Kodi valavu ya mtima wanu ya aortic ili ndi chotupa chimodzi? (Vavu ya Aortic ya Unicuspid) - Tiyeni tikambirane izi!

Nthawi zina timamva kuti, 'O, mwana wanga ali ndi vuto laling'ono la mtima, anabadwa ndi kulira kwa mtima'? Kapena, wachinyamata akamavutika kupuma kapena kupweteka pachifuwa, madokotala amati, 'Pali vuto laling'ono la valavu ya mtima.' Umu ndi momwe tidzalankhulire za vuto la mtima lomwe ndi losowa kwambiri, koma lofunika kwambiri kulidziwa.

Kodi valavu ya aortic yokhala ndi kapepala kamodzi (`Unicuspid Aortic Valve`) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, valavu ya aorta yomwe ili mumtima mwanu ili ndi kapepala kamodzi kokha m'malo mwa katatu komwe kali nako nthawi zambiri. Mawu akuti "unicuspid" amatanthauza "kapepala kamodzi." Taganizirani ngati chitseko chokhala ndi loko imodzi yokha m'malo mwa ziwiri.

Timabukuti tili ngati zitseko zazing'ono. Timatsegula ndi kutseka kuti magazi oyera komanso odzaza ndi mpweya adutse kuchokera ku ventricle yakumanzere ya mtima - chipinda chakumanzere pansi pa mtima - kupita ku aorta . Kenako aorta imapopa magazi m'thupi lonse. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero cha timabukuti mu valavu iyi chikachepa, pakhoza kukhala zopinga zazing'ono pakuyenda kwa magazi.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi vutoli, Unicuspid Aortic Valve, angakhalenso ndi mavuto ena a mtima. Mwachitsanzo:

• Aortaopathy : Izi zikutanthauza kufooka kwa makoma a aorta.
• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) : Bowo lomwe lili pakhoma pakati pa zipinda ziwiri zapansi pa mtima.
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) : Mtsempha wamagazi womwe umayenera kutsekedwa mwana atabadwa umakhalabe wotseguka.
• Matenda a Mitsempha ya Mtima : Kusintha kwina kwa mitsempha yamagazi komwe kumapereka magazi kumtima.

Vutoli ndi losowa kwambiri. Limakhudza pafupifupi 0.02% ya anthu onse. Komanso, limapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna.

Kodi pali mitundu ya izi?

Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ``Unicuspid Aortic Valve''. Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi ndi mpata womwe timapepala tiwiri (timapepala) timalumikizana ndi khoma la valavu, lomwe limatchedwa ``Commissure'' . Mutha kumvetsetsa izi motere. Tangoganizani kuti milomo yanu yalumikizidwa kunkhope yanu kosatha, koma imatha kukumana ndikulekana, eti? Ndicho chimene ``Commissure'' chili.

Mitundu iwiri iyi ndi iyi:

1. Mtundu wa Acommissural: Uwu ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri . Pankhaniyi, palibe commissure, kutanthauza kuti, palibe mpata. Ndipo sunalumikizidwe ndi aorta. Mapepala onse amamatirana pamodzi, ngati kuti alumikizidwa pamodzi. Magazi amangoyenda kudzera m'bowo laling'ono, ngati pinbow.

2. Mtundu umodzi wa komishoni:Iyi ndi yovuta pang'ono kuposa inayo, ndipo ndiyonso yofala kwambiri . Ili ndi ``Commissure`` imodzi, kutanthauza, mpata umodzi. Imalumikizidwanso ndi mtsempha wamagazi. Mtundu uwu wa valavu ukatsegulidwa, umawoneka ngati mzere. Anthu ena amauyerekeza ndi pakamwa pa nsomba.

Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe mukuwona?

Ngati munthu wamkulu ali ndi vutoli (Unicuspid Aortic Valve), zizindikiro zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi izi:

• Kupuma movutikira : Mukatopa pang'ono, mungamve ngati mukukomoka mukakwera masitepe.
• Chizungulire : Mukayimirira mwadzidzidzi, mungamve chizungulire.
• Angina : Uku ndi kumva kupweteka kapena kupsinjika pachifuwa. Kwa anthu ena, izi zimatha kufalikira mpaka nsagwada, khosi, kapena ngakhale m'manja.
• Kukomoka/kukomoka : Kutaya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso.

Ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda monga kulephera kwa mtima kumbali yakumanzere . Amakondanso kuchepetsa thupi monga ana ena a msinkhu wawo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti salemera kwambiri.

Mtundu wa ``Acommissural`` womwe watchulidwa kale, womwe ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri, umawonetsa zizindikiro mwa makanda aang'ono kwambiri . Koma iwo omwe ali ndi mtundu wa ``Unicommissural`` sangawonetse zizindikiro zilizonse mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 20 kapena 30, ndiko kuti, mpaka atakula msinkhu.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Chifukwa chake ndi chiyani?

Vutoli, lotchedwa ``Unicuspid Aortic Valve'', limachitika pamene timapepala titatu tomwe tiyenera kupangidwa timayamba kukula mwana akadali m'mimba, kenako m'malo mokhala osiyana, timalumikizana n'kukhala chimodzi. Izi zimachitika mwana asanabadwe .

Ngakhale ofufuza sangatsimikizire izi motsimikiza, akukayikira kuti izi zitha kukhala "zobadwa nazo." Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala chikoka cha majini.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Munthu amene ali ndi valavu ya msempha umodzi akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana pakapita nthawi. Mavuto akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Kutsekeka kwa valavu ya mtsempha wamagazi: Izi zimachitika pamene valavuyo siikutseguka bwino, zomwe zimaletsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Izi zimapangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika popompa magazi.
• Kubwerera kwa valavu ya mtsempha wamagazi: Vavuyo siitseka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi ena omwe amapopedwa abwerere mumtima.
• Matenda a Endocarditis : Matenda a mkati mwa mtima, makamaka ma valve. Anthu omwe ali ndi ma valve osazolowereka ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha kusweka kwa mtsempha wamagazi : Ichi ndi vuto ladzidzidzi komanso loopsa lomwe khoma la mtsempha wamagazi limang'ambika mkati.

Chofunika: Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matendawa nthawi yake, mavutowa asanachitike.

Kodi mumapeza bwanji izi?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, adzamvetsera mtima wanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope panthawi yoyezetsa thupi lanu. Ngati dokotala amva phokoso la mtima losazolowereka ('kung'ung'udza kwa mtima') pafupi ndi mtsempha wanu wamagazi, akhoza kukayika izi. Kenako, angakulangizeni mayeso ena.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe akuchitidwa?

Mayeso akuluakulu omwe amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire molondola kupezeka kwa ``Unicuspid Aortic Valve'' iyi ndi awa:

• Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) : Izi zili ngati ultrasound scan ya mtima. Zimachitikira pamwamba pa chifuwa. Zingathe kuwona bwino mawonekedwe a mtima ndi ntchito ya ma valve ake.
• Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) : Iyi ndi echocardiogram. Komabe, chubu chaching'ono chimayikidwa kudzera pakhosi ndipo mtima umawonedwa kudzera mu mkodzo. Izi zingapangitse zithunzi zowoneka bwino kuposa TTE.
• Kujambula kwa Cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) : Izi zimatha kupanga zithunzi za 3D za mtima ndi mtsempha wamagazi.
• MRI ya Mtima (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) : Izi zingaperekenso chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chokhudza kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mtima.

Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha izi chimasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikiro.

Njira zodziwika bwino zothandizira ana aang'ono ndi izi:

• Kuchotsa Valivu m'maselo : Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchita opaleshoni yodula minofu ya valavu yomwe yamamatirana ndikupanga timapepala tatsopano.
• Valvuloplasty : Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chonga baluni kutsegula valavu.
• Commissurotomy : Kulekanitsa opaleshoni ya ``Commissure'', komwe ma flaps amalumikizidwa pamodzi.
• Ndondomeko ya Ross : Iyi ndi opaleshoni yovuta pang'ono. Tidzakambirana zambiri za izi mtsogolo.

Kwa akuluakulu , opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imafunika kuti akonze valavu ya aortic (Unicuspid Aortic Valve repair) kapena kuisintha ndi valavu yatsopano (yosinthira) .

Kodi pali zotsatirapo/zovuta zilizonse za chithandizochi?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni iliyonse, pangakhale mavuto ena omwe angabwere chifukwa cha chithandizochi. Koma si aliyense amene angakumane ndi mavutowa. Musadandaule, dokotala wanu adzakudziwitsani bwino za izi.

Mavuto ena ofala omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Matenda
• Magazi amaundana
• Kutuluka magazi kwambiri (`Kutuluka magazi`)
• Endocarditis (matenda a valavu)
• Mavuto ndi chigamba chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ma valavu.
• Kutseka Mtima Konse : Kusokoneza kutumiza kwa ma siginolo amagetsi a mtima.
• Matenda amtima
• Magazi akutuluka kuchokera ku valavu kupita kumbali yolakwika.
• Mtima Wosazolowereka

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire?

Izi zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe mudachita. Zingatenge kuyambira sabata imodzi mpaka miyezi ingapo kuti muchiritsidwe. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani nthawi yeniyeni yomwe muyenera kupuma komanso nthawi yomwe mungayambirenso kuchita zinthu zachizolowezi.

Kodi moyo udzakhala bwanji ndi vutoli?

Ngati muli ndi Unicuspid Aortic Valve, mwina mungafunike opaleshoni . Ndipotu, mungafunike kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa valavu yanu kangapo pa moyo wanu. Mungakhalenso ndi mavuto ena a mtima. Mungafunikenso kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi (anticoagulants) mutachita opaleshoni, kutengera mtundu wa valavu yomwe muli nayo.

Koma ziyeneranso kunenedwa kuti "Unicuspid Aortic Valve" iyi si chinthu chomwe chidzachira chokha . Vutoli limakhalabe lomwelo mpaka mutachitidwa opaleshoni kuti likonze.

Pali nkhani yabwino. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti 97% ya anthu omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni ya aortic valve chifukwa cha vuto lotchedwa ``Unicuspid Aortic Valve'' anali akadali ndi moyo zaka 10 pambuyo pake .

Komabe, palinso lingaliro lakuti ngati munthu wosakwana zaka 65 apatsidwa valavu ya aortic chifukwa cha vutoli, zimatha kuchepetsa nthawi yoyembekezera moyo ndi zaka zoposa 10. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ofufuza amati Ross Procedure ndi yabwino kwa achinyamata, otanganidwa. Mu ``Ross procedure`` iyi, mumatenga valavu yanu ya m'mapapo ndikuyiyika pamalo pomwe valavu ya aortic yodwala ili. Kenako, pulmonary homograft yochokera kwa munthu wakufa imayikidwa pamalo pomwe valavu ya m'mapapo yochotsedwa inali. Ngakhale izi ndi zovuta pang'ono, zotsatira zake zimanenedwa kuti ndizabwino.

Kodi mukufuna kuchita chiyani kumbali yanu?

Mukamaliza opaleshoni, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu mosamala okhudza momwe mungasamalire mabala anu . Iye adzakuuzaninso nthawi yomwe muyenera kupuma komanso nthawi yomwe mungayambe kuyendetsa galimoto ndi zochita zina za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Musaiwale: Ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwala anu pa nthawi yake, monga momwe dokotala wanenera, komanso kupita ku chipatala pa masiku omwe akonzedwa.

Nthawi zina mumaganiza kuti, "O, sindili wamkulu mokwanira kuti ndidwale matenda a mtima," koma mumakhalabe ndi ululu pachifuwa komanso mukuvutika kupuma.Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa izi, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala. Mukachita opaleshoni ya Unicuspid Aortic Valve, mudzapitiriza kukhala ndi nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wanu. Ngati vuto (monga matenda) litachitika mukachita opaleshoni, mungafunike chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, musaope kufunsa mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo. Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse:

• Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa ine ndi chiti?
• Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valavu? (monga, ma valavu opangidwa ndi opanga ndi ma valavu a biovalve)
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni nthawi yanji?
• Kodi valavu yatsopano imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mukamva kuti chinachake mumtima mwanu sichikugwira ntchito bwino, sizimakhala zosavuta. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, madokotala apanga njira zabwino zochizira vutoli. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe zili zabwino kwa inu. Popeza vutoli ndi losowa , ndibwino kuti mupeze dokotala wodziwa bwino za vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza amati dokotala wa opaleshoni ayenera kuchita opaleshoni ya Ross yosachepera 15 pachaka.

Pomaliza, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino za matenda a mtima otchedwa `(Unicuspid Aortic Valve)` omwe tidakambirana lero. Kumbukirani, ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimabadwa nacho ndipo sichimaoneka kawirikawiri. Komabe, ngati mutapezeka ndi matendawa molondola ndikuchiritsidwa panthawi yake, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino . Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikirozi, musaope kupita kwa dokotala ndikupeza upangiri. Makamaka, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza thandizo la gulu lachipatala lodziwa bwino ntchito pochiza matenda osowa ngati amenewa. Samalirani mtima wanu. Ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'moyo wanu!

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