N'zovuta kufotokoza m'mawu zomwe mumamva mukazindikira kuti muli ndi khansa. Koma dokotala akamalankhula za chithandizo ndipo mukumva mawu ngati 'chemotherapy', ndi zachilendo kumva mantha kwambiri, chidwi, komanso kusokonezeka. Chimodzi mwa mankhwala a chemo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa ndi 'Taxane.' Lero, tikambirana izi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse, ngati kuti mukulankhula ndi mnzanu wapamtima.
Kodi Taxane ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, taxanes ndi gulu la mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe amapha maselo a khansa ndikuletsa kukula kwa zotupa. Chemotherapy imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera mankhwalawa m'magazi athu, omwe amayenda m'thupi lonse kuti akapeze ndikuwononga maselo a khansa.
Chomwe chimapangitsa mankhwala a taxane awa kukhala apadera ndichakuti amachokera ku mitengo mwachilengedwe. Choyamba adachotsedwa ku khungwa la mtengo wa 'Yew' . Ndipotu, taxanes ndi imodzi mwa mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a chemo ochokera ku zomera. Mtundu wina ndi gulu la mankhwala otchedwa 'Vinca alkaloids', omwe amachokera ku chomera cha 'Mella'.
Masiku ano, asayansi akuphunzira kapangidwe ka mankhwala a taxanes omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku zomerazi ndipo akugwira ntchito yowapanga m'ma laboratories.
Kodi mankhwalawa amapha bwanji maselo a khansa?
Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa momwe maselo a khansa amafalikira. Khansa imafalikira pogawa selo limodzi la khansa kukhala awiri, lomwe limagawikana kukhala anayi, kenako limachulukana mofulumira. Mu zamankhwala, njira yomwe selo limagawikana m'magulu awiri imatchedwa mitosis .
Zimene mankhwala a taxane amachita zimasokoneza njira yogawanika kwa maselo.
Tangoganizani kuti selo likagawanika, majini omwe ali mkati mwa seloyo ayenera kugawidwa m'magulu awiri ndikutumizidwa ku maselo awiri atsopano. Pali zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa selo zomwe zimathandiza pa ntchitoyi, monga ma chingwe ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimatchedwa ma microtubules . Izi ndi zomwe zimakoka ziwalo zofunika pa maselo awiri atsopanowo.
Mankhwala a taxane akalowetsedwa m'thupi, amapangitsa kuti zingwezi zotchedwa microtubules zikhale zolimba mosafunikira . Kenako sizingapindike kapena kufutukuka bwino. Chifukwa chake, njira yogawa selo m'magawo awiri imayima pakati. Ngati kugawa kumeneku sikungatheke, selo lalikulu limafa pakapita nthawi.
Mankhwala a Taxane amalamulira khansa mwa kuwononga mphamvu ya maselo a khansa yogawanitsa ndikukula.
Kodi mankhwala a khansa a taxane amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitundu iti ya khansa?
Mankhwala a Taxanes ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa. Ena mwa mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo choyamba cha khansa zina, pomwe ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yofalikira.
| Mitundu ya Khansa Yochiritsidwa ndi Taxane | |
|---|---|
| Khansa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri | |
| Khansa ya m'chiberekero | Khansa ya m'mawere |
| Mitundu ina ya khansa yochiritsidwa | |
| Khansa ya chikhodzodzo | Khansa ya pachibelekero |
| Khansa ya m'mimba | Khansa ya mutu ndi khosi |
| Khansa ya prostate | Khansa ya m'mapapo (khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala ya maselo ang'onoang'ono) |
| Khansa ya m'chiberekero | Lymphoma |
Nthawi zina, taxanes amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena a chemotherapy. Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwambiri pa vuto lanu.
Kodi chithandizochi chimaperekedwa bwanji? Ndipo zotsatira zake ndi ziti?
Momwe chithandizochi chimaperekedwera
Ma taxanes amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha (IV) . Amaperekedwa kudzera mu cannula (catheter), mofanana ndi madzi amchere. Mankhwalawa amatha kutenga ola limodzi kapena maola angapo. Mungafunike kulandira chithandizochi kamodzi pa sabata, kapena kamodzi pa milungu ingapo iliyonse. Dokotala wanu adzasankha nthawi yoti mulandire chithandizo kutengera vuto lanu.
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimawonedwa kawirikawiri
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala a chemotherapy amayang'ana kwambiri kugawa maselo a khansa mofulumira, nthawi zina amathanso kukhudza maselo athanzi komanso ogawa mofulumira m'matupi athu. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu monga maselo omwe ali m'maselo a tsitsi lathu, maselo a khungu, ndi maselo a magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zotsatirapo zake zimachitika.
| Zotsatira Zam'mbali | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Neutropenia | Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha ma neutrophils, mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi omwe amalimbana ndi matenda m'thupi, kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda. |
| Matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha | Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha m'manja ndi m'miyendo. Izi zingayambitse dzanzi, kupweteka, kapena kufooka m'manja ndi m'miyendo . |
| Kutaya tsitsi | Izi ndi zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, koma tsitsi limameranso pambuyo poti chithandizo chatha. |
| Kusanza ndi nseru | Zimachitika kawirikawiri masiku ochizira. Mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti athetse vutoli. |
| Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa | Pakhoza kukhala kupweteka m'thupi ndi kuuma kwa mafupa. |
| Kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi | Kuthamanga kwa magazi kungakwere kapena kutsika. |
| Kuchepa kwa maselo amagazi | Kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi kungayambitse kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndipo kuchepa kwa ma platelet (thrombocytopenia) kungayambitse chiopsezo cha kutuluka magazi. |
Zotsatirapozi sizimachitika kwa aliyense. Komanso, zambiri mwa izo zitha kuthetsedwa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwitsa dokotala wanu kapena ogwira ntchito yosamalira anamwino za vuto lililonse lomwe mukumva.
Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse pa chithandizochi?
Mankhwala a Taxanes ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe awonjezera miyoyo ya odwala khansa. Komabe, monga mankhwala ena onse, pali zoopsa zina.
Nthawi zina, zotsatirapo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zingakhale zoopsa. Pazochitika zotere, dokotala wanu angasankhe kusintha nthawi yanu yochizira kapena kuyimitsa kwakanthawi.
Chinthu china chofunika ndichakuti pakapita nthawi, maselo a khansa amatha kuyamba 'kuzolowera' mankhwalawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kenako mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imatha kuchepa. Koma ngati zimenezo zitachitika, dokotala wanu adzagwiritsa ntchito njira zina monga kuyesa kuphatikiza mankhwala ena kapena kulangiza njira ina yochiritsira.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Taxane ndi gulu lamphamvu kwambiri la mankhwala a chemotherapy ochokera ku zomera zomwe zimaletsa maselo a khansa kugawikana.
- Izi zimathandiza bwino mitundu yambiri ya khansa, kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mawere, ya m'chiberekero, ndi ya m'mapapo.
- Zotsatirapo monga kutaya tsitsi, dzanzi, ndi kupweteka kwa thupi zimatha kuchitika, koma zambiri mwa izo zimatha kuthetsedwa.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala kapena namwino wanu za kusasangalala pang'ono kulikonse komwe mumamva panthawi ya chithandizo.
- Chithandizo cha khansa ndi ulendo. Kumbukirani nthawi zonse kuti simuli nokha paulendowu ndipo muli ndi gulu lachipatala laluso loti likuthandizeni.
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