Kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a HIV ku Sri Lanka: Kafukufuku wokhudza ubale wa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha

Sudesh (wazaka 23) anabwera ku chipatala changa tsiku limenelo ali ndi mantha kwambiri. Posachedwapa anali atawerenga pa intaneti kuti matenda a HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) akuchulukirachulukira pakati pa achinyamata ku Sri Lanka.

"Dr. Priya, ndimachita mantha kwambiri ndikawona izi. Kodi zinthu zilidi zoipa ku Sri Lanka? N’chifukwa chiyani izi zafalikira, makamaka pakati pa anyamata? Kodi sitingathe kuthawa izi?" Sudesh anafunsa ndi chidwi chachikulu.

Ndinafotokozera Sudesh modekha kuti: "Sudesh, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mufunse funso ili. Chifukwa masiku ano kuwonjezeka kwa kachilombo ka HIV pakati pa achinyamata ku Sri Lanka kwakhala vuto lalikulu la thanzi la anthu. Koma chofunika kwambiri si kuopa izi, koma kudziwa zambiri zolondola zasayansi ndi njira zopewera. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi poyera lero."

Deta ikunena kuti: N’chifukwa chiyani kachilombo ka HIV kakuchulukirachulukira pakati pa anyamata achinyamata?

Ngati tiyang'ana deta yochokera ku Sri Lanka's National Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS Control Program, zikuwoneka kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe apezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV posachedwapa ndi anyamata.

Malinga ndi deta yomwe inanenedwa mu 2022, achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 15-24 ndi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV pafupifupi 12%. Mwa awa, 92% ndi anyamata, ndipo 80% mwa iwo anena kuti adagonana ndi amuna mosadziteteza.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV chanenedwa m'maboma a Colombo, Gampaha, Kalutara ndi Kurunegala m'maboma a Western ndi North-Western, komanso m'boma la Galle m'chigawo cha Southern. Anthu ambiri amapeza kuti ali ndi kachilomboka patatha nthawi yayitali. Panthawiyo, kuchuluka kwa ma CD4 awo (chiwerengero cha maselo oteteza thupi) kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Izi zikusonyeza kuti sanayesere kuyesa matendawa msanga.

N’chifukwa chiyani maubwenzi a amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chofalitsa kachilombo ka HIV?

Zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chiwonjezeke pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) chiwonjezeke:

1. Kuopsa kwa Zachilengedwe: Pa nthawi yogonana ndi munthu m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, minofu yosalala m'malo olumikizirana mafupa imatha kuvulala kapena kukanda mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kachilombo kamene kali m'madzi olumikizirana mafupa kalowe mosavuta m'thupi kudzera m'magazi.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu mochepa: Monga momwe kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wasonyezera, anthu ochepa kwambiri (pafupifupi 18%) omwe ali pachibwenzi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi omwe adagwiritsa ntchito makondomu moyenera panthawi yogonana komaliza.
3. Kusala Anthu: Chifukwa cha mantha a kusala anthu komanso malamulo, anthu ambiri amabisa umunthu wawo wogonana. Izi zimawapangitsa kuti azikana kupita kuzipatala ndi kukayezetsa HIV.

🚨 Zizindikiro zofiira zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuwoneka pakati pa milungu iwiri ndi isanu ndi umodzi kachilombo ka HIV katalowa m'thupi (panthawi ya matenda a seroconversion), ndipo ngati izi zikuwonekera mutakumana ndi munthu wokayikitsa, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kutentha thupi kwambiri kosalekeza komanso thukuta kwambiri usiku.
• Kutaya thupi mwachangu munthawi yochepa popanda chifukwa (Kutaya Thupi Kosafotokozedwa).
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes m'khosi, m'khwapa, kapena m'mimba kwa milungu ingapo.
• Kutsegula m'mimba kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zilonda za mkamwa zosachiritsa kapena matenda a bowa.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV? (Kupewa)

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chikhoza kuthetsedwa kwathunthu potsatira zizolowezi zabwino pa thanzi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu moyenera: Kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu oletsa kubereka moyenera nthawi iliyonse mukagonana kungalepheretse kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV ndi oposa 90%.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis): Izi zimatchedwa pre-exposure prophylaxis . Mankhwalawa, omwe amatengedwa tsiku lililonse ndi anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, amaletsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka ndi pafupifupi 99%.
• Yezetsani nthawi zonse: Aliyense amene akuchita zogonana ayenera kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kamodzi pachaka. Pakadali pano, 86% ya omwe ali ndi kachilombo ku Sri Lanka amadziwa kuti ali ndi kachilomboka, ndipo UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS) ikufuna kuonjezera izi kufika pa 95%.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Ngati kugonana kosadziteteza kukuchitika, chithandizo chadzidzidzichi, chomwe chatengedwa mkati mwa maola 72, chingalepheretse kachilomboka kufalikira m'thupi.

Chithandizo: Kukhala ndi Thanzi ndi HIV

Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV kankaonedwa ngati matenda oopsa kale, njira zamakono zamankhwala zathandiza odwala kukhala ndi moyo wautali ngati munthu wathanzi.

Chithandizo chachikulu ndi ART (Mankhwala Oletsa Kufalikira kwa Kachilombo ka HIV) . Mankhwalawa amaletsa kwathunthu kuchulukana kwa kachilombo m'thupi.

Pafupifupi 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku Sri Lanka pakadali pano akulandira mankhwala a ART, ndipo 87% ya iwo ali ndi kuchuluka kwa ma virus komwe sikungatheke kuwonedwa. Pamene kuchuluka kwa ma virus kulamulidwa kufika pamlingo womwe sungatheke kuwonedwa ngakhale poyesa magazi (Undetectable = Untransmittable), chiopsezo chofalitsa kachilomboka kwa wina chimachepa kufika pa zero (0%).

Zoyenera kuchita ndi zosayenera kuchita

Magwero asayansi (Maumboni)

• 📚 HIV ndi Edzi - NHS
• 📚 Kupambana ndi Mavuto Okhudza Kupewa Kachirombo ka HIV mwa Amuna Ogonana ndi Amuna - PMC