Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kuti mwana wanu akuchita zinthu mosiyana pang'ono ndi ana ena? Mwina sakonda kuyang'ana ena ndikulankhula nawo, kapena kusewera nawo. Kapena ali ndi chizolowezi chobwerezabwereza zinthu zomwezo? Ndizachibadwa kuti kholo lizimva mantha komanso nkhawa pang'ono mukaona zinthu ngati izi. Lero tikambirana za vuto lomwe limasonyeza zizindikirozi, lomwe kale linkadziwika mu sayansi ya zamankhwala kuti 'Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), koma tsopano limadziwika kuti ' Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Musachite mantha ngakhale dzinalo lasintha, tiyeni timvetse izi mosavuta.
Chifukwa chiyani mayina awiriwa? Kodi kusiyana kwake ndi kotani?
Kale, isanafike chaka cha 2013, madokotala ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti 'Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)' pofotokoza kuchedwa kwa chitukuko kwa ana. Izi zikuphatikizapo mavuto ocheza ndi anthu komanso kulankhulana ndi ena, kusafuna kusintha zinthu zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse, komanso mayendedwe obwerezabwereza kapena machitidwe.
Koma pansi pa gulu ili la PDD, panali magulu ena angapo monga `(Asperger's syndrome)` ndi `(Autistic disorder)`. Chifukwa cha izi, ana omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo adapezeka ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Izi zinali zosokoneza pang'ono kwa makolo ndi madokotala.
Mwachidule, kuti tithetse chisokonezochi ndikupangitsa kuti matenda azitha kudziwika bwino komanso molondola, matenda onsewa adayambitsidwa ndi dzina limodzi: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
Kotero ngati muwona mawu akuti PDD m'buku kapena nkhani yakale, kumbukirani kuti amatanthauza vuto lomweli lomwe tsopano limatchedwa ASD.
Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?
Matenda a Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) si matenda omwe amakhudza aliyense mofanana. Ali ngati mitundu ya utawaleza, yomwe imafalikira pamtundu umodzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro za ana ena zingakhale zosaonekera bwino , pomwe zina zingakhale ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu.
Gome ili pansipa lingathe kufotokoza izi mozama.
| Gawo lamavuto | Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonedwa kawirikawiri |
|---|---|
| Kulankhulana ndi anthu komanso kuyanjana (Kulankhulana ndi Kuyanjana ndi Anthu) |
|
| Makhalidwe oletsa kapena obwerezabwereza (Makhalidwe Oletsedwa Kapena Obwerezabwereza) |
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kuphunzira bwino, kugwira ntchito, komanso kukhala paokha. Mwina sitingadziwe kuti ali ndi vutoli. Komanso, anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zilema zazikulu ndipo amafunika thandizo la akuluakulu.
Kodi zifukwa ndi zoopsa za vutoli ndi ziti?
"N’chifukwa chiyani izi zinachitikira mwana wanga?" Funso limene makolo ambiri amadzifunsa ndi ili. Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira choyamba ndichakuti ASD siimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwa za makolo, zolakwika pakulera ana, kapena katemera.
Asayansi sanapezebe chomwe chimayambitsa ASD. Komabe, majini apezeka kuti ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikukhudza izi. Komabe, iyi si "jini la autism" limodzi lokha. Chiwopsezochi chikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi kuphatikiza kwa majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe .
Zinthu zomwe zingawonjezere chiopsezo:
- Mbiri ya banja: Ngati mwana m'modzi m'banjamo ali ndi ASD, chiopsezo choti mwana wotsatira akhale nayo chimawonjezeka pang'ono.
- Kubadwa msanga: Makanda obadwa asanakwanitse milungu 37 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, makamaka omwe amabadwa ali aang'ono kwambiri.
- Zaka za makolo: Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti chiopsezochi chimawonjezeka pang'ono ndi zaka za makolo onse awiri kapena awiri.
- Matenda ena:Chiwopsezo cha ASD chimakhala chachikulu ndi matenda enaake a majini. Mwachitsanzo:
- Matenda a Fragile X
- Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu (tuberous sclerosis)
- Matenda a Down
- Matenda a Rett
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji vutoli?
ASD singathe kupezeka ndi mayeso amodzi a magazi kapena kusanthula ubongo. Ndi kuwunika kwathunthu kochitidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri. Dokotala wa ana a mwana wanu nthawi zambiri amakutumizirani kwa katswiri ngati ali ndi nkhawa iliyonse panthawi ya kuyezetsa mwana wanu kwa miyezi 9, 18, ndi 24/30.
Madokotala omwe ali ndi luso pa izi ndi awa:
- Madokotala a Matenda a Maganizo a Ana
- Akatswiri a Zamaganizo a Ana
- Madokotala a Mitsempha ya Ana
- Madokotala a Zachitukuko
Amapeza matenda olondola mwa kuona khalidwe la mwanayo, kufunsa makolo za khalidwe lake ndi njira zake zolankhulirana, ndikuchita mayeso angapo okhazikika.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuzindikira vutoli msanga, chifukwa chithandizo ndi machiritso ofunikira akayamba msanga, tsogolo la mwana lidzakhala labwino.
Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?
Palibe mankhwala a ASD pakadali pano. Komabe, pali njira zambiri zochiritsira komanso zochiritsira zomwe zingathandize kuthana ndi vutoli, kukulitsa luso la mwana, komanso kupangitsa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku kukhala wosavuta kwa mwana .
Chithandizo cha mankhwala
Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala a ASD, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena omwe angakhale okhudzana ndi vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ASD alinso ndi matenda monga attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ndi nkhawa. Mankhwala a matenda amenewa angathandize ana ena. Madokotala angaperekenso mankhwala monga risperidone ndi aripiprazole kuti athetse makhalidwe monga mkwiyo wopitirira muyeso ndi kudzivulaza. Mankhwala onsewa ayenera kuperekedwa pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuwayang'anira komanso akuwalangiza.
Chithandizo
Chofunika kwambiri kuposa mankhwala ndi njira zochiritsira izi, zomwe zimasiyana malinga ndi zosowa za mwana.
- Chithandizo cha Kulankhula: Kukulitsa luso lolankhula ndi kulankhulana ndi ena.
- Chithandizo cha Ntchito: Kuthandiza anthu kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuvala, kudya, ndi kulemba paokha.
- Kuchiza Thupi: Kuwongolera kuyenda kwa thupi ndi kukhazikika bwino.
- Chithandizo cha Khalidwe:Kuwongolera khalidwe losayenera ndikukhala ndi khalidwe labwino. "Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)" ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imagwera pansi pa izi.
- Maphunziro a Maluso a Anthu: Kuphunzitsa momwe mungasakanikirane ndi ena, kupanga mabwenzi, komanso kuchita zinthu m'gulu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- 'Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)' ndi dzina lakale lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda omwe tsopano amadziwika kuti 'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).'
- ASD ndi vuto la kukula kwa ubongo lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kukula kwa ubongo, osati matenda amisala kapena chifukwa cha zolakwa za makolo.
- Vutoli ndi 'Spectrum', kutanthauza kuti ndi losiyanasiyana ndipo limakhala ndi luso komanso mavuto osiyanasiyana. Mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza khalidwe la mwana wanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wa ana nthawi yomweyo. Kuzindikira matendawa msanga n'kofunika kwambiri.
- Ngakhale kuti izi sizingachiritsidwe, njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira komanso, ngati kuli kofunikira, mankhwala angapatse mwana maluso ofunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo wopambana komanso wachimwemwe.
- Lemekezani umunthu wa mwana wanu ndi luso lake. Amaona dziko mosiyana. Mupatseni chikondi, chithandizo, ndi chitsogozo chomwe akufunikira.
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