Kodi matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome n'chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi mudamvapo za vuto lachilendo lomwe limakhudza ubongo ndi kukumbukira? Nthawi zina, sitidziwa kuti thupi lathu likasowa mavitamini enaake, makamaka vitamini B1 yotchedwa ``Thiamine``, ubongo wathu ukhoza kuonongeka kwambiri. Limodzi mwa mavuto aakulu ndi Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) . Ili ndi vuto lomwe limafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi. Kodi tikambirane za izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse?

Kodi matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff (`WKS`) kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, iyi ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo wathu ndi kukumbukira kwathu. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndichakuti thupi lathu lili ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') kapena vitamini B1 . Taganizirani izi, thupi lathu lili ngati galimoto. Injini ya galimoto iyi ndi ubongo. Injiniyo imafuna mafuta kuti igwire ntchito. Mofananamo, vitamini yotchedwa 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti ubongo wathu ndi dongosolo lathu la mitsempha zigwire ntchito. Vitamini iyi ndi yomwe imasintha chakudya chomwe timadya kukhala mphamvu. Chifukwa chake 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') iyi ikachepa, ubongo supeza mphamvu zomwe umafunikira, kenako maselo a ubongo amayamba kuwonongeka.

Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu mu `WKS` iyi:

1. Wernicke encephalopathy: Uku ndi kuvulala koyamba, mwadzidzidzi, komanso koopsa muubongo. Kumafunika chithandizo chachangu.

2. Matenda a Korsakoff: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri kukumbukira.

Dzina lake linachokera kwa katswiri wa mitsempha wa ku Germany Carl Wernicke ndi katswiri wa mitsempha wa ku Russia Sergei Korsakoff, omwe ndi oyamba kuzindikira vutoli.

Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa 'Wernicke's encephalopathy' ndi 'Korsakoff syndrome'?

Zinthu ziwirizi ndi zogwirizana. Kunena zoona, vuto lotchedwa ``Wernicke encephalopathy``, ngati silinachiritsidwe pa nthawi yake, ndi lomwe limayamba pang'onopang'ono kukhala vuto lalikulu la kukumbukira lotchedwa ``Korsakoff syndrome``.

Kawirikawiri pali zizindikiro zitatu zazikulu za Wernicke encephalopathy:

• Kusokonezeka: Kutaya chidziwitso, kutaya malo ndi nthawi.
• Kutaya kulinganiza bwino komanso kulephera kulamulira mayendedwe (`Ataxia`): Kuyenda kumakhala kosakhazikika ndipo miyendo imakhala yovuta kulamulira.
• Kusintha kwa masomphenya ndi mavuto a maso: Kusuntha kwa maso kosazolowereka, monga kuwona kawiri.

Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zina ngakhale minofu imatha kufooka.

Ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira kwa nthawi yayitali, ubongo ndi maselo amitsempha zimawonongeka kosatha. Apa ndi pamene kuiwalika kwakukulu kumachitika ndipo kukumbukira zinthu zatsopano sikungakumbukiridwe. Izi zimatchedwa ``Korsakoff syndrome``.

Matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) ndi matenda omwe amatha kuipiraipira pakapita nthawi ndipo amathanso kupha munthu. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chachangu cha thiamine n'chofunikira. Kuchita izi kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikupewa kuwonongeka kosatha kwa kukumbukira ndi ntchito zina za ubongo.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene muli naye pafupi ali ndi zizindikiro zimenezi, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo kapena kupita kuchipatala chapafupi.

Ndani amene akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli?

Matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff (WKS) amapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 70. Anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matenda a WKS chifukwa chomwa mowa ndi amuna azaka zopitirira 40. Komabe, akazi ndi achinyamata amathanso kukhala ndi vutoli pazifukwa zina kupatula mowa. Sizimadziwika kawirikawiri mwa ana aang'ono.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff?

Matenda a Wernicke encephalopathy ndi matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso (vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso). Mowa ukamwedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, umawononga m'mimba ndi m'mimba. Umasokonezanso mphamvu ya thupi yoyamwa mavitamini (malabsorption). Akuti pafupifupi 80% ya anthu omwa mowa sangathe kuyamwa kapena kusunga thiamine yokwanira.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe sangathe kuyamwa chakudya moyenera chifukwa cha matenda enaake amathanso kukhala ndi 'WKS'. Mwachitsanzo, izi zitha kuchitika pambuyo pa opaleshoni yochepetsa thupi ('bariatric surgery') kapena ngati zotsatira zoyipa za 'chemotherapy' ya khansa.

Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo:

• Matenda a m'mimba, mwachitsanzo, matenda otupa m'matumbo kapena gastropathia.
• Khansa (makamaka pa milandu yoopsa).
• Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro (thyrotoxicosis).
• Kusintha kwa majini.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito diuretic therapy kwa nthawi yayitali pochiza kulephera kwa mtima.
• Matenda osowa Thiamine monga HIV/AIDS.
• Kulephera kwa impso, chifukwa chithandizo cha dialysis cha nthawi yayitali chimachepetsa mphamvu ya thupi yoyamwa thiamine.
• Kusowa kwa malo ochiritsira kapena chakudya chopatsa thanzi.
• Kusanza kwambiri ndi nseru panthawi ya mimba (hyperemesis gravidarum).

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa 'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome'?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kusowa kwa ``Thiamine``. Vitamini wofunikira uyu ndiye amene amasintha shuga amene timadya kukhala mphamvu. Choncho pamene tilibe ``Thiamine`` yokwanira, ubongo wathu sulandira mphamvu zomwe umafunika kuti ugwire ntchito bwino.

Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusowa kwa thiamine ndiKumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kwa nthawi yayitali. Mowa umapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lovuta kuyamwa thiamine ndikuisunga m'chiwindi. Mowa umasokonezanso kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini B1 pa ntchito zina zofunika.

Palinso zifukwa zina:

• Zakudya zosayenera: Kusadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
• Matenda okhudzana ndi kudya: monga anorexia ndi bulimia.
• Matenda osatha.
• Maopaleshoni: Makamaka opaleshoni monga opaleshoni ya m'mimba yochepetsa thupi.
• Kuvulala muubongo koopsa: Koma izi n’zosowa kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za 'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome' ndi ziti?

Izi zitha kuonekera m'zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapezeka m'milandu yoopsa ndi 'confabulation' . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kupanga nkhani m'maganizo mwanu kuti mubise zinthu zomwe simukukumbukira. Tangoganizirani, wina sakumbukira chinthu chomwe adachita dzulo, koma amanena bodza kuti abise, koma samanama chifukwa amaganiza kuti chinachitikadi. Amakhulupirira nkhaniyi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka kapena kusokonezeka. Kusokonezeka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti azindikire kuti pali vuto ndi iwo ndikupempha chithandizo.

Zizindikiro zofala za Wernicke encephalopathy:

• Kutaya kulinganiza kapena kulephera kulamulira mayendedwe (ataxia).
• 'Kukangana'.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo, kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Kuyenda movutikira, kuyenda mopanda kukhazikika.
• Kugona tulo.
• Kutentha thupi kotsika kwambiri (hypothermia).
• Mavuto a mtima: kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima (tachycardia) kapena kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi (hypotension).
• Kulephera kugwirizana kwa minofu (ataxia).

Mavuto a maso nawonso ndi ofala:

• Kusuntha kwa maso kosazolowereka (nystagmus).
• Kuona kawiri.
• Kugwa kwa chikope chapamwamba (ptosis).
• Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa minofu ya maso kapena kufooka (ophthalmoplegia).

Ngati matenda a Wernicke encephalopathy sachiritsidwa, amatha kupitirira kukhala Korsakoff syndrome, matenda okumbukira zinthu kwa nthawi yayitali. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kutaya kwathunthu kukumbukira (`Amnesia`) kapena kulephera kukumbukira chilichonse chatsopano.
• Kusintha kwa khalidwe: kukwiya msanga, kupsa mtima msanga.
• 'Kukangana'.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Kutopa kapena kutopa.
• Kuona zinthu molakwika, makamaka mukasiya kumwa mowa.
• Kulephera kuganizira kwambiri.
• Kuyenda kosakhazikika.

Zizindikiro zina sizimachira kwathunthu ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo. Pa milandu yoopsa, kutaya chikumbumtima (`coma`) kungachitike. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene muli naye pafupi atataya chikumbumtima, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za `Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome`, pitani kwa dokotala kapena pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga.

Kodi 'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome' imapezeka bwanji?

Kuzindikira msanga vuto la `WKS` limeneli n'kofunika kwambiri kuti chithandizo chikhale chopambana. Madokotala amazindikira vutoli mwa kuchita mayeso akuthupi, kufunsa za zizindikiro zanu, ndikufunsa za mbiri ya banja lanu. Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira ngati wina wasokonezeka kapena wataya kukumbukira.

Dokotala adzafufuza zinthu izi mwachindunji:

• Kodi pali vuto lililonse la kumwa mowa ('Matenda a mowa')?
• Kodi pali vuto la kusowa zakudya m'thupi?
• Kodi pali kusowa kwa thiamine m'thupi?

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amathandiza kuzindikira matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff?

Dokotala wanu adzalamula kuti muyese magazi kuti awone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi thiamine. Angalamulenso kuti muyesedwe mowa m'magazi kuti awone ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mowa komanso kuti muyesedwe kuti chiwindi chigwire ntchito bwino, chifukwa izi zingasonyeze kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi.

Mayeso ena angachitike kuti aone zifukwa zina:

• Kuyezetsa kwa 'Arterial blood gas' (ABG) kumayesa kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide ndi mpweya m'magazi.
• 'Kuchuluka kwa magazi kwathunthu' ('Kuchuluka kwa magazi kwathunthu - CBC`).
• Kuwunika za poizoni.

Mungafunikenso kuchita mayeso ojambulira zithunzi monga awa:

• 'CT scan'.
• 'MRI' ('MRI`).
• 'Electrocardiogram' ('Electrocardiogram - EKG`).

Kodi matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome angachiritsidwe? Kodi amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ndipotu, sichichira kwathunthu. Komabe, ngati chithandizo chiyamba msanga, zizindikiro zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndipo zina mwa izo zitha kubwezeretsedwanso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti vuto la ``Wernicke encephalopathy`` lingathe kuletsedwa kuti lisapitirire kukhala ``Korsakoff syndrome``.

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo chimatha kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro monga chisokonezo, mavuto a maso, komanso kulephera kulinganiza bwino zinthu. Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe ndi loyenera kwa inu.

Zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati chithandizo:

• Kupereka vitamini B1 kudzera m'mapiritsi kapena jakisoni.
• Ngati thupi latha madzi m'thupi, perekani mankhwala a saline kudzera mu ``IV fluids```.
• Kuchiza mavuto okhudzana ndi kumwa mowa.
• Kupereka chithandizo cha zakudya.
• Perekani mankhwala ena ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo chotenga matendawa?

Nthawi zambiri, kusiya kapena kuchepetsa kumwa mowa ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff. Komanso, kudya zakudya zabwino komanso, ngati kuli kofunikira, kumwa mankhwala owonjezera a thiamine monga jakisoni kapena mapiritsi kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu, makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la mowa.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome angayembekezere chiyani?

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene muli naye pafupi ali ndi vutoli, nthawi yoti matendawa ayambe kuonekera imadalira momwe zizindikiro zake zilili zovuta komanso momwe matendawa amadziwikira mwachangu komanso momwe amachiritsidwira. Kulandira chithandizo msanga kumatha kusintha zizindikiro ndikupewa mavuto a nthawi yayitali. Komabe, ngati sichinachiritsidwe, chingayambitse kulumala komanso imfa.

Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kupeza upangiri wa dokotala pa vutoli?

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff, funani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo. Mungafunike kuyimbira dokotala wanu kapena kupita kuchipatala chapafupi kuti mukalandire chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Kupeza matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff si ntchito yophweka. Mungafunike kupita kuchipatala ndi kulandira chithandizo. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu, monga kuchepetsa kumwa mowa (kapena kusiya kumwa mowa wonse) ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Zinthu zimenezi zidzakuthandizani kwambiri kuchira.

Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu mosamala kuti muthane ndi mavuto ndi kuchiza zizindikiro. Iye adzapanga dongosolo losamalira lomwe lili loyenera kwa inu ndikukuthandizani kuti mukhalenso ndi thanzi labwino.

Matenda a Wernicke-Korsakoff ndi matenda osowa koma oopsa okumbukira zinthu. Amafunika chithandizo chachangu kuti achepetse zizindikiro ndikupewa mavuto. Pamene matendawa akupitirira, zizindikiro za mitsempha, monga kusokonezeka kwakukulu ndi kusokonezeka maganizo, zimachitika. Zizindikirozi zingapangitse kuti inu kapena munthu wapafupi nanu musamazindikire vuto lanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matendawa msanga. Dokotala wanu adzakulangizani njira yothandizira yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, nazi zinthu zazikulu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira zokhudza `Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome` zomwe tinakambirana:

• Uwu ndi matenda aakulu omwe amakhudza ubongo ndi kukumbukira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa thiamine (vitamini B1).
• Choopsa chachikulu ndi kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
• Gawo loyamba ndi matenda a Wernicke encephalopathy, omwe, ngati sanachiritsidwe, angayambitse vuto la kukumbukira kwa nthawi yayitali lotchedwa Korsakoff syndrome.
• Kusokonezeka maganizo, kuvutika kuyenda, mavuto a maso, ndi kuiwala zinthu kungakhale zizindikiro zazikulu.
• Kuzindikira matenda mwachangu komanso kulandira chithandizo chadzidzidzi ndi thiamine ndikofunikira.
• Ngakhale kuti sichingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, chithandizo choyambirira chingachepetse zizindikiro ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kosatha.
• Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akuwonetsa zizindikirozi, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Matenda a Wernicke -Korsakoff, kusowa kwa thiamine, vitamini B1, kumwa mowa, kulephera kukumbukira, matenda a ubongo, matenda a mitsempha