Kodi nanunso muli ndi chizolowezi chochita izi? Tiyeni tikambirane za chizolowezi!

Nthawi zina timamva ngati, "O, sindingathe kuchotsa izi," eti? Ikhoza kukhala chizolowezi choipa, kapena ikhoza kukhala chinthu chakuya, chizolowezi. Lero tikambirana za chomwe chilidi, chifukwa chake zimachitika, komanso momwe tingatulukire. Iyi ndi nkhani yovuta pang'ono, koma tiyeni tiyesetse kuisunga mosavuta.

Kodi kuledzera kwenikweni n’chiyani?

Mwachidule, kuledzera ndi kukonda kwambiri chinthu kapena zochita, ndipo munthuyo amapitiriza kuchita zimenezi popanda kulamulira, ngakhale akudziwa kuti zidzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa. Ndi matenda osatha omwe angakhudze moyo wawo wonse . Taganizirani izi, anthu ena amadziwa kuti zomwe akuchita n’zolakwika ndipo zikuvulaza iwowo komanso ena, koma sangasiye n’kulowa m’mavuto aakulu. Kuledzera kungakhudze kwambiri thanzi lanu, ubale wanu ndi banja lanu, ntchito yanu, ndi chilichonse m’moyo wanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna thandizo mukangoyamba kuzindikira zizindikiro za kuledzera.

Kodi uwu ndi matenda?

Inde, kuledzera ndi matenda, matenda . Malinga ndi American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), kuledzera ndi matenda a ubongo osatha. Sizimachitika chifukwa chosowa mphamvu kapena kupanga zisankho zolakwika. Kuledzera kumasintha kayendedwe ka ubongo wanu . Zili ngati matenda ena aliwonse osatha, monga matenda a shuga kapena matenda a mtima.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya zizolowezi ndi iti?

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya zizolowezi: 1. Kuledzera ndi zinthu zoledzeretsa (madokotala amatchanso kuti "Mavuto Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Oledzeretsa"). 2. Kuledzera ndi zinthu zoledzeretsa, kutanthauza, kuchita zinthu zina ("Kuledzera ndi Khalidwe").

Kusuta Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo

Madokotala ndi azachipatala tsopano akutchula matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti "Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo." Buku la American Psychiatric Association lotchedwa "DSM-5", lomwe ndi buku lothandizira kuzindikira matenda amisala, lili ndi njira zomveka bwino zodziwira "Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo." Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe angathe kukhala osokoneza bongo. Izi zitha kukhala mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala kapena mankhwala osaloledwa. Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zingapo:

• Mowa .
• Kafeini - Inde, anthu ena amakondanso kumwa kafeini yomwe imapezeka mu khofi ndi tiyi.
• Chamba/Chamba.
• Zinthu zochititsa mantha - Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo PCP ndi LSD.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, ochepetsa ululu komanso ochepetsa nkhawa - mankhwala operekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logona, monga benzodiazepines ndi barbiturates.
• Zopumira - monga utoto wothina, zopopera, mpweya wina, ndi nitrites (zopopera).
• Mitundu ya `(Opioids)` yomwe imatengedwa ndi kapena popanda mankhwala a dokotala -Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga Codeine, Oxycodone , ndi Heroin.
• Mankhwala olimbikitsa, kaya atengedwa ndi dokotala kapena ayi - monga Adderall ®, cocaine, ndi methamphetamine (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ayezi).
• Fodya / Nikotini - Kusuta ndudu , kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu zamagetsi (ndudu zamagetsi kapena vaping ).

Ngakhale kuti zinthuzi ndi zosiyana kwambiri, zonse zimagwira ntchito polimbikitsa kwambiri malo opindulitsa muubongo wanu, kukupatsani chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo. Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo amatha kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi - koma si aliyense amene amachita zimenezo. Matendawa amatha kukhala ofatsa, apakati kapena amphamvu. Kuledzera ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo.

Zizolowezi Zoipa

Kuzolowera khalidwe kungachitike ndi chilichonse chomwe chimalimbikitsa malo osangalatsa a ubongo wanu. Asayansi a makhalidwe akufufuzabe kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa zizolowezi zoledzeretsa, zizolowezi zoledzeretsa, ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa khalidwe (monga Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) ndi Bulimia Nervosa). Pakadali pano, chizolowezi chokhacho chomwe chimadziwika mwalamulo mu DSM-5 ndi vuto la kutchova juga. Chili mu gawo la "Zozolowezi Zosagwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Oledzeretsa". Zozolowezi zina sizikuphatikizidwa mu DSM-5 chifukwa palibe kafukufuku wokwanira pa izi. Komabe, ngati zochita kapena chizolowezi chilichonse chikhala cholemetsa kwambiri moti chimasokoneza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, zingayambitse mavuto amisala, chikhalidwe, ndi thanzi, komanso nthawi zina mavuto azachuma. Zitsanzo zina za zochita zomwe zingakhale zoledzeretsa:

• Kutchova juga .
• Kudya - Anthu ena amavutika kulamulira kudya kwawo.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchepetsa thupi - Kuchuluka kwa izi ndi vuto linanso.
• Kugula zinthu.
• Kuba m'masitolo kapena machitidwe ena oopsa.
• Kuchita zogonana.
• Kuonera zolaula.
• Masewera apakanema - Izi zimatchedwanso Internet Gaming Disorder.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti (monga pafoni yanu, pakompyuta) - makamaka malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.

Kodi chizolowezi chofala kwambiri ndi chiyani?

Ku United States, vuto lofala kwambiri ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mowa. Lotsatira ndi nikotini ndi chamba. Pafupifupi 10% ya anthu azaka zopitilira 12 ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mowa. Vutoli ndi lofanana kwambiri ku Sri Lanka, makamaka ndi mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kumwa mowa ndi fodya.

Kodi zizindikiro za chizolowezi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za chizolowezi zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu aliyense ndipo zimatengera mankhwala kapena zochita zomwe munthuyo amamwa. Nazi zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino:

• Kulephera kusiya: Munthu angafune kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuchita zinthu zosayenera, koma sangathe. Akhoza kuyesa kangapo kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma sanapambane. Anganamize okondedwa awo za izi kapena kubisa. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wosuta fodya angaganize tsiku lililonse kuti, "Sindidzasutanso lero," koma kenako amayambanso kusuta.
• Kuchuluka kwa kuleza mtima: Pakapita nthawi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwalawo kapena kuthera nthawi yambiri mukuchita izi kuti mupeze chisangalalo/ chisangalalo chomwe munkachipeza kale. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene poyamba anali wokhutira ndi mowa pang'ono pamapeto pake adzafunika zambiri kuti apeze chisangalalo chomwecho.
• Kuganizira kwambiri za chinthu kapena zochita: Anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi chinthu kapena zochitazo. Angamve ngati chizolowezicho chikulamulira miyoyo yawo chifukwa amakhala akuchilakalaka tsiku lonse, akuyesera kuchigwiritsa ntchito, ndikuchiganizira.
• Kusadziletsa: Angamve ngati alibe chochita ndipo sangalamulire kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena zochita zawo. Angamve ngati ali ndi mlandu, akuvutika maganizo, komanso akuvutika ndi zinthu zomwe zawachitikira chifukwa cha chizolowezi chawo.
• Mavuto aumwini ndi thanzi: Kuledzera kumakhudza mbali iliyonse ya moyo - thanzi la thupi, thanzi la maganizo, maubwenzi aumwini, ntchito, chilichonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena khalidwe kungapangitse munthu kulephera kukwaniritsa maudindo ake kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena kunyumba. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, sangathe kusiya, ngakhale akudziwa kuvulaza komwe kuledzera kwawo kukubweretsa.
• Kusiya: Anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zoledzera amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zamaganizo ndi zakuthupi zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa akasiya kugwiritsa ntchito. Zizindikiro zakuthupi zimatha kuphatikizapo kunjenjemera, thukuta, ndi kusanza. Akhozanso kukhala ndi zizindikiro zamaganizo monga nkhawa ndi kukwiya.

N’chifukwa chiyani munthu amakopeka ndi zinthu zimenezi?

Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha chomwe chimayambitsa chizolowezi - ndi vuto lovuta kwambiri .Chifukwa chachikulu cha chizolowezi ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo wanu.

Kusintha kwa mankhwala muubongo

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zochita zina zimakhudza ubongo wanu, makamaka malo opezera mphotho . Monga anthu, timangoganiza zofunafuna chisangalalo ndi kukhutira. Nthawi zambiri, chisangalalochi chimachokera ku zinthu zabwino. Mukakhala ndi munthu amene mumamukonda, kapena mukamadya chakudya chokoma, thupi lanu limatulutsa mankhwala otchedwa dopamine . Izi ndi zomwe zimakupangitsani kumva bwino. Zili ngati kuzungulira: Mumafunafuna zinthu izi chifukwa zimakupangitsani kumva bwino. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zochita zina (monga kugonana, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama) zimatulutsanso dopamine yambiri mu ubongo wanu. Komabe, m'malo mokulimbikitsani kuchita zinthu zomwe mukufuna kuchita (kudya, kugwira ntchito, kukhala ndi okondedwa), kuchuluka kwa dopamine kumeneku kumatha kuwononga malingaliro anu, malingaliro anu, ndi machitidwe anu. Izi zingayambitse chilakolako choipa cha mankhwala kapena zochita, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa chisangalalo kuchokera ku zochita zabwino. Pakapita nthawi, zinthuzi kapena zochitazi zimasintha kapangidwe ka ubongo wanu. Mumakhala osazindikira zotsatira zake. Kenako, mumafunika zambiri kuti mupeze chisangalalo chomwe munkachipeza kale. Ndi zinthu zina, monga ma opioid, zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kotero kuti mumatha kupitiriza kuzigwiritsa ntchito.

Zifukwa zina

Pali zifukwa zina zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu ayambe kuledzera:

• Majini: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pakati pa 40% ndi 60% ya chiopsezo chotenga matenda aliwonse okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chimachitika chifukwa cha majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati wina m'banja mwanu (mchimwene, mlongo, kholo) ali ndi vutoli, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu pang'ono. Asayansi akuyesetsabe kupeza majini enieni omwe amayambitsa chiopsezochi.
• Matenda amisala: Pali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kuledzera ndi matenda amisala (monga kuvutika maganizo, matenda ovutika maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa, matenda a bipolar). Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala alinso ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo alinso ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo.
• Zinthu Zokhudza Chilengedwe: Kupeza mosavuta zinthu zoledzeretsa ndi chinthu chomwe chimaika pachiwopsezo kwambiri pa chilengedwe. Kukhala ndi achibale kapena abwenzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kupatsidwa mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika (monga ma opioid, mankhwala olimbikitsa), kungapangitse kuti munthu azitha kudwala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoledzeretsa.Mavuto Okhudza Ubwana (ACEs) nawonso amachita gawo lalikulu pano. Ma ACE ndi zochitika zovutitsa maganizo kapena zoopsa zomwe zimachitika ali mwana. Izi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo, kuphatikizapo zizolowezi, zomwe zimatha kukula m'moyo wonse wa munthu.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi vuto la chizolowezi? (Kuzindikira)

Kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, dokotala wanu angakutumizireni kwa dokotala wa matenda amisala, katswiri wa zamaganizo, kapena mlangizi wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa. Dokotala wanu adzakufunsani mafunso (ndipo mwina banja lanu) okhudza momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso makhalidwe anu ovuta. Dokotalayo angafunenso kuchita mayeso akuthupi ndipo angakupatseni mayeso a magazi ndi mkodzo. Mayesowa amapereka chidziwitso chokhudza thanzi lanu lonse. Angakuthandizeninso kudziwa ngati muli ndi matenda enaake.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira zizolowezi ndi otani?

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira, zomwe zingaphatikizepo:

• Kasamalidwe ka chipatala: Zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala zomwe zimachitika mukasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake zingakhale zoopsa. Mudzayang'aniridwa ndikulandira chithandizo m'zipatala zapadera kuti zikuthandizeni kuchira ku zizindikirozi.
• Mankhwala: Mankhwala ena amachepetsa chilakolako, chilakolako, ndi zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala nthawi zonse. Ngati muli ndi vuto lina la maganizo (monga matenda a bipolar, kuvutika maganizo), dokotala wanu angawathandizenso ndi mankhwala.
• Kubwezeretsa/Kubwezeretsa: Izi zimatchedwanso "kukhala moyo wosaledzera" kapena "chithandizo cha m'nyumba." Malo obwezeretsa amapereka uphungu wokonzedwa bwino, maphunziro, chithandizo, ndi chilimbikitso. Mutha kulandira chithandizo mwa kukhala m'malo obwezeretsa (rehab inpatient) kapena mwa kupezeka pamisonkhano yokonzedwa (rehab outpatient). Ntchito zothandizira kubwezeretsa thanzi zimayang'ana kwambiri kukuthandizani kuthana ndi chizolowezi chanu ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Uphungu ndi Chithandizo: Njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira zingathandize anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zosokoneza bongo kupeza malingaliro atsopano ndikusintha machitidwe awo. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni za psychotherapy (kulankhula ndi dokotala), monga cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) kapena group therapy.
• Magulu othandizira:Anthu ambiri amatha kuthetsa zizolowezi zawo mothandizidwa ndi gulu lothandizira. Mwachitsanzo, Alcoholics Anonymous kapena Narcotics Anonymous. Magulu monga Al-Anon amapereka chithandizo kwa mabanja ndi mabwenzi a anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Maguluwa amapatsa anthu mwayi wogawana zomwe akumana nazo ndikulandira chithandizo chopitilira.

Kodi mungakhale ndi moyo wamtundu wanji ngati mutachira ku chizolowezi choledzera? (Outlook)

Ndi chithandizo, anthu ambiri amatha kusintha zizolowezi zawo ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wodzaza. Komabe, kuchira ku matenda obwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zizolowezi za khalidwe sikophweka . Mabwenzi othandizira, abale, ndi madokotala amachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupangitsa chithandizochi kukhala chopambana.

Popanda chithandizo, kuledzera kungayambitse mavuto aakulu azaumoyo komanso imfa. Kungawononge ubale wa anthu, kuyambitsa mavuto azachuma, komanso kuyambitsa mavuto azamalamulo. Kuledzera kosachiritsidwa kungawonongenso mabanja, ndipo zotsatira zake zingakhalepo kwa mibadwomibadwo.

Kodi pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe chizolowezi choledzera?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi chizolowezi chomwa mowa:

• Pewani kapena chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Pewani kapena chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osaperekedwa ndi dokotala. Nthawi zonse tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mungakhale ndi chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
• Dziwani mbiri ya banja lanu: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena chizolowezi cha khalidwe, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zochepetsera chiopsezo chanu.
• Kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo mwaumoyo: Chiwopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chimawonjezeka kwambiri panthawi ya kupsinjika maganizo komanso kusintha kwa moyo. Ndikofunikira kupeza njira zabwino zothanirana ndi vutoli panthawiyi (monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusinkhasinkha, kuchita zinthu zina zomwe mumakonda). Ngati mukuvutika kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, ganizirani kuonana ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo .

Kodi mumathandiza bwanji munthu amene ali ndi vuto la chizolowezi chomwa mowa kwambiri?

Kupeza kuti munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi vuto la khalidwe loipa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungakhale kovuta kwambiri komanso kovutitsa maganizo. Nazi malangizo ena othandiza wokondedwa wanu komanso inuyo:

• Lankhulani msanga: Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo akalandira chithandizo msanga, zimakhala bwino. Fotokozani nkhawa zanu ndikumuthandiza kupeza chithandizo mwamsanga. Imbani foni yothandizira, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo , muuzeni kuti alembetse pulogalamu yothandizira, kapena pitani ku pulogalamu ya masitepe 12. Perekani thandizo lanu ndi chithandizo popanda kuweruza.
• Yesetsani kukhala ndi chifundo: Ngakhale simukugwirizana ndi wokondedwa wanu, mvetserani mosamala zomwe akunena. Wokondedwa wanu akamamva ngati ali ndi munthu amene amamumvetsa, amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wokuonani ngati munthu amene angamudalire.
• Khalani oleza mtima: Musayembekezere kuti chizolowezi cha wokondedwa wanu chidzathetsedwa mwa kukambirana kamodzi kapena kuchitapo kanthu kamodzi. Matenda okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zizolowezi za khalidwe ndi zovuta, matenda osatha, ndipo palibe njira zothetsera mavuto mwachangu.
• Ganiziraninso za inu nokha: Anzanu ndi abale a anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zoipa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, chisoni, komanso kusungulumwa. Ndikofunikira kuganizira za thanzi lanu la maganizo ndikupempha thandizo ngati muli ndi zizindikirozi. Ganizirani kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira kapena bungwe mdera lanu.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala?

Kuledzera ndi matenda oopsa. Ngati mukuganiza kuti inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamukonda akhoza kukhala ndi chizolowezi choledzera, lankhulani ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Pali magulu othandizira ndi othandizira omwe alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Pomaliza, kuledzera si matenda, si kufooka kwa maganizo kapena vuto la khalidwe. Zingachitike kwa aliyense, monga matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chofunika ndichakuti zitha kuthetsedwa. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akuvutika ndi vutoli, simuli nokha. Musaope kupempha thandizo, musamachite manyazi. Lankhulani ndi dokotala, mlangizi, kapena munthu wamkulu wodalirika. Ndi chithandizo choyenera ndi chithandizo, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri agonjetsa kuledzera kumeneku ndipo akukhala ndi moyo wachimwemwe komanso wathanzi. Ulendowu ukhoza kukhala wovuta, ndipo padzakhala zopinga panjira, koma musataye mtima. Mutha kuthetsa izi. ` Kuledzera, Kuledzera, Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, Mowa, Kutchova Juga, Chithandizo, Thanzi la Maganizo