Mwina mwakumanapo ndi mawu akuti ' Stem Cells ' m'mafilimu, m'nkhani, kapena pa intaneti. Ena amati amatha kuchiza matenda aliwonse, pomwe ena amati akhoza kukhala oopsa. Ndiye, kodi maselo oyambira ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi akusinthadi tsogolo la mankhwala? Tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule.
Mwachidule, Kodi Maselo Oyambira Ndi Chiyani?
Taganizirani za dongo. Mutha kuliumba kukhala chidole, mphika, kapena chosema. Maselo oyambira amagwira ntchito mofanana; ndi maselo 'oyambira' kapena 'ambuye' a thupi. Maselo amenewa ali ndi mphamvu ziwiri zodabwitsa:
1. Kudzikonzanso: Selo loyambira limatha kugawikana ndikupanga zina zamtundu wake.
2. Kusiyanitsa: Ichi ndi chinthu chawo chodabwitsa kwambiri. Maselo oyambira amatha kusintha kukhala maselo apadera omwe thupi limafuna. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kukhala maselo a magazi , maselo a ubongo ( ma neuron ), maselo a minofu ya mtima, maselo a khungu , kapena maselo a mafupa .
Palibe selo lina m'thupi lanu lomwe lili ndi luso losiyanasiyana chonchi, ndichifukwa chake madokotala ndi asayansi amasangalala kwambiri ndi luso lawo.
N’chifukwa Chiyani Maselo Oyambira Ndi Ofunika Kwambiri?
Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti maselo oyambira ndi omwe ali ndi chinsinsi cha kusintha kwa chisamaliro chaumoyo mtsogolo. Ndi ofunikira pazifukwa zitatu zazikulu:
| Kufunika | Kufotokozera Kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Mankhwala opangidwa ndi maselo | Tangoganizirani munthu amene ali ndi mtima wovulala. Ngati tingagwiritse ntchito maselo oyambira kukula maselo a minofu ya mtima abwino ndikuyika m'malo owonongeka, zimenezo zikanakhala kusintha. Izi zimadziwika kuti Regenerative Medicine — sayansi yokonzanso kapena kusintha minofu ndi ziwalo zovulala. |
| Kumvetsetsa Kukula kwa Matenda | Poona momwe selo loyambira limasanduka selo la khansa kapena selo lodwala mu labotale, ofufuza amatha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe matenda amayambira ndikukula. Chidziwitso ichi n'chofunikira kwambiri popeza mankhwala atsopano. |
| Kuyesa Mankhwala Atsopano | Tisanayese mankhwala atsopano pa anthu, tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ndi otetezeka komanso ogwira ntchito. Asayansi amatha kupanga maselo enieni a matenda (monga maselo a chiwindi) mu labu pogwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira kuyesa momwe mankhwala amachitira, zomwe zimatithandiza kudziwa bwino tisanayambe kuyesa mankhwala. |
Kodi Mitundu Yaikulu ya Maselo Oyambira Ndi Chiyani?
Kawirikawiri, timagawa maselo oyambira m'magulu awiri akuluakulu:
1. Maselo Oyambira a M'mimba
Awa ndi maselo 'apamwamba' omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, amachokera ku mazira, makamaka omwe atsala kuchokera ku mankhwala oletsa kubereka (mongaIVF ) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza ndi chilolezo cha makolo.
Ma cell amenewa amadziwika kuti `pluripotent`, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kusanduka mtundu uliwonse wa selo m'thupi. Chifukwa cha izi, ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chokonzanso minofu, ngakhale kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kukukambidwabe padziko lonse lapansi.
2. Maselo Oyambira Akuluakulu
Ngakhale dzinali lili ndi dzinali, maselowa amapezeka mwa aliyense—makanda, ana, ndi akuluakulu. Ali ndi mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi maselo a mluza ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'minofu monga mafupa, khungu, ubongo, ndi chiwindi.
Maselo oyambira achikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maselo okhaokha omwe amakhala m'thupi lawo. Mwachitsanzo, maselo oyambira a khungu nthawi zambiri amapanga maselo atsopano a khungu, osati maselo a mtima.
Kupita Patsogolo kwa Sayansi: Maselo a iPS
Asayansi apeza njira yotengera selo wamba la munthu wamkulu, ngati selo la khungu, ndi 'kulikonzanso' mu labotale kuti lizigwira ntchito ngati selo loyamba la mluza. Izi zimatchedwa maselo oyamba a Induced Pluripotent (maselo a iPS) . Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kwatsegula zitseko zatsopano zofufuzira pamene akunyalanyaza nkhawa zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe abwino zokhudzana ndi maselo a mluza.
Kodi Mankhwala Omwe Alipo Panopa Ndi Otani?
Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa chithandizo chamankhwala chotsimikizika ndi kafukufuku woyesera .
Mankhwala Ovomerezeka ndi Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pakadali Pano
Chithandizo chofala komanso chopambana kwambiri masiku ano ndi kuyika maselo oyambira kupanga magazi , komwe nthawi zambiri kumadziwika kuti 'kuika mafupa'.
Ichi ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika cha:
- Khansa ya magazi (monga khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma)
- Matenda ena a magazi (monga Sickle cell anemia)
- Kubwezeretsa mafuta a m'mafupa omwe anawonongedwa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy.
Maselo oyambira awa nthawi zambiri amachokera kwa opereka athanzi kapena kuchokera ku magazi a umbilical cord omwe amatengedwa akangobadwa.
Ziyembekezo za M'tsogolo ndi Kafukufuku Woyesera
Asayansi akuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothandizira maselo oyambira pa matenda ena ambiri. Kumbukirani kuti awa akadali mu gawo loyesera:
- Matenda a Parkinson
- Matenda a Alzheimer
- Matenda a shuga
- Matenda a mtima
- Kuvulala kwa msana
- Matenda a nyamakazi
Chofunika: Ngati chipatala chilichonse chikunena kuti chimapereka 'mankhwala otsimikizika a maselo oyambira' pa matenda awa, samalani kwambiri. Izi si njira zochiritsira zovomerezeka. Nthawi zonse kambiranani njira zotere ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu.
Kodi Mankhwalawa Ndi Otetezeka?
Monga ukadaulo uliwonse watsopano wa zamankhwala, chithandizo cha maselo oyambira chimakhala ndi zoopsa zomwe ofufuza akuyesetsa kuchepetsa:
- Kuopsa kwa Kupangika kwa Chotupa: Chifukwa chakuti maselo oyambira amagawikana mofulumira, pali chiopsezo chakuti akhoza kukula mosalamulirika, ndikupanga zotupa.
- Kuwonongeka kwa majini: Maselo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labu angasinthe majini.
- Kukana Chitetezo cha Mthupi: Chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chikhoza kuzindikira maselo opereka ngati 'olowa m'dziko lina' ndikuwaukira.
- Zoopsa pa Opaleshoni: Njira zofunika pokolola kapena kuika maselo (monga jakisoni mu ubongo kapena mumtima) zimakhala ndi zoopsa pa opaleshoni.
Kufunafuna chithandizo kuchokera ku 'zipatala za maselo oyambira' zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe kapena zomwe sizili zovomerezeka kungakhale koopsa kwambiri. Nthawi zonse muziika patsogolo chisamaliro chotetezeka komanso chozikidwa pa umboni.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Maselo oyambira ndi 'maselo akuluakulu' apadera omwe amatha kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa maselo m'thupi ndipo ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kochiza.
- Pakadali pano, chithandizo chopambana cha maselo oyambira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda enaake a m'magazi.
- Mankhwala a matenda a shuga, matenda a Parkinson, ndi matenda a mtima akadali kufufuzidwa ndipo sanavomerezedwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu onse.
- Musanakhulupirire mfundo zomwe mwapeza pa intaneti zokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha maselo oyambira, chonde tsimikizirani ndi dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wazachipatala woyenerera.
- Samalani ndi 'zipatala za maselo oyambira' zosatsimikizika zomwe zikulonjeza zotsatira zodabwitsa. Musaike thanzi lanu pachiwopsezo.
maselo oyambira, kafukufuku wa maselo oyambira, chithandizo cha maselo oyambira, mankhwala obwezeretsa, kafukufuku wazachipatala, kusamutsa mafuta m'mafupa
