Zinthu zoteteza thupi lathu: Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza maselo a B!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti chimfine kapena fuluwenza zimatha bwanji m'masiku ochepa? Kapena momwe katemera wa ana amatitetezera ku matenda enaake kwa moyo wathu wonse? Kumbuyo kwa zonsezi kuli gulu laling'ono koma lamphamvu kwambiri mkati mwa matupi athu, losaoneka ndi maso. Lero tikambirana za msilikali wapadera kwambiri m'gulu limenelo. Amenewo ndi maselo a B.

Mwachidule, kodi maselo a B amenewa ndi ndani?

Maselo a B ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera m'thupi lathu. Kunena zoona, ndi mtundu wapadera wa maselo omwe ali m'gulu la maselo oyera otchedwa ma lymphocytes. Tangoganizani kuti thupi lathu ndi dziko lalikulu. Ndiye chitetezo chathu cha mthupi ndi gulu lankhondo la dzikolo. Pali magulu osiyanasiyana ankhondo m'gululi. Mofananamo, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo m'thupi lathu.

Pakati pa izi, maselo a B ali ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amapanga zida zolimbana ndi adani monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha zida izi kuti ma antibodies . Mapuloteni awa otchedwa ma antibodies amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu.

Pamodzi ndi maselo a B, membala wina wofunikira wa chitetezo chathu chamthupi ndi maselo a T. Ngakhale kuti maselo a B ali ngati mafakitale omwe amapanga zida, maselo a T ali ngati akuluakulu ankhondo omwe amapita molunjika kunkhondo kukawononga adani kapena kutsogolera nkhondo. Pamodzi, awiriwa amatiteteza ku matenda.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo a B.

Monga momwe zilili m'magulu athu achitetezo, pali magulu a maselo a B omwe amachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pali mitundu iwiri makamaka.

Njira yodabwitsa yomwe maselo a B amagwira ntchito

Mmene maselo a B amachitira pamene kachilombo kalowa m'thupi ndi kovuta kwambiri, ndipo n'zodabwitsa kwambiri. Tiyeni timvetse m'njira zosavuta.

1. Kuzindikira mdani: Choyamba, "selo yoteteza" (selo yoteteza majeremusi - APC) m'thupi lathu la chitetezo chamthupi imagwira mdani (kachilombo/mabakiteriya) omwe alowa m'thupi. Pamwamba pa adani awa, pali chizindikiro chapadera chomwe chingawazindikire. Chimatchedwa antigen . Chili ngati tattoo pa thupi la chigawenga. Selo yoteteza imagwira mdani uyu ndikuonetsa antigen yake (tattoo) pamwamba pake. Zili ngati kuwonetsa aliyense kuti "Uyu ndi wakuba."

2. Kudziwitsa olamulira: Chizindikiro cha mdani chomwe chikuwonetsedwa motere chimawonedwa ndi mtsogoleri wapadera mu gulu lathu lankhondo, kutanthauza, selo lothandizira la T. Selo la T likangowona izi, limayamba kugwira ntchito. Iye ndiye amene adzapereka lamulo ku maselo a B.

3. Kuyambitsa maselo a B: Selo ya T yoyambitsidwa imapita ndikugwira ntchito ku selo ya B yoyenera, kutumiza chizindikiro kuti "ikonzekere nkhondo." Selo ya B ikalandira chizindikirochi, imayamba kugawikana, ndikupanga makope zikwizikwi (ma clones) ake.

4. Kugawikana m'magulu awiri: Maselo ena a B omwe amapangidwa mwanjira imeneyi amakhala maselo a plasma . Gawo lina limakhala maselo okumbukira ndipo limakhala lokonzeka kumenyana mtsogolo.

5. Kuukira kwa ma antibodies:Akakhala maselo a plasma, amayamba kupanga mamiliyoni a ma antibodies omwe adapangidwa kuti agwire mdani woyambirira. Ma antibodies amenewa ali ngati mivi yolowera m'thupi. Amapita ndi kumamatira kwa adani m'thupi lonse, kuwawononga kapena kuwaletsa kugwira ntchito. Umu ndi momwe timachiritsira matenda.

Kodi maselo a B amapangidwa kuti m'thupi lathu?

Tikakhala m'mimba mwa amayi athu ngati makanda, maselo a B amapangidwa m'chiwindi. Koma titabadwa, maselo a B amapangidwa m'mafupa athu. Mafupa ndi gawo lopanda siponji la mafupa athu akuluakulu. Maselo a B awa amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo oyambira a hematopoietic komweko. Akakhwima, maselo a B awa amapita ku spleen ndi lymph nodes, zomwe ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za dongosolo lathu la lymphatic, ndipo amapita kuntchito.

Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani ngati ntchito ya maselo a B yasokonekera?

Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi sichigwira ntchito bwino nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, kusintha kwa ntchito ya maselo a B kungayambitse matenda aakulu.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati mulingo wa maselo anu a B ndi wabwinobwino?

Munthu wamkulu amakhala ndi ma lymphocyte pakati pa 1,000 ndi 4,800 pa microliter iliyonse ya magazi. Mwa ma lymphocyte awa, pakati pa 10% ndi 20% ndi maselo a B.

Kuyezetsa magazi kwathunthu (CBC) komwe dokotala wanu wachita kungakupatseni lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte m'thupi lanu. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza maselo anu a B, muyenera kuyesedwa mwapadera kotchedwa lymphocyte profile . Kutengera ndi zotsatira za mayesowa, dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angadziwe ngati milingo ya maselo anu a B ndi yokwera kapena yotsika komanso chomwe chimayambitsa. Chifukwa chake ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza kuyezetsa magazi kwanu, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi timasunga bwanji chitetezo chathu chamthupi ndi maselo a B kukhala olimba?

Palibe mankhwala enieni ochiritsira kuchuluka kwa maselo a B mwachilengedwe. Komabe, mwa kusunga chitetezo chathu chamthupi chathanzi komanso champhamvu, tingathandize maselo athu a B kuchita ntchito yawo moyenera. Ngakhale izi zingawoneke ngati zinthu zosavuta kwa inu, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti chitetezo chathu chisagwire ntchito mopitirira muyeso.

• Pezani katemera onse ofunikira: Katemera ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yophunzitsira maselo athu okumbukira B.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Phatikizani zakudya zokhala ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri monga ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndi masamba obiriwira.
• Kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo: Kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri kumafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Mutha kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo kudzera mu zinthu monga kusinkhasinkha, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa.
• Pewani kumwa mowa ndi kusuta: Izi zimawononga chitetezo cha mthupi mwachindunji.
• Gonani mokwanira: Kugona bwino kwa maola 7-8 patsiku ndikofunikira kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chibwererenso.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono kwa mphindi zosachepera 150 pa sabata ndikwabwino kwambiri pa thanzi lanu.
• Khalani aukhondo: Kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse ndi sopo kungathandize kupewa kufalikira kwa majeremusi osafunikira.

Maselo a B ndi ngwazi zazing'ono m'thupi lathu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwakachetechete koma nthawi zonse. Popanda iwo, sitingathe kupanga ma antibodies. Popanda ma antibodies, ngakhale chimfine chokha chingatidwalitse kwambiri. Choncho, tiyeni tonse tiyesetse kusamalira ma antibodies athu ang'onoang'ono awa ndikusunga chitetezo chathu chamthupi chili cholimba.