Kodi mwana wanu akumva ngati sakukondani? Ikhoza kukhala Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)!

Amayi ndi Abambo, kodi mudawonapo kapena kumvapo za ana aang'ono omwe sasonyeza chikondi kapena chikondi kwa osamalira awo, ngakhale makolo awo? Zili ngati ali okha m'dziko lawo. Izi ndi nkhani yomvetsa chisoni kwambiri, ndipo pali chifukwa chachipatala. Lero tikulankhula za vuto limodzi lotere, lotchedwa `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).'

Kodi 'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` ndi vuto lomwe mwana wamng'ono sangathe kupanga ubale wabwino wamaganizo ndi osamalira ake, monga amayi ndi abambo ake. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti mwanayo sanalandire chikondi choyenera chamaganizo ndi chitetezo ali mwana, kapena ananyalanyazidwa kapena kuzunzidwa. Ana omwe ali ndi `RAD` amavutika kulamulira malingaliro awo. Amavutikanso kwambiri kupanga ubale wapamtima ndi ena. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, nthawi zina ngakhale osamalira awo ali achikondi komanso okoma mtima, ana awa sangawayandikire, ndipo angawoneke ngati amantha.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana aang'ono omwe amanyalanyazidwa mwakuthupi kapena m'maganizo kapena kuzunzidwa. Komabe, amathanso kukhudza ana okalamba. Ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga RAD ndi awa:

• Osamalira ana ambiri: Tangoganizirani mwana akusamutsidwa kuchoka ku nyumba ina yosungira ana kupita ku ina, kapena kuchoka ku banja lina lolera ana kupita ku lina, ndipo sangathe kupanga ubale wokhazikika ndi wina aliyense.
• Kulekana pambuyo pa chikondi: Mwana akayamba kugwirizana kwambiri ndi womusamalira wamkulu, ayenera kulekana naye.
• Kutayika koopsa pa moyo wake wachinyamata: Ngati mwana wakumana ndi mavuto akuluakulu kapena zopinga zingapo ali wamng'ono zomwe sangathe kuzipirira.
• Makolo omwe sayesa kukhala pafupi ndi ana awo: Makolo ena kapena osamalira ana awo sayesetsa kukhala pafupi ndi ana awo.
• Kukhazikitsa bungwe: Ngati muyenera kukhala pamalo ngati malo osungira ana amasiye, opanda chikondi cha makolo.

Nthawi zina, makolo olera ana, osadziwa zambiri za mbiri ya mwanayo, angavutike kugwirizana ndi mwana watsopanoyo m'banjamo. Makamaka ngati mwanayo ali ndi kusakhazikika kwa maganizo. Ngati ndinu kholo latsopano, mwana wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro za `RAD`, kapena mukuvutika kulumikizana ndi mwana wanu, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu kuti akaone ngati ali ndi vutoli.

Kodi vuto la `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` ndi lofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, n'kovuta kunena momwe izi zimachitikira kawirikawiri, chifukwa milandu yambiri siinenedwa. Komabe, akuti pakati pa 1% ndi 2% ya ana akhoza kukhala ndi RAD. Ana omwe amachotsedwa m'nyumba zawo ndikuyikidwa m'malo ena, monga malo osungira ana amasiye, ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza RAD. Pafupifupi theka la ana awa amavutika kupanga ubale ndi ena pakapita nthawi.

Kodi zizindikiro za `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za RAD zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mwana, koma zina mwa zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono ndi izi:

• Kusasonyeza malingaliro abwino: Akakhala ndi ena, sasonyeza malingaliro abwino monga chitonthozo, chikondi, ndi chimwemwe.
• Kupewa kuyang'ana maso ndi thupi: Kusafuna kuyang'ana munthu m'maso kapena kumugwira.
• Kusonyeza mantha ndi mkwiyo: Kukwiya nthawi zonse, kulira, ndi chisoni.
• Kuyesa kulamulira: Amayesetsa kulamulira zinthu zowazungulira. Izi zimawapangitsa kuswa malamulo.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa `Inhibited Reactive Attachment Disorder` ndi `Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)` ndi kotani?

Vuto lina lokhudzana ndi `Inhibited Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` ndi `Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED).` Koma pali kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

`RAD` (Yoletsedwa)

Ana omwe ali ndi `RAD` amadziwa zomwe zikuchitika mozungulira iwo, koma sachitapo kanthu mwamaganizo. Sasonyeza kapena kufunafuna chikondi kuchokera kwa osamalira kapena ena. Amakonda kukhala okha. Makhalidwe ake ndi awa:

• Kupewa osamalira.
• Kupewa zochitika za anthu.
• Amakana zinthu zotonthoza (monga kukumbatirana).

`DSED` (Yosaletsedwa - yotseguka kunja, koma yopanda malire)

Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la `Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)` angakhale ochezeka kwambiri ndi alendo. Angawatsatire popanda kufunsa makolo awo. Nthawi zambiri, ana awa amachita zinthu mochepera zaka zawo ndipo angapemphe chikondi kwa ena mosadziteteza. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Palibe maubwenzi osankha (monga momwe zilili ndi wina aliyense).
• Kufunafuna chidwi kuchokera kwa aliyense.
• Kuchita zinthu mosayenera msinkhu wa munthu.
• Samvetsa malire a chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Mwachitsanzo, mwana yemwe ali ndi `RAD` angadzipatula kwa ena pa phwando ndikukhala pakona yekha. Koma mwana yemwe ali ndi `DSED` angapite kukalankhula ndi aliyense amene sakumudziwa, mwina ngakhale kukwera m'mapazi awo. Onse awiri ali ndi mavuto achikondi, koma momwe amalankhulira ndi osiyana.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti za `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Palibe chifukwa chimodzi chokha chomwe ana omwe ali ndi RAD amakhalira ndi vutoli.Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mwana sangathe kugwirizana ndi osamalira ake:

• Kuzunzidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa: Mwanayo amamva ngati watayidwa komanso ali yekha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati makolo ake amakangana nthawi zambiri ndipo samayang'anira mwanayo, mwanayo salandira chikondi ndi chikondi chomwe akufuna.
• Kusowa chakudya: Pamene mwana salandira chakudya ndi chakumwa chokwanira, chomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
• Nkhawa za chitetezo: Ngati mwanayo akumva mantha kuti ali pachiwopsezo.
• Kusayera: Mwana amakhala m'matewera onyowa kwa maola ambiri, ngati palibe amene amawasintha.
• Kusintha pafupipafupi kwa osamalira: Mwanayo sangadziwe woti azimukhulupirira.
• Kusamaliridwa kosasinthasintha: Ngati zosowa za mwana zimakwaniritsidwa nthawi zina, makamaka ngati mwanayo sakudziwa nthawi yoyembekezera chikondi ndi chitonthozo kuchokera kwa osamalira.

Ana aang'ono amapanga ubale wabwino ngati zosowa zawo zofunika zikukwaniritsidwa nthawi zonse komanso mosalekeza . Izi zimalimbitsa chikhulupiriro pakati pa mwana ndi osamalira. Ngati zosowa za mwana zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo sizikukwaniritsidwa bwino, ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi `RAD`.

Kodi matenda a `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` amapezedwa bwanji?

Kuti adziwe matenda a RAD, dokotala wa mwana wanu adzakufunsani za mbiri ya matenda a mwana wanu komanso zizindikiro zomwe mwana wanu akuwonetsa. Kuti amvetse bwino zizindikiro za mwana wanu, dokotalayo angafunse mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi mwana wanu anazunzidwapo kapena kunyalanyazidwa?
• Kodi munayamba liti kuzindikira zizindikiro izi?
• Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe munaziona poyamba?
• Kodi ubale wanu ndi mwana wanu uli bwanji?
• Kodi moyo wanu uli bwanji?
• Kodi pali osamalira ena omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mwanayo?

Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi RAD, mwina angakutumizireni inu ndi mwana wanu kwa dokotala wa ana, katswiri wa zamaganizo, komanso katswiri wa matenda amisala kuti akuthandizeni kuzindikira vuto la mwana wanu ndikukupatsani chithandizo chomwe chingathandize.

Kodi n'zotheka kusokoneza `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` ndi `Autism Spectrum Disorder`?

Asanaganize kuti mwana ali ndi `RAD`, dokotalayo adzachita mayeso kuti apeze zifukwa zina, makamaka matenda monga `Autism Spectrum Disorder`. `Autism Spectrum Disorder` ndi vuto la kukula lomwe limakhudza khalidwe la munthu komanso kulankhulana kwake. Poyera, likhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi `RAD`. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti nkhanza kapena kunyalanyaza si chifukwa cha `Autism Spectrum Disorder`, koma kungakhudze kuzindikira `RAD`.

Kodi `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Cholinga chachikulu pakuchiza matenda a RAD ndikupanga ubale wabwino pakati pa ana ndi osamalira awo.ndi/kapena kubwezeretsa ubale woopsa komanso wovuta. Mankhwalawa amalimbitsa mwana m'maganizo, zomwe zimathandiza mwanayo kukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi ena. Ana ndi osamalira onse amapindula ndi mapulani awa a chithandizo. Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Kuchiza Maganizo/Uphungu: Mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo amagwira ntchito ndi mwana ndi makolo kuti awathandize kukhala ndi luso labwino la malingaliro ndikuchepetsa machitidwe ovuta omwe amasokoneza ubale wawo.
• Chithandizo cha Banja: Izi zimaphatikizapo osamalira ana ndi mwana kugwira ntchito limodzi kuti athandize kupanga njira zabwino zolankhulirana.
• Kuthandiza pa Maluso Othandiza Anthu: Chithandizochi chimaphunzitsa mwana momwe angakhalire bwino ndi ana ena a msinkhu womwewo m'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino yocheza. Makolo nawonso amachita nawo izi, kuthandiza mwana kugwiritsa ntchito maluso omwe aphunzirawa kunja kwa chithandizo.
• Maphunziro Apadera: Ngati mwana akufunikira, mapulogalamu a kusukulu angathandize ana kuphunzira maluso omwe amafunikira kuti apambane pamaphunziro komanso pagulu.
• Makalasi a Luso la Kulera Ana: M'magawo awa, makolo angaphunzire njira zothandiza kwambiri zothanirana ndi machitidwe ovuta a ana awo.

Kodi pali mavuto ena omwe angagwirizane ndi `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Inde, ana omwe ali ndi `RAD` ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mavuto osiyanasiyana paubwana wawo ndi unyamata wawo chifukwa cha kunyalanyazidwa ndi kuzunzidwa mwakuthupi, m'maganizo, komanso pagulu. Mavutowa angaphatikizepo:

• Kuchedwa kwa chitukuko ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa thupi.
• Mavuto amaganizo, mwachitsanzo, kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa, matenda ovutika maganizo pambuyo pa zoopsa (PTSD), ndi mavuto oletsa mkwiyo.
• Matenda a kudya.
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Mavuto kusukulu (mavuto a kuphunzira ndi/kapena khalidwe).
• Mavuto muubwenzi (ndi anzanu, akuluakulu, kenako okondedwa).
• Makhalidwe oipa, mwachitsanzo kuchita chiwerewere ali aang'ono kapena pafupipafupi.

Kodi mwana wanga adzakhala ndi ubale wabwino nthawi yayitali bwanji atatha kulandira chithandizo?

Popanda chithandizo, ana omwe ali ndi RAD amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro mpaka atakula. Zingakhudze momwe amagwirira ntchito m'gulu. Chithandizo ndi njira yayitali yomwe imapereka chithandizo chamaganizo kwa mwana. Chingafunike ngakhale moyo wonse. Palibe nthawi yokhazikika yodziwira nthawi yomwe mwana wanu adzakhala ndi ubale wabwino. Komabe, chithandizo chothandizidwa ndi osamalira chimapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Njira yabwino yopewera RAD ndiyo kuthandiza ana kukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi makolo awo komanso/kapena osamalira ena oyamba. Ubale wabwino umapangidwa pamene osamalira achita izi:

• Kulimbikitsa ubale wa m'banja kudzera mu ubale wokhazikika komanso wotetezeka.
• Kupangitsa ana kumva kuti akukondedwa komanso kulandiridwa.
• Kuthandiza ana pamlingo wosiyanasiyana wa kukula kwawo.
• Nthawi zonse mukwaniritse zosowa za mwana.

Kodi ndingathandize bwanji mwana wanga kumanga ubale wabwino ndi iye?

Monga wosamalira, mutha kuthandiza mwana wanu kukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi ena mwa:

• Kukhazikitsa malire: Malo okhazikika ndi abwino kwa ana onse. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsa malire ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndi malire oyenera komanso chilango choyenera, osati chakuthupi, ana amamvetsetsa zomwe akuyembekezeka kuchita komanso zomwe zingachitike ngati aswa malamulo. Izi zimachepetsa mantha a ana ndikuwathandiza kuti azichita zinthu moyenera.
• Khalani chete mwana wanu akachita zinthu molakwika: Mwana wanu akachita zinthu molakwika, khalani chete; musachitepo kanthu ngati mwakwiya. Langani mwana wanu motsatira malamulo omwe mudakhazikitsa kale komanso omwe mwana wanu akudziwa. Mwana wanu akakhazikika mtima ndipo wakonzeka kukhala ndi ubale wabwino, sonyezani chikondi ndi kukoma mtima. Izi zimasonyeza mwana wanu kuti muli naye, ngakhale panthawi zovuta.
• Onetsani chikondi ndi chisamaliro nthawi zonse: Khalani nokha ndi mwana wanu. Lankhulani naye, muimbireni nyimbo, sewerani naye. Mugwireni, mukumbatireni, kapena chitani zinthu zina zomwe zimamusonyeza chikondi ndi chikondi kuchokera kwa womusamalira. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti ana ena sangaloledwe kumvera chikondi chamtunduwu kuposa ena. Kuletsa chikondi ndi chikondi si chilango chovomerezeka.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati ndili ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Ana ambiri omwe amalandira chithandizo cha RAD amakhala ndi ubale wabwino komanso wokhazikika ndi osamalira awo oyamba komanso anthu ena m'miyoyo yawo. Ana omwe salandira chithandizo ali pachiwopsezo cha mavuto amisala omwe amapitilira. Mwamwayi, sikuchedwa kufunafuna chithandizo cha matenda amisala komanso amisala, kuphatikizapo RAD. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira zinthu izi:

• Ana ambiri oleredwa m'malo osungira ana amasiye amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wokhazikika. Si mwana aliyense woleredwa amene amakhala ndi moyo wabwino.
• Ana omwe adakumana ndi zoopsa kwambiri m'mbuyomu akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingawabweretsere mavuto amisala komanso machitidwe. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa panthawi ya mimba, kapena mbiri ya banja la matenda amisala, zingayambitse matenda a RAD.

Kodi `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` yakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugwirizana (RAD) ndi vuto lomwe limakhalapo kwa moyo wonse. Komabe, chithandizo ndi chithandizo zingathandize mwana kukhala ndi ubale wabwino pa moyo wake wonse, komanso zingathandize kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso labwino.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muwona kuti mwana wanu akuvutika kupanga ubale wabwinobwino, kapena ngati muwona zizindikiro zilizonse za `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` mwa mwana wanu, onani dokotala wa mwana wanu nthawi yomweyo kuti akuwunikireni kapena akutumizireni kwa katswiri. Kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo kungathandize ana omwe ali ndi vutoli kupeza zotsatira zabwino.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

• Kodi ndiyenera kutumiza mwana wanga ku uphungu?
• Kodi n’chiyani chikuchititsa mwana wanga kusonyeza zizindikiro za `Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?
• Kodi munganditumizire kwa katswiri kapena gulu lothandizira lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi ana ndi mabanja omwe ali ndi matendawa?
• Kodi zizindikiro za mwana wanga zidzasintha akamakula? Kodi pali zinthu zina zomwe ndiyenera kudziwa kwambiri?

Ndikofunikira kugwirizana ndi mwana wanu ndikumuchitira zinthu m'njira yomwe imawapangitsa kumva kuti amakondedwa. Ngati mwana wanu sakukulitsa ubale wabwino ndi inu kapena womusamalira, onani wothandizira wanu wamkulu. Kufunafuna upangiri kapena chithandizo sikutanthauza kuti ndinu kholo loipa. M'malo mwake, kumatsegula chitseko chomanga ubale wolimba, wathanzi, komanso wamoyo wonse ndi mwana wanu.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugwirizana (RAD) si chinthu chodetsa nkhawa nacho. Ana akapezeka msanga, kulandira chithandizo choyenera, komanso malo achikondi komanso okhazikika, amakhala ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wathanzi. Kumbukirani:

• Mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana: Si mwana aliyense amene amalandira chithandizo mofanana. Khalani oleza mtima komanso omvetsetsa.
• Simuli nokha: Pali makolo ena omwe akukumana ndi mavuto ofanana. Pezani thandizo kwa madokotala, alangizi, ndi magulu othandizira.
• Chikondi ndi kukhazikika: Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungapatse mwana ndi chikondi chopanda malire komanso malo okhazikika komanso otetezeka.
• Thandizo la akatswiri: Ngati mukukayikira, musachite manyazi kapena kuopa kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala. Umenewo ndiye thandizo lalikulu kwambiri lomwe mungapatse mwana wanu.

Tonsefe tili ndi udindo wopatsa ana athu ubwana wotetezeka komanso wachikondi. Tiyeni tonse tigwire ntchito limodzi kuti tikwaniritse zimenezo!

Matenda Okhudzana ndi Kugwirizana, RAD, thanzi la maganizo la mwana, kugwirizana kwa maganizo, ubale wa kholo ndi mwana, nkhanza kwa mwana, kunyalanyaza, kukula kwa mwana