Kodi muli ndi vuto ndi valavu ya m'mapapo ya mtima wanu? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi! (Matenda a Valuvu ya M'mapapo)

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kupsinjika pang'ono pachifuwa panu, kuvutika kupuma, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono? Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za vuto la valavu yanu ya m'mapapo, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati chipata chaching'ono mumtima mwanu. Musadandaule, tikambirana izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosavuta lero. Kumvetsetsa izi kukupatsani mpumulo waukulu.

Kodi Matenda a Pulmonary Valve ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, Matenda a Ma valve a M'mapapo ndi vuto lililonse lomwe valavu ya m'mapapo, yomwe ndi valavu yofunika kwambiri mumtima mwathu, sigwira ntchito bwino. Taganizirani ngati mlonda wa pachipata. Ndilo lomwe limalola magazi kudutsa kuchokera m'chipinda chapansi kumbali yakumanja ya mtima wanu, Right Ventricle , kupita ku mtsempha waukulu womwe umanyamula magazi kupita ku mapapo, Pulmonary Artery . Magazi akafika m'mapapo, amatenga mpweya watsopano. Kenako, magazi odzaza ndi mpweya amafalikira m'thupi lonse, kupatsa moyo maselo athu.

Kotero, ngati pali vuto ndi valavu ya m'mapapo iyi, zimakhala zovuta kuti magazi anu afike m'mapapo anu. Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani? Minofu, maselo, ndi ziwalo za thupi zimalandira mpweya mochedwa. Izi zili ngati chitoliro cha madzi chomwe chimatsekeka ndipo madzi amachepa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tili ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Kodi mitundu ya matenda a pulmonary valve ndi iti?

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya matenda a pulmonary valve. Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule zomwe zili:

1. Kubwezeretsa Valavu ya M'mapapo: Apa ndi pamene valavu siitseka bwino, ndipo magazi ena amatuluka m'mbuyo. Taganizirani ngati pompo yamadzi yomwe siitsekedwa bwino ndipo imatuluka madzi pang'onopang'ono. Kenako mtima umayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti ukankhire magaziwo patsogolo.

2. Kutsekeka kwa Valavu ya M'mapapo: Apa ndi pamene valavu imachepa, kapena molondola, imatsekeka. Izi zimapeputsa njira yoti magazi ayende. Taganizirani ngati kufinya chitoliro cha madzi, chomwe chimapeputsa njira yoti madzi ayende. Izi zimapangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti ukankhire magazi patsogolo.

3. Kutsekeka kwa Mtima m'mapapo: Ili ndi vuto lalikulu. Izi zimachitika mwana akabadwa ndi valavu yomwe sinapangidwe kapena sinakule bwino . Ili ndi matenda a mtima obadwa nawo.

Kodi Matenda a Pulmonary Valve ndi ofala bwanji?

Tiyeni tiwone momwe matenda amenewa alili ofala.

Kubwerera kwa magazi m'mapapo (kutuluka kwa magazi m'mbuyo kudzera mu valavu) n'kofala kwambiri.Anthu ena amabadwa ndi kapangidwe ka valavu kosiyana pang'ono. Anthu omwe ali ndi kusiyana kumeneku m'thupi amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza valavu yobwerera m'mapapo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, imakhala yofatsa kwambiri. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndi chinthu choopa kapena kuchiza. Kwa anthu ambiri, sichimayambitsa mavuto akulu.

Kuchepa kwa valavu ya m'mapapo (kuchepa kwa valavu) kumachitika mwa anthu pafupifupi 7% omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima obadwa nawo.

Ku United States, pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa ana 7,000 amabadwa ndi pulmonary atresia (kusakhalapo kwa valve pobadwa). Ngakhale kuti ziwerengero mdziko lathu sizili zolondola, izi ndi vuto lomwe liyenera kuganiziridwa.

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa zingakhale zotani?

Zizindikiro za Matenda a Pulmonary Valve zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa: Kumamveka ngati chifuwa chanu chikufinyidwa, nthawi zina ngakhale mutapuma.
• Kutopa: Kungomva kutopa, kumva ngati wofooka kwambiri moti sungathe kuchita chilichonse.
• Kusamva bwino mutu: Kumva chizungulire, nthawi zina kukomoka.
• Kupuma movutikira: Kuvutika kupuma, kupuma movutikira, ngakhale poyenda pang'ono kapena kukwera masitepe.
• Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Sindikufuna kuthamanga, kulumpha, kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi monga kale, ndipo ngakhale nditachita, ndimatopa msanga.

Koma kumbukirani, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la stenosis yochepa kapena regurgitation yochepa sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mayeso azachipatala ndi ofunikira.

Ngati mwana ali ndi matenda a Pulmonary Atresia, akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lopuma, kuvutika kudya, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tulo, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu pakhungu lake (Cyanosis). Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe muyenera kusamala nacho kwambiri. Monga makolo, ngati muwona chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pulmonary valve?

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

• Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda a M'mapapo: Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zovuta kupeza chifukwa chenicheni cha izi. Komabe, vutoli likhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda enaake a majini kapena ngati mayi atenga matenda monga rubella panthawi ya mimba. Rubella ndi matenda omwe angakhudze mwana wosabadwayo, choncho ndikofunikira kusamala panthawi ya mimba.
• Zifukwa za kubwereranso kwa valve ya pulmonary:Izi zitha kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi (makamaka kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo), endocarditis, rheumatic fever, ndi zina zotero. Zingayambitsidwenso ndi mavuto ena a mtima obadwa nawo kapena chithandizo chawo. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima lotchedwa Tetralogy of Fallot.
• Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuchuluka kwa Matenda a M'mapapo: Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chenicheni cha matendawa sichidziwika. Komabe, akuganiza kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini a mwana wosabadwayo, kukhudzana ndi poizoni wopezeka m'chilengedwe panthawi ya mimba, kapena zomwe mayi amamwa.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angayambitse matendawa?

Matenda a pulmonary valve amachititsa kuti ventricle yakumanja ya mtima wanu izigwira ntchito molimbika kuti ipompe magazi kupita ku mapapo anu. Izi zitha kuwononga mtima wanu ndikupangitsa kuti ukule. Ngakhale sizichitika kawirikawiri, ngati vutoli likula kwambiri, lingayambitse kulephera kwa mtima . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtima wanu sungathe kupompa magazi okwanira kupita ku thupi lanu.

Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Pulmonary Atresia amatha kudwala matenda a chiwindi komanso mtima wawo kugunda molakwika, choncho chithandizo chachangu n'chofunika.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, ngati akumva phokoso losazolowereka akamamvetsera mtima wanu (ndi stethoscope ) , kungakhale chizindikiro cha Pulmonary Regurgitation kapena Pulmonary Stenosis. Kung'ung'udza kumeneku ndi phokoso losazolowereka lopangidwa ndi magazi omwe akuyenda kudzera m'ma valve.

Ndi mayeso otani omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe vutoli?

Dokotala angachite mayeso otsatirawa kuti atsimikizire matenda a valavu ya m'mapapo:

• Echocardiogram ya mwana wosabadwa: Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira matenda monga Pulmonary Atresia mwana asanabadwe.
• Echocardiogram (Echo): Izi zitha kuyang'ana zinthu zambiri, monga momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito komanso momwe ma valve alili. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira 'Atresia', 'Stenosis' kapena 'Regurgitation'. Zili ngati kujambula chithunzi cha mtima pogwiritsa ntchito mawu.
• Kuyeza kwa Pulse Oximetry: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi ngati munthu wadwala `atresia`. Ndi njira yosavuta yoyezera yomwe imachitika poika chogwirira pa chala chake.
• Kukonza Catheterization ya Mtima: Izi zimachitika pakakhala vuto la `Atresia` kapena `Stenosis`. Njira yomwe chubu chaching'ono chimadutsa mumtsempha wamagazi kupita kumtima kuti chiyese kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo ngati pakufunika, kuchichiza.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Izi zimachitika kuti ziwone momwe magetsi a mtima amagwirira ntchito pakakhala vuto la `Atresia` kapena `Regurgitation`.
• MRI ya Mtima (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi zimathandiza kujambula zithunzi za mtima mwatsatanetsatane pakakhala vuto la `Stenosis` kapena `Regurgitation`.
• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Izi zimathandiza kuona kukula kwa mtima ndi momwe mapapo alili pankhani ya `regurgitation`.

Kodi matenda a pulmonary valve amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha izi chimasiyana malinga ndi matenda omwe muli nawo. Nthawi zina zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndi mankhwala, nthawi zina zimatha kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Mankhwala ndi mankhwala enaake

Pali njira zingapo zochizira matenda a pulmonary valve:

• Kupaka Valvuloplasty ya Baluni: Izi zimachitika kuti zikulitse valavu yopapatiza ya m'mapapo. Izi zimachitika poika chipangizo chaching'ono chonga baluni mu valavuyo ndikuchifukiza.
• Mankhwala kapena kuika stent (ya ``Atresia``): Izi zimachitika kuti ``Ductus Arteriosus``, mtsempha wamagazi womwe umatseka msanga mwana akabadwa, ukhale wotseguka. Kusunga chubu ichi chotseguka kumathandiza kuti magazi aziyenda kupita ku mapapo.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya madzi m'thupi: Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti aletse kusungidwa kwa madzi m'thupi chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera m'ma valve. Amachititsa kuti thupi litulutse madzi ochulukirapo kudzera mu mkodzo.
• Mankhwala a Kuthamanga kwa Magazi M'mapapo (kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo) kapena Endocarditis (matenda a mtima) (a Regurgitation): Mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti athetse mavutowa.
• Njira ya Transcatheter kapena opaleshoni yotsegula mtima: Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza valavu yotuluka kapena kuyika valavu yatsopano.

Zovuta/zotsatira zoyipa za chithandizo

Ana ena amavutika kudya akachitidwa opaleshoni, ndipo angafunike kudyetsedwa kudzera mu chubu chaching'ono kudzera mu mphuno zawo (kudyetsa mwana kudzera mu chubu).

Pambuyo posintha valavu, mwana wanu ayenera kumwa mankhwala opha tizilombo akamachita opaleshoni ya mano. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mtima otchedwa endocarditis.

Valvu ya m'mapapo ikakonzedwa, imatha kutulukanso, ndipo dokotala angafunike kuikulitsa kapena kuisintha.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni iliyonse, pali mwayi wochepa woti munthu atenge matenda kapena kutuluka magazi, koma madokotala amasamala kwambiri pankhaniyi.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire pambuyo pa chithandizo?

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya `Pulmonary Atresia`, mwana wanu adzakhala m'chipatala kwa pafupifupi sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya `Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation`, kuchira kungatenge milungu, ngakhale miyezi. Pambuyo pa `Valvuloplasty` ya `Pulmonary Stenosis`, muyenera kupewa kuchita zinthu zolemetsa kwa pafupifupi sabata imodzi.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati muli ndi matenda a pulmonary valve?

Zomwe mwakumana nazo ndi matendawa zingakhale zosiyana ndi za wina. Anthu ena ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri ndipo sangafunike opaleshoni. Ena angafunike opaleshoni yoposa imodzi ya pulmonary valve m'moyo wawo wonse.

Chiyembekezo cha matenda a pulmonary valve

Chiyembekezo cha ana omwe ali ndi valvuloplasty chifukwa cha stenosis ya valve ya m'mapapo ndi chabwino kwambiri . Nthawi zambiri safuna china chilichonse kupatula kukayezetsa pafupipafupi ndi dokotala wa mtima wa ana. Anthu ena angafunike kukulitsa valve yawo kachiwiri patatha zaka pafupifupi 15.

Matenda a m'mapapo amatha kupha ngati sanachiritsidwe, koma ana ambiri amakhalabe ndi moyo mpaka atakula pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Chiyembekezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira kapena pang'ono ndi chabwino. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu, chiyembekezocho chimadalira momwe amalandira chithandizo mwachangu.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezochi?

Simungachepetse chiopsezo cha mwana wanu kudwala matenda a pulmonary valve, matenda omwe amabuka popanda chifukwa chodziwika. Koma ngati mukukonzekera kutenga pakati, onetsetsani kuti mwalandira katemera wa rubella.

Mukhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation mwa kupewa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli, monga Pulmonary Hypertension, Endocarditis, ndi Rheumatic Fever.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Sinthani zinthu zomwe mungathe kuzilamulira ndikusunga mtima wanu wathanzi.

• Yesetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi anu.
• Pewani fodya kotheratu.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kungoyenda kwa mphindi 30 patsiku ndikwabwino.
• Idyani zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa kapena zopanda mafuta ambiri. Zakudya zathu zakomweko ndizoyenera kwambiri pa izi.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Musaphonye nthawi yanu yokumana ndi dokotala wa mtima. Iye akhoza kuyang'ana ngati valavu yanu ikugwirabe ntchito bwino. Iye angafunenso kubwereza mayeso ena omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda anu poyamba. Mwachitsanzo:

• Echocardiogram (Echo)
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography - Kujambula kwa CT)
• MRI ya Mtima
• EKG (Electrocardiogram - EKG)

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Pangozi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga:

• Kukomoka pafupipafupi.
• Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma.
• Kumva ngati mtima wanu ukugunda mofulumira (Heart Palpitations).
• Zizindikiro za matenda kapena kutuluka magazi, monga kutentha thupi ndi magazi m'chimbudzi, pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mungathe kufunsa dokotala mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa ine (kapena mwana wanga) ndi chiti?
• Kodi mukudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda anga (kapena a mwana wanga) a Pulmonary Valve?
• Kodi ine (kapena mwana wanga) ndimafunika kukuonani kangati?
• Kodi pali magulu othandizira makolo a ana omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima?

Pomaliza, uthenga wopita nawo kunyumba

Ndizachilendo kumva kusakhazikika pang'ono mukazindikira kuti mwana wanu (kapena mtima wanu) ali ndi Matenda a Ma valve a M'mapapo. Koma musadandaule. Madokotala a mtima nthawi zonse amakumana ndi mavuto amtunduwu a ma valve. Angagwiritse ntchito zomwe akumana nazo kuti adziwe chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu kapena mwana wanu.

Musaope kufunsa mafunso okhudza chilichonse chomwe simukumvetsa. Pitani ku mayeso onse omwe dokotala wanu walamula, ndipo imwani mankhwala onse omwe mwapatsidwa pa nthawi yake. Simuli nokha, ndipo pali madokotala, anamwino, ndi banja lanu kuti akuthandizeni paulendowu. Kukhala ndi chiyembekezo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchiritse mwachangu.

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