Kodi Umoyo wa Anthu Onse ndi Chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule!

Tonsefe timafuna kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso osangalala. Lero tikambirana za gawo lapadera lomwe limathandiza kukonza thanzi lanu, banja lanu, anzanu, ndi anthu onse. Ili ndi dzina lomwe timalitcha kuti Public Health . Mwina munamvapo kale mawu awa. Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule komanso momwe amakhudzira miyoyo yathu.

Kodi Umoyo wa Anthu Onse ndi Chiyani? N'zosavuta kwambiri!

Tsopano, ngati muli ndi chimfine, pitani kwa dokotala. Dokotala amakuyesani ndikukupatsani mankhwala omwe ali enieni kwa inu. Ndicho chimene chisamaliro chaumoyo chimayimira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuchiza munthu aliyense payekha. Komabe, thanzi la anthu onse ndi losiyana pang'ono, lingaliro lalikulu. Pano, akatswiri samayang'ana munthu aliyense payekha, koma gulu lonse la anthu, kapena gulu lonse la anthu. Amayang'ana mavuto azaumoyo m'dera linalake, kapena gulu linalake la anthu, ndi momwe angawathetsere.

Taganizirani izi motere. Mumudzi, deta ikuwonetsa kuti kutsegula m'mimba kukuchulukirachulukira pakati pa ana aang'ono. Kenako akatswiri azaumoyo amabwera kudzafufuza chifukwa chake. Mwina ndi kusowa kwa madzi oyera, kapena mwina pali kusowa kwa zimbudzi. Kenako amakumana ndi anthu akumudzi, kulankhula ndi atsogoleri ammudzi, ndikupeza njira zothetsera vutoli. Mwina amayambitsa pulogalamu yoyeretsa zitsime, kapena kuphunzitsa anthu za kufunika kosamba m'manja. Mukuona? Izi sizipindulitsa banja limodzi lokha, koma mudzi wonse, anthu ambiri nthawi imodzi. Zili ngati chitetezo chomwe dokotala wanu wa ana amakupatsani, kuwonjezera pa upangiri womwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu wa ana. Mwachidule, thanzi la anthu onse ndi kuganizira za thanzi la anthu onse ammudzi, osati munthu m'modzi yekha.

Ndani amapereka chithandizo ku ntchito zathanzi za anthu onsezi?

Izi zili ngati gulu lalikulu logwira ntchito limodzi. Aliyense ali ndi udindo wake wapadera. Tiyeni tiwone kuti anthu awa ndi ndani?

• Akatswiri a matenda: Anthu awa amathanso kutchedwa "ofufuza matenda." Ndiwo omwe amafufuza njira zomwe matenda amafalikira pakati pa gulu linalake la anthu, komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala mliri wa dengue, ndi omwe amafufuza zinthu monga momwe umafalikira, komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Akatswiri Ophunzitsa Zaumoyo: Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, anthuwa amaphunzitsa anthu za matupi awo, momwe angakhalire athanzi, komanso momwe angapezere chithandizo chaumoyo. Kudziwitsa anthu ndikofunikira. Amachita misonkhano, kugawa timapepala, komanso kupereka chidziwitso kudzera m'manyuzipepala osiyanasiyana.
• Madokotala a Zaumoyo wa Anthu Onse: Madokotala awa amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera za zaumoyo wa anthu onse. Amagwira ntchito m'zipatala za anthu ammudzi ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi maudindo otsogolera popanga mfundo za boma zokhudza thanzi.
• Ogwira Ntchito Zaumoyo: Awa ndi anthuAli ngati mlatho pakati pa anthu akumudzi ndi mzinda komanso mautumiki azaumoyo. Amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi anthu ammudzi, kuzindikira zosowa zawo, ndikuwathandiza. M'dziko lathu, Azamba a Zaumoyo wa Mabanja ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha izi. Amapita kumakomo ndikupereka upangiri ndi ntchito zofunikira kwa amayi ndi ana.
• Akatswiri a Biostatisticians: Zikumveka ngati dzina lachilendo, sichoncho? Mwachidule, iwo ndi omwe amasonkhanitsa, kusanthula, ndi kutanthauzira deta yokhudzana ndi thanzi. Izi zimathandiza opanga mfundo ndi ena kupanga zisankho zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, kusanthula kwawo kungathandize kudziwa magulu azaka ndi madera omwe ali ndi matenda enaake.
• Akatswiri a Zaumoyo ndi Chitetezo Pantchito: Kaya mumagwira ntchito muofesi kapena fakitale, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti muli otetezeka. Awa ndi anthu omwe amaonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito akukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo. Kuwunika kwawo kumathandiza kuti antchito akhale otetezeka ku ngozi.
• Oyang'anira Malo Odyera: Tikagula chakudya m'sitolo, sitingathe kuwona ngati chakonzedwa bwino komanso mwaukhondo. Pamenepo anthuwa amakhala ofunikira. Amayendera malo odyera ndi mahotela ndikuonetsetsa kuti akutsatira miyezo yofunikira yazaumoyo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timatha kusangalala ndi chakudya popanda mantha. M'dziko lathu, Oyang'anira Zaumoyo wa Anthu (PHIs) nawonso amachita ntchitoyi.

Ndiye, kodi tikutanthauza chiyani tikati nkhani zaumoyo wa anthu onse?

Nkhani zaumoyo wa anthu ndi zinthu zomwe zimatizungulira zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yomwe timakhala ndi moyo komanso momwe timakhalira bwino. Nkhanizi sizikhudza aliyense mofanana. Ndicho chifukwa chake akatswiri amaphunzira magulu enaake a anthu (monga anthu ochokera m'dera linalake, fuko linalake, kapena gulu linalake la zaka). Amafuna kudziwa mavuto omwe gulu lililonse lili nawo komanso zomwe lingachitike kuti liwongolere mavutowo.

Tangoganizirani momwe zingakhalire zabwino kwambiri ngati aliyense akanakhala ndi mwayi wofanana wopeza chithandizo chamankhwala ndi malo abwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wofanana wopeza zinthu zomwe akufunikira kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Sitikupita kumeneko. Koma dipatimenti ya zaumoyo yadzipereka kuti ikatifikitse kumeneko momwe tingathere.

Nkhani zaumoyo wa anthu onse zimasintha pakapita nthawi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zoopsa zatsopano zaumoyo zingabuke. Komanso, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, matenda ena omwe kale anali vuto lalikulu salinso vuto lalikulu. Komanso, nkhanizi zimasiyana malinga ndi dziko.

Mwachitsanzo, zina mwa nkhani zazikulu zokhudza thanzi la anthu zomwe tikukamba ku Sri Lanka ndi izi:

• Kulamulira mliri wa dengue.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa Matenda Osapatsirana (NCDs), monga Matenda a Shuga, Kuthamanga kwa Magazi, ndi Matenda a Mtima.
• Kusowa zakudya m'thupi kwa ana komanso mavuto a zakudya kwa akuluakulu.
• Kuchepetsa ngozi za pamsewu.
• Matenda a impso, makamaka matenda a impso osatha (CKDu - Matenda a impso osatha omwe samadziwika chifukwa chake) m'madera ena.
• Kusamalira kwambiri thanzi la maganizo.
• Kuchepetsa zotsatira za kuipitsa chilengedwe pa thanzi.
• Pakufunikabe kuwongolera matenda opatsirana monga chifuwa chachikulu.
• Magulu ena a anthu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo chifukwa cha tsankho (monga tsankho la anthu onse) .
• Kukonzekera miliri kapena miliri yamtsogolo.

Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe. Nkhani ya zaumoyo wa anthu ndi nkhani yaikulu kwambiri. Imafuna mayankho a mavuto akale komanso zosowa zatsopano.

Kodi dongosolo la zaumoyo la anthu onse limagwira ntchito bwanji m'dziko ngati Sri Lanka?

M'mayiko ngati America, pali mabungwe ambiri monga Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). M'dziko lathu, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ndiye bungwe lalikulu, ndipo mautumikiwa azaumoyo wa anthu onse amayendetsedwa m'maboma, m'zigawo, komanso m'madera. Mwina mudamvapo za maofesi a nthambi ya zaumoyo m'madera, maofesi a Medical Officer of Health (MOH). Komanso, akuluakulu monga Public Health Inspectors (PHIs) ndi Family Health Midwives amapita kumidzi ndikupereka chithandizo.

Zili ngati aliyense akubwera pamodzi kuti abweretse madzi kumudzi. Sikuti mabungwe azaumoyo a boma okha, amagwira ntchito ndi ena ambiri. Mwachitsanzo:

• Madipatimenti ena aboma, monga Environmental Protection Agency ndi Unduna wa Zamayendedwe.
• Mabungwe a anthu ammudzi, malo achipembedzo monga akachisi ndi matchalitchi .
• Mabungwe osachita phindu.
• Zipatala ndi machitidwe ena azaumoyo.
• Odzipereka a m'dera.

Chithandizo cha aliyense n'chofunika kwambiri popanga dziko lomwe aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopeza chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe akufunikira.

Ndiye kodi timalandira chithandizo chotani kuchokera ku dongosolo la zaumoyo la anthu onseli?

Dongosolo la zaumoyo wa anthu onse limapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Cholinga chake ndi kupatsa aliyense mwayi wokwanira wokhala ndi thanzi labwino momwe angathere. Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe akatswiri azaumoyo amachita m'madera osiyanasiyana mdziko lonselo:

• Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta ya zaumoyo: Izi zimatchedwa Public Health Surveillance.Akatswiri amafufuza njira zomvetsetsa zosowa za anthu ammudzi. Mwachitsanzo, amazindikira omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda enaake. Izi zingathandize kuzindikira madera omwe milandu ya dengue imanenedwa, magulu azaka, ndi zina zotero.
• Kuyankha pazadzidzidzi zaumoyo: Pakabuka mliri wa matenda opatsirana, tsoka lachilengedwe, kapena vuto lina ladzidzidzi, akatswiri azaumoyo amakhala patsogolo. Amasonkhanitsa mwachangu deta ndikupereka malingaliro a zomwe angachite pambuyo pake. Tinaona izi momveka bwino panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19.
• Maphunziro a anthu onse: Zaumoyo ndi matenda ndi nkhani zovuta. Koma akatswiri azaumoyo amathandiza kumasulira mfundo zasayansi izi kukhala chilankhulo chomwe tonse timachimvetsa. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo mapulogalamu odziwitsa anthu za zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi katemera.
• Kukhazikitsa ndi kukakamiza miyezo ya chitetezo: Anthu awa amafufuza malo omwe amafunikira malamulo ena azaumoyo kapena chitetezo (monga malo odyera, masukulu, malo ogwirira ntchito). Amaonetsetsa kuti chilichonse chikugwirizana ndi miyezo yofunikira.
• Kupanga mfundo zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti anthu onse azitha kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala mofanana: Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe sizili zachipatala zomwe zimakhudza thanzi lathu tsiku lililonse. Izi zimatchedwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa thanzi la anthu . Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga madzi oyera, maphunziro abwino, nyumba zotetezeka, ndi ntchito. Akatswiri azaumoyo amaphunzira momwe zinthuzi zimakhudzira magulu ena a anthu, kenako amapanga mfundo zowonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi mwayi wokwanira.

Digiri ya zaumoyo wa anthu? Kodi imeneyo ndi chiyani?

Inde, palinso mapulogalamu apadera a digiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuphunzira phunziroli lotchedwa thanzi la anthu onse. Mwina mudamvapo za digiri ya `(MPH)` (Master of Public Health) . Iyi ndi digiri ya postgraduate. Ndiko kuti, yomwe ingachitike mutamaliza digiri yokhazikika. Imapereka maphunziro ozama m'magawo monga epidemiology, biostatistics, sayansi yazaumoyo wazachilengedwe, kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zaumoyo, ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe ndi machitidwe.

Komanso, m'mayunivesite ena , mutha kusankha Public Health ngati major ndikuchita digiri yoyamba, kutanthauza digiri ya `(BSPH)` (Bachelor of Science in Public Health) . Mukamaliza digiri iyi, mutha kupitiliza kuchita `(MPH)`, kapena mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito m'munda uwu.

Koma thanzi la anthu si ntchito yaukadaulo yokha. Ndi zambiri kuposa pamenepo. Ndi ntchito yogwirizana ya anthu omwe amafunafuna mwayi wothandiza ena kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi momwe angathere.

Ndiye, kodi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tikufuna kutenga kuchokera mu nkhaniyi ndi chiyani? Kodi inunso mungathandizire pa izi?

Umoyo wa anthu onse ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhudza ubwino wa tonsefe, ubwino wa anthu onse. Ndi pulogalamu yomwe imayesetsa kuti anthu onse akhale athanzi, m'malo mochiritsa matenda a munthu aliyense payekha.

Ngati mwawerenga nkhaniyi ndi kuganiza kuti, "Wow, kuthandiza ena kukhala athanzi komanso otetezeka ndi chinthu chabwino," ndiye kuti mwadzipereka kale ku thanzi la anthu onse! Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe digiri kapena maphunziro apadera, zinthu zomwe mumachita tsiku lililonse zimatha kusintha kwambiri miyoyo ya ena.

Ganizirani zinthu ngati izi:

• Ngati wina amene mumamudziwa akuvutika kupita kwa dokotala, muthandizeni kupita.
• Mukhoza kupita kokayenda tsiku limodzi pa sabata ndi mnansi wanu amene akuganiza kuti akufunika kuyenda pang'ono.
• Pitani kwa wachibale kapena mnzanu amene ali yekha ndipo muwapatse chakudya chopatsa thanzi chophikidwa kunyumba.
• Gawani nkhani zofunika zokhudzana ndi thanzi ndi banja lanu komanso anzanu. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugawana nkhani ngati iyi.
• Dziwitsani oimira anthu am'deralo za nkhani ya thanzi la anthu yomwe mukuganiza kuti ndi yofunika.

Umoyo wa anthu ndi chinthu chomwe chimatikhudza ife, inu, ine, aliyense. Chifukwa chake, tonse tili ndi udindo wothandizira khama limenelo.

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti mwamvetsa zomwe takambirana lero. Zaumoyo wa anthu si mawu chabe, koma ndi za miyoyo yathu yonse. Ngati tonse titagwirizana ndikupereka nawo mbali m'njira zazing'ono, titha kupanga anthu athanzi komanso achimwemwe. Kodi mukumvetsa?

Thanzi la Anthu Onse , Thanzi la Anthu Onse, Dongosolo la Zaumoyo, Kupewa Matenda, Kukweza Thanzi, Maphunziro a Zaumoyo