Kodi mwana wanu ali ndi zizolowezi zimenezi? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a tic ndi tic!

Kodi mwana wanu nthawi zina amathimitsa maso nthawi zonse? Kapena kugwedeza mapewa ake? Mwina kungotulutsa phokoso loyera pakhosi? Monga mayi kapena bambo, ndi zachilendo kuti mumve mantha pang'ono mukawona zinthu ngati izi. Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha kuti tic . Izi si zinthu zomwe mumachita mwadala, zimachitika zokha. Palibe choopa, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane komanso mosavuta.

Kodi Tics ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, tic ndi mayendedwe adzidzidzi, ofulumira kapena mawu omwe amachitika m'thupi mwanu mosadzifunira komanso mobwerezabwereza. Ndi osalamulirika. Angakhale zinthu monga kuphethira maso anu, kugwedeza mapewa anu, kapena kungopanga phokoso la "hum" pakhosi panu. Akhoza kuchitika kulikonse pathupi lanu - nkhope yanu, mapewa, manja, miyendo. Nthawi zina tic izi zimatha kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi.

Kawirikawiri, tic imayambitsidwa ndi kusapeza bwino m'thupi, kapena kumva kufunika kochitapo kanthu mwachangu. Anthu ena amatha kuletsa tic kwa kanthawi, koma zimakhala zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Kusapeza bwino kumatha tic ikatha.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana, makamaka azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 10. Nthawi zambiri samakhala oopsa ndipo amatha kuchepa kapena kutha kwathunthu pakapita nthawi. Komabe, nthawi zina matendawa amatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa kwambiri a tic omwe amafunika chithandizo.

Kodi pali mitundu iti ya tics?

Timagawa ma tic m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: Ma motor tics, omwe amakhudza mayendedwe a thupi, ndi ma vocal tics, omwe amakhudza mawu. Zonsezi zimagawidwanso kukhala "zosavuta" ndi "zovuta."

Kuyendetsa galimoto nthawi zambiri kumabwera poyamba, kutsatiridwa ndi kulankhula mokweza. Komanso, kuyenda kosavuta kumawonekera kaye kusanachitike kuyenda movutikira.

Magalimoto Osavuta a Tics

Izi ndi mayendedwe afupiafupi kwambiri, mwadzidzidzi omwe amakhudza gulu limodzi kapena angapo a minofu.

• Kusuntha kwa maso monga kuphethira nthawi ndi nthawi komanso kutembenuza maso
• Kudzipangitsa kukhala wowawa, kudzipangitsa kukhala wopusa
• Kukumbatirana paphewa
• Kugwedeza mutu kapena phewa

Ma Vocal Tics Osavuta

Izi ndi mawu afupiafupi komanso odzidzimutsa.

• Kutsuka pakhosi pafupipafupi
• Kupanga phokoso ngati kukanda mphuno
• Kupanga phokoso ngati galu akukuwa
• Kutulutsa mawu afupiafupi ngati "hum", "ah"

Magalimoto Ovuta Kwambiri

Izi ndi njira zoyendetsera zinthu zokonzedwa bwino komanso zogwirizana. Zimaphatikizapo magulu angapo a minofu m'thupi omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi.

• Mayendedwe ofanana, monga kugwira phewa ndikutembenuza mutu uku ukupanga nkhope.
• Kukhudza ndi kuyang'ana chinthu, kuchikhudza (monga kukhudza ngodya ya tebulo, kukhudza buku).
• Kudumphadumpha, kulumpha mmwamba.
• Kupindika, kupotoza.

Ma Vocal Tics Ovuta

Izi ndi zovuta pang'ono kuposa mawu okha, ndipo zitha kukhala mawu kapena ziganizo.

• Kubwereza mawu kapena mawu omwe adanena.
• Kubwerezabwereza mawu kapena ziganizo zomwe ena amanena monga momwe zanenedwera (timazitcha kuti Echolalia ).
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osayenera, otukwana, kapena otukwana (timawatcha kuti Coprolalia ). Ichi si chinthu chomwe mwana amachita mwadala, koma chinthu chomwe chimachitika mopanda kulamulirika.

Ndiye, kodi matenda a tic ndi chiyani?

Matenda a Tic ndi gulu la matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha. Ndi omwe amachititsa munthu kukhala ndi matenda a tic. Matendawa ndi zizindikiro zake zimatha kuyambira pang'ono mpaka kufika poipa kwambiri . Nthawi zambiri, matenda a tic ndi ochepa ndipo safuna chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri amatha ana akamakula. Komabe, nthawi zina, chithandizo chimafunika kuti athetse matenda a tic ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo omwe amabwera nawo.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda a tic ndi iti?

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya matenda a tic. Izi zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa tic womwe ulipo (motor, verbal, kapena zonse ziwiri) komanso nthawi yomwe zizindikirozo zimakhalapo.

1. Matenda a Tic Osakhalitsa / Matenda a Tic Osakhalitsa:

• Anthu awa akhala ndi vuto la kulankhula mopitirira muyeso kapena kusinthasintha mawu (kumodzi kapena zonse ziwiri) kwa chaka chimodzi .
• Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a tic, womwe umakhudza pafupifupi 10% ya ana omwe ali m'zaka zawo zoyambirira za sukulu.
• Malinga ndi Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) , buku lotsogolera lomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pozindikira matenda amisala, matendawa amaperekedwa ngati:
• Payenera kukhala kugwedezeka kwa magalimoto kamodzi kapena zingapo, kapena kugwedezeka kwa mawu kamodzi kapena zingapo.
• Nkhuku sizingakhalepo kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi.
• Matenda a Tics ayenera kuti anayamba asanakwanitse zaka 18.
• Zizindikirozi sizingayambitsidwe ndi matenda ena (monga matenda a muubongo) kapena ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe akumwa.
• N'zothekanso kuti mwalandira matenda ena a tic.

2. Matenda Osatha a Tic:

• Anthu awa akhala ndi vuto la kulankhula kapena kusuntha mawu (osati zonse nthawi imodzi, mtundu umodzi wokha) kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi .
• Vutoli limapezeka mwa ana osakwana 1% a msinkhu wa sukulu.
• Malinga ndi (DSM-5) , pa matenda awa:
• Payenera kukhala kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka thupi kamodzi kapena zingapo, kapena kusinthasintha kwa mawu kamodzi kapena zingapo (osati zonse ziwiri).
• Matendawa ayenera kuchitika kangapo patsiku, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kapena nthawi zina, kwa miyezi yoposa 12.
• Matenda a Tics ayenera kuti anayamba asanakwanitse zaka 18.
• Zizindikiro zimenezi sizingayambitsidwe ndi matenda ena kapena ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe akumwa.
• Sizotheka kupezeka ndi matenda a Tourette Syndrome.

3. Matenda a Tourette:

• Anthu awa akhala ndi vuto la kugwedezeka kwa magalimoto ndi kugwedezeka kwa mawu (mitundu yonseyi) kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi.Pali.
• Imeneyi imaonedwa kuti ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa matenda opatsirana ndi nkhupakupa.
• Malinga ndi (DSM-5) , pa matenda awa:
• Payenera kukhala ma motor tics awiri kapena angapo ndi verbal tic imodzi (izi siziyenera kukhalapo nthawi imodzi).
• Matenda a Tics ayenera kukhalapo kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo. Izi zitha kuchitika kangapo patsiku (nthawi zambiri pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zonse), pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, kapena nthawi zina.
• Matenda a Tics ayenera kuti anayamba asanakwanitse zaka 18.
• Zizindikiro zimenezi sizingayambitsidwe ndi matenda ena kapena ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala omwe akumwa.

Kodi matenda a tic ndi ofala bwanji?

Matenda a tic kwenikweni ndi ofala kwambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Ofufuza akuyerekeza kuti mwana m'modzi mwa ana 50 aliwonse akhoza kukhala ndi Tourette Syndrome kapena matenda ena a tic .

Kodi mumamva bwanji mukamamwa tic?

Chifuwa chisanayambe, mungamve chilakolako champhamvu chochita zimenezo. Monga chilakolako chofuna kukanda malo oyabwa, kapena kumva ngati khosi lanu likugwedezeka. Mtundu wa kupsinjika umakula m'thupi momwe chifuwacho chikuyandikira kuchitika, ndipo chifuwacho chikayamba, kupsinjikako kumachepa kwakanthawi ndipo mumamva mpumulo.

Nthawi zina n'zotheka kulamulira tic kwa masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi zingapo, koma zimafuna khama lalikulu. Pamapeto pake, chilakolakocho chimakhala chosapiririka.

N'zovuta kwambiri kulamulira tic pamene pali kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri . Zinthu monga kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutopa zimatha kuwonjezera tic. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, nthawi zina tic imawonjezeka thupi likamasuka kapena mukakhala nokha. Ngati wina alankhula za tic kapena kuitchula, tic imawonjezekanso. Komabe, tic nthawi zambiri sizimachitika mukugona . Komanso, tic imachepa mukamayang'ana kwambiri pa chinthu china (monga ntchito ya kusukulu, ntchito zina).

Kodi pali mitundu ina yoopsa komanso yoopsa ya misala?

Inde, kugwedezeka kwina kungakhale koopsa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwedezeka kwina kwa minofu kungakupangitseni kudzimenya kumaso kapena kupweteka khosi mwa kugwedeza khosi lanu mobwerezabwereza.

Coprolalia , yomwe tidakambirana kale, ndi mawu osayenera omwe amanenedwa mwangozi, ndipo ingakhalenso vuto lalikulu. Izi zingapangitse mwana kuoneka ngati akuvutitsa ena mwadala kapena akuchita zinthu zoipa. Koma kwenikweni ndi chilakolako chosalamulirika. Ana omwe ali ndi coprolalia angalangidwe mosayenera kusukulu komanso kunyumba, ndipo angavutitsidwe ndi ana ena . Coprolalia ingakhudze pakati pa 10% ndi 15% ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Tourette.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa kugwedezeka?

Ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa kugunda kwa mtima.Inde. Koma asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimalamulira kayendedwe. Komanso, popeza mayendedwe amatha kuperekedwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo (mabanja achilengedwe), akuganiziridwa kuti pakhoza kukhala kulumikizana kwa majini .

Matenda ena omwe angawoneke pamodzi ndi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa ndi awa:

• Matenda Osowa Chisamaliro/Osagwira Ntchito Mopitirira Muyeso (ADHD)
• Matenda Oda Nkhawa
• Matenda Odzikuza ndi Okakamiza (OCD)

Nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena, monga matenda a Huntington kapena encephalitis (matenda a muubongo), amathanso kukhala ndi mayendedwe ofanana ndi tic. Matendawa amathanso kuchitika mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga cocaine kapena amphetamines . Komabe, matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda ena kapena mankhwala awa saonedwa ngati matenda osokonezeka maganizo.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli?

Matenda a Tics amapezeka kwambiri ali ana, makamaka ali aang'ono . Ana amatha kuyamba matenda a tic ali ndi zaka 4. Komabe, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa zaka 5 ndi 10. Komanso, anyamata amakhala ndi matenda a tic kuposa atsikana.

Kodi matenda a tic amapezeka bwanji?

Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala kwa mwana wanu adzamuyesa mwana wanu ndikumvetsera mosamala zizindikiro zake. Ngati n'kotheka, tengani kanema kapena awiri a mwana wanu akumwa mankhwala oletsa kutupa . Izi zithandiza dokotala kuona zomwe mwana wanu akukumana nazo.

Kutengera mtundu wa matenda a tic ndi nthawi yomwe akhalapo, dokotala amatha kudziwa ngati mwanayo ali ndi vuto la tic. Dokotala angafunenso kufufuza matenda ena omwe angabwere limodzi ndi matendawa, monga ADHD kapena OCD .

Kodi matenda a tic amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu ndi kuopsa kwa vuto la mwana. Ngati vuto la mwana ndi lochepa, palibe chithandizo chomwe chingafunike . Matenda a tissue amatha okha. Malangizo osavuta odzithandiza, monga kupewa kupsinjika maganizo ndi kutopa, angathandize ana ambiri.

Komabe, ngati kugwedezeka kwa mwana wanu kuli kwakukulu ndipo kumasokoneza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku , dokotala angakulangizeni chithandizo cha khalidwe , mankhwala , kapena zonse ziwiri.

Chithandizo cha Khalidwe

Maphunziro Osintha ChizoloweziKudzera mu chithandizo cha khalidwe, mwanayo amaphunzitsidwa kuthana ndi zizindikiro zake ndikuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti alowe m'malo mwa tic. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tic ya mwana ikukhudza phewa, katswiri wa zamaganizo angaphunzire kugwira manja a mwanayo mpaka chilakolako chofuna kukhudza phewa chitatha.

Chithandizo china ndi Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) . Chithandizochi chimathandiza ana okalamba kuthana ndi mayendedwe awo. Chimaphatikizapo maphunziro osintha zizolowezi, maphunziro a mayendedwe, ndi njira zopumulira.

Pamene akupereka chithandizo cha khalidwe, dokotala wa matenda amisala wa mwana angakulangizeninso momwe mungathandizire mwanayo monga banja ndikuonetsetsa kuti mwanayo akulandira thandizo la maphunziro lomwe akufunikira.

Mankhwala

Ngati mayendedwe a mayendedwe apitirira ndipo akusokoneza moyo wa mwana, mankhwala a mayendedwe a mayendedwe angathandize.

Pa matenda ang'onoang'ono: Mankhwala monga clonidine ndi guanfacine angathandize. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza ADHD ndi nkhawa, chifukwa matendawa amatha kukhala limodzi ndi matenda a tic.

Pa matenda oopsa kwambiri: Mankhwala a neuroleptic , monga aripiprazole ndi olanzapine, angathandize. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito posintha zotsatira za ma neurotransmitters omwe amalamulira mayendedwe a thupi.

Kodi tic imatha nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Matenda a ntchofu nthawi zambiri amachira pakapita nthawi ndipo amatha kutha. Nthawi zina matenda a ntchofu amatha miyezi ingapo yokha, koma nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi kutha kwa zaka zambiri.

Matenda a Tics ndi oopsa kwambiri pakati pa zaka 8 ndi 17. Matenda a Tics nthawi zambiri amachepa ndi kutha okha akatha msinkhu.

Kodi kugwedezeka kwa minofu kungapewedwe?

Asayansi sakudziwabe chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala matenda amisala ndipo ena sadwala, kotero sangathe kupewedwa .

Ngati mwana wanga ali ndi vuto la kugwedezeka, ndingamusamalire bwanji?

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la kugwedezeka pang'ono, malangizo osavuta awa angakuthandizeni:

• Pewani nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo: Pezani ntchito yomwe mwana wanu amasangalala nayo komanso amasangalala nayo. Mwachitsanzo, masewera kapena chizolowezi. Kusokonezeka maganizo kungachuluke mwana wanu akamavutika maganizo kapena akuda nkhawa. Mwana wanu akamachita ntchito inayake, amakhala wotanganidwa kwambiri komanso wopsinjika maganizo pang'ono.
• Pewani kutopa: Kutopa kungachuluke mwana akamatopa kwambiri.Onani ngati mukugona bwino usiku.
• Yesetsani kunyalanyaza misampha ya mwana wanu: Musamaganizire mosayenera misampha ya mwana wanu. Kulankhula za izo ndi kuziganizira kungapangitse misampha kukhala yoipa kwambiri.
• Musamulange: Musamukalipire mwana wanu akayamba kuchita zinthu mopupuluma kapena kumuuza kuti asiye. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe sangathe kuzilamulira. Kukwiya kapena kumuimba mlandu sikungathetse vutoli.
• Muzitonthoza ndi kulimbikitsa mwanayo: Muzithandiza mwanayo kumvetsa kuti chilichonse chili bwino ndipo kuti kuchita zinthu mopupuluma si chinthu chochititsa manyazi. Muzimuthandiza kumva kuti muli naye limodzi.
• Dziwitsani ena pasadakhale: Dziwitsani anzanu ndi achibale za kugwedezeka kwa mwana wanu pasadakhale. Mwanjira imeneyi, adzadziwa ndipo sadzachita mantha kapena kuchitapo kanthu kwambiri akagwidwa ndi kugwedezeka.
• Gwirani ntchito ndi sukulu ya mwana wanu: Muzidziwitsa aphunzitsi a mwana wanu ndi antchito ena a kusukulu za mavuto a mwana wanu. Ngati mavuto a mwana wanu akuyambitsa mavuto kusukulu, gwirani ntchito nawo kuti mupeze mayankho. Mwana wanu angafunike malo osiyana kapena nthawi yowonjezera panthawi ya mayeso.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ndi mwana wanga kwa dokotala liti?

Matenda ena opweteka si aakulu. Ngati matenda a mwana wanu ndi aang'ono ndipo palibe vuto, simungafunike kupita kwa dokotala. Matendawa amatha okha. Komabe, ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi matenda a mwana wanu, kapena ngati matendawa ali ngati awa, konzani nthawi yoti mukakumane ndi dokotala:

• Ngati zimachitika kawirikawiri, kapena ngati zikuipiraipira kapena ngati zimachitika kawirikawiri.
• Ngati zimayambitsa mavuto a chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena amaganizo (monga kuzunzidwa ndi ana ena, manyazi).
• Ngati zimayambitsa ululu kapena kusasangalala .
• Ngati zingasokoneze ntchito ya kusukulu kapena zochita zina za tsiku ndi tsiku.
• Ngati zimabwera ndi mkwiyo, kukhumudwa, kapena maganizo odzivulaza.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wa mwana wanga?

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la kugwedezeka, mungafunse dokotala mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi kugwedezeka kwa mwana wanga ndi kochepa kapena koopsa kwambiri?
• Kodi mwana wanga ali ndi vuto la tic?
• Ngati ndi choncho, ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa omwe mwana wanga ali nawo?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe mumalimbikitsa?
• Kodi nkhupakupa izi zidzatha zokha?
• Kodi vutoli lingakhudze bwanji kuphunzira kwa mwana wanga komanso ubale wake ndi anthu ena? Ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ndi vutoli?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi nkhawa, kupsinjika maganizo, komanso mantha mwana wanu akayamba kudwala matenda amisala. Komabe, ngakhale kuti matenda amisala amatha kukhala oopsa, nthawi zambiri samakhala oopsa . Ndipotu, matenda amisala ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amatha okha.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti mwana wanu alandire chikondi chanu, kumvetsetsa kwanu, ndi chithandizo chanu.Muuzeni mwanayo kuti sali yekha, ndipo izi si vuto lake.

Komabe, ngati mwana wanu akuvutika ndi kugwedezeka pafupipafupi, kwambiri, kapena akusokoneza zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku kapena ntchito ya kusukulu, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Dokotalayo adzatha kufufuza mosamala kugwedezeka kwa mwana wanu ndikupeza chithandizo chabwino kwambiri, ngati chilipo. Chofunika kwambiri si kuchita mantha, koma kupeza chidziwitso cholondola komanso upangiri wachipatala.

Matenda a Tics, matenda a Tics, matenda a mitsempha, chithandizo cha khalidwe, Tourette syndrome, thanzi la maganizo la ana, matenda oyendayenda