Tiyeni tiphunzire za mayeso a PT/INR. Umu ndi momwe kuchuluka kwa magazi anu kumayezedwera (Nthawi ya Prothrombin / Mayeso a INR)

Kodi munayamba mwavulalapo pang'ono? Mwina munadula dzanja lanu ndi mpeni, kapena munagwa kwinakwake. Zimenezi zikachitika, kutuluka magazi kumasiya pakapita kanthawi, sichoncho? Chifukwa cha izi ndi njira yodabwitsa m'thupi lathu. Imeneyo ndi magazi kuundana. Koma nthawi zina njira imeneyi siigwira ntchito bwino. Kaya magazi amatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira, kapena amachitika mofulumira kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira. Pazochitika zotere, tikulankhula za mayeso osavuta kwambiri, koma ofunikira kwambiri omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe momwe magazi anu amaundana mofulumira. Amatchedwa Prothrombin Time, kapena PT/INR test.

Mwachidule, kodi mayeso a PT/INR awa ndi otani?

Kuyesa kwa PT/INR ndi mayeso omwe amatenga chitsanzo cha magazi anu ndikuyesa nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti magazi aundane. Taganizirani izi, mukakhala ndi vuto, mapuloteni m'thupi lathu (otchedwa zinthu zoundana) amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti apange magazi oundana kuti asiye kutuluka magazi. Prothrombin ndi puloteni ina yomwe imapangidwa ndi chiwindi chathu ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri pakupanga magazi oundana.

Zotsatira za mayesowa zitha kuperekedwa m'masekondi, kapena nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa mu kuwerengera kwapadera kotchedwa ``INR - International Normalized Ratio''. INR ndi muyeso wamba womwe susiyana malinga ndi labu padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, n'zosavuta kuti madokotala amvetse zotsatira zake.

Kawirikawiri, dokotala amachitanso mayeso ena okhudza magazi omwe amapangidwa otchedwa PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) pamodzi ndi mayeso a PT awa. Amafufuza ngati zinthu zina zomwe zimathandiza magazi kuundana zikugwira ntchito bwino.

Kodi mayeso a PT/INR amenewa amachitidwa pazochitika ziti?

Madokotala amachita mayesowa kuti atsimikizire kuti magazi anu akutseka bwino. Tangoganizani, ngati magazi anu akutseka pang'onopang'ono, mutha kutuluka magazi ambiri ngakhale mutavulala pang'ono. Mofananamo, ngati magazi anu atseka mofulumira kwambiri, magaziwo amatha kutsekeka m'mitsempha yanu yamagazi ndikuyambitsa matenda oopsa.

Nazi zina mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe dokotala wanu angakulamulireni mayeso awa:

• Yang'anirani mlingo wanu wa warfarin: Warfarin, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Coumadin®, ndi mankhwala ochepetsa magazi. Amaperekedwa kuti ateteze magazi kuundana m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha magazi kuundana m'mitsempha ya miyendo (Deep Venous Thrombosis) kapena magazi kuundana m'mapapo (Pulmonary Embolism). Chifukwa chake, mayeso a PT/INR nthawi zambiri amachitidwa kuti awone ngati mlingo wa warfarin womwe mukumwa ndi woyenera, wochuluka kwambiri, kapena wosakwanira.

• Musanachite Opaleshoni: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumachitika musanachite opaleshoni kuti muwone ngati magazi anu amaundana bwino. Izi zithandiza madokotala kuonetsetsa kuti palibe chiopsezo chotaya magazi ambiri panthawi ya opaleshoni.

• Kuzindikira matenda otuluka magazi ndi kutsekeka kwa magazi: Ngati muli ndi mabala osadziwika bwino, kutuluka magazi m'mphuno pafupipafupi, kapena kuvutika kuletsa kutuluka magazi ngakhale pachilonda chaching'ono, mayesowa angathandize kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa.

• Ngati mukukayikira matenda a chiwindi: Tanena kale kuti prothrombin imapangidwa ndi chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali vuto ndi puloteni iyi, zitha kutanthauza kuti pali matenda a chiwindi. Kuyesa kwa PT/INR ndi chimodzi mwa mayeso angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa momwe chiwindi chimagwira ntchito.

Kodi pali kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumafunika musanayese mayeso?

Inde, nthawi zina pangafunike kukonzekera pang'ono. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi. Nthawi zambiri, zingakhale motere:

• Siyani mankhwala ena kwakanthawi: Mankhwala ena, monga maantibayotiki, amatha kuonjezera PT/INR yanu. Mankhwala a mahomoni, monga mapiritsi oletsa kubereka, amathanso kuchepetsa izi. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa. Koma kumbukirani, musasiye mankhwala anu pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanu wakuuzani.

• Chepetsani kudya Vitamini K: Vitamini K ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandiza magazi kuundana. Chifukwa chake ngati mumwa mapiritsi a vitamini K, kapena kudya zakudya zambiri zokhala ndi vitamini K monga kabichi, sipinachi, ndi broccoli, mungapemphedwe kuti muchepetse pang'ono. Chifukwa zimenezo zingakhudzenso zotsatira zake. Koma musanachite chilichonse mwa izi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya mayeso?

Izi n'zosavuta, monga kupereka magazi mwachizolowezi.

1. Namwino kapena katswiri wa labu adzapaka mkati mwa mkono wanu ndi mowa ndikuyika lamba wozungulira pamwamba pa mkono wanu.

2. Kenako adzakupemphani kuti mukweze dzanja lanu. Kenako mudzawona mitsempha bwino.

3. Singano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa magazi kuchokera mumtsempha kupita mu kabotolo kakang'ono. Mudzamva kupweteka pang'ono singano ikalowetsedwa.

4. Mukatulutsa magazi, mudzapemphedwa kuti muyike kansalu kakang'ono kapena thonje pamwamba pa singano ndikukagwira pamalo pake.

Nthawi zina, makamaka kwa anthu omwe akumwa warfarin, amafunika kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse, kotero ayenera kutenga dontho la magazi kuchokera ku zala zawo. Palinso zida zoyezetsera magazi kunyumba. Ngati mukufuna imodzi, dokotala wanu adzakuwonetsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito komanso momwe mungafotokozere dokotala wanu zotsatira zake.

Zotsatira kapena momwe mungamvetsetsere zotsatira zake?

Mukapeza zotsatira zanu, tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la manambalawo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuzimvetsa, makamaka ngati mukumwa warfarin.

Kodi zotsatira zosazolowereka zikutanthauza chiyani?

Ngati mtengo wa PT kapena INR uli wokwera:

Izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi anu amatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa yachibadwa kuti amange.

• Ngati simukumwa warfarin, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda otuluka magazi, vuto la chiwindi, kapena kusowa kwa vitamini K.
• Ngati mukumwa warfarin ndipo INR yanu ili yokwera kuposa yomwe mukufuna (monga yoposa 3.0), muli pachiwopsezo chotaya magazi. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha:
• Mlingo wanu wa warfarin ndi wokwera kwambiri.
• Chifukwa cha mankhwala ena omwe munamwa popanda kuuza dokotala (mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu, mankhwala ozizira).
• Kuyanjana kwa Warfarin ndi zinthu monga sipinachi, kale, madzi a cranberry, kapena mowa.

Ngati mtengo wa PT kapena INR uli wotsika:

Izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi anu amaundana mofulumira kuposa masiku onse. Ngati munthu amene akumwa warfarin ali ndi INR pansi pa cholinga chake (monga, zosakwana 2.0), pali chiopsezo choti magazi amaundana.

Ngati zotsatira zake sizili bwino, kodi muchita chiyani kenako?

Kutengera ndi zotsatira zake, dokotala wanu adzasankha choti achite kenako.

• Ngati mukumwa warfarin: Dokotala wanu adzasintha mlingo wanu pang'ono kuti abweretse INR yanu ku mlingo womwe mukufuna. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mungafunike kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa mlingo wanu pang'ono.
• Ngati mukukayikira matenda ena: Dokotala adzayang'ana pamodzi zotsatira za mayeso a PT ndi PTT. Akhozanso kukutumizani kuti mukayesedwenso kuti mudziwe matendawa.

Zotsatira nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mkati mwa maola ochepa kapena tsiku limodzi. Kuyesa kwa chala kumatenga mphindi zochepa chabe.