Mwana wanu ndi wokonda kukambirana kunyumba, koma kodi mudayamba mwada nkhawa pang'ono ndi momwe amachitira zinthu pagulu, pamaphwando, kapena kusukulu? Mwina amasokoneza pakati pa kukambirana. Kapena amanena zinazake zosagwirizana ndi kukambiranako. Kapena mumamva ngati sakumvetsa nkhope ndi malingaliro a anthu ena. Mukawona zinthuzi, makolo ena amaganiza kuti mwana wawo akuchita "zoipa" dala. Koma iyi ikhoza kukhala nkhani yozama yomwe tiyenera kukambirana.
Kodi Matenda a Chilankhulo cha Pragmatic ndi Chiyani?
Mwachidule, iyi ndi vuto la kulankhulana ndi anthu. Nthawi zina limatchedwanso "Matenda a Kulankhulana ndi Anthu". Vuto pano silili pakutchula mawu kapena kupanga ziganizo. Vuto ndi kusamvetsetsa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chilankhulo moyenera kwa anthu ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
Tangoganizani, ngati chilankhulo chikanakhala ngati galimoto, ana awa akanatha kuyendetsa galimoto, kutanthauza kuti, akanatha kulankhula mawu. Koma sadziwa malamulo a pamsewu. Sakumvetsa malamulo a chikhalidwe cha anthu oti ayime, amene apereke mpata, ndi nthawi yoti alize honi.
Kawirikawiri, timagwiritsa ntchito maluso atatu akuluakulu tikamagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo. Maluso onse atatu ndi ovuta kwa ana omwe ali ndi vutoli.
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo pa cholinga china chake: Kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo moyenera pazinthu monga kuyambitsa kukambirana mwa kunena 'moni', kupempha chinachake, kapena kufotokoza maganizo anu.
2. Kusintha chilankhulo chanu malinga ndi omvera kapena momwe zinthu zilili: Tangoganizani kuti mukulankhula ndi mwana wamng'ono, osati mphunzitsi kusukulu. Mukulankhula ndi bwalo lamasewera, osati kalasi. Umu ndi momwe mumasinthira chilankhulo chanu kuti chigwirizane ndi momwe zinthu zilili.
3. Kutsatira malamulo a anthu pokambirana: Kumvetsera wina akamalankhula ndikutenga nthawi yanu yolankhula, kukhalabe pa nkhani, kusunga malo anu, komanso kumvetsetsa nkhope ya munthu winayo ndi chilankhulo cha thupi lake.
Kodi zizindikiro zomwe zingawonekere pankhaniyi ndi ziti?
Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa makhalidwe omwe mungaone mwa mwana amene ali ndi vutoli. Izi zingakupangitseni kuganiza kuti ndi ana ouma mtima kwambiri kapena oipa. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti ndi ofooka.
| Vuto lomwe mwana amakumana nalo | Mwachidule, ndi chitsanzo... |
|---|---|
| Kulephera kumvetsetsa kuti womverayo alibe chidziwitso chokhudza nkhaniyi. | Mnzanu wochokera kusukulu akabwera kunyumba ndikukuuzani za chochitika, mwadzidzidzi amayamba kulankhula pakati pa nkhaniyi osanena chilichonse chokhudza mnzanuyo kapena gulu lomwe ali. Simukumvetsa chilichonse. |
| Kupita kunja kwa mutu. | Pamene aliyense akukamba za homuweki, mwadzidzidzi mwanayo akuyamba kulankhula za katuni yomwe adaonera. |
| Kulephera kumvetsetsa lingaliro lalikulu la nkhani kapena chochitika. | Munthu akakufunsani kuti, "Ndiye mwaphunzira chiyani kuchokera munkhaniyi?" mukamvetsera nkhani, simudziwa momwe mungayankhire. Mumalankhula za chinthu chaching'ono, chosasamalidwa munkhaniyi. |
| Kulephera kumvetsetsa zizindikiro zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa. | Mukakwiya ndi kuoneka ngati nkhope yowawa, mwanayo amapitiriza kusewera, osamvetsa. Samvetsa tanthauzo la nkhope za anthu ena, zinthu monga manja awo ogwirizana, ndi zina zotero. |
| Kulephera kumvetsetsa chilankhulo chosalunjika. | Nthabwala, mafanizo, ndi mawu onyodola zimatengedwa ngati zenizeni. Ngati wina anena kuti, "Njoka zam'mimba zikuvina pamene zili ndi njala," amaganiza kuti nyongolotsi zam'mimba zikuvina. |
| Kusamvetsetsa kuti munthu ayenera kulankhulana nthawi ndi nthawi. | Amasokoneza ena akamalankhula. Sakhala ndi kuleza mtima kuti apeze nthawi yolankhula. |
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti vutoli siliyenera kusokonezedwa ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Ngakhale mavuto olankhulana ndi anthu ndi chizindikiro cha autism, kuzindikira matenda a Pragmatic Language Disorder kumachitika kokha dokotala atachotsa matenda ena monga autism. Zizindikirozi zimatha kuwonekanso ndi matenda ena monga ADHD.
Kodi izi zimachiritsidwa bwanji?
Pali zolinga zazikulu zingapo zochizira izi.
- Kuzindikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mwana pamene akumuthandiza kuthana ndi zofooka zake.
- Kuphunzitsa luso latsopano la kucheza ndi anthu komanso kulimbikitsa mwana kuti azichita nawo zinthu zina.
- Kuthandiza mwana ndi banja lake kukhala bwino ndi vutoli.
Chithandizo chingasiyane. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna thandizo la katswiri wolankhula ndi chilankhulo pa izi. Dokotala wanu adzakutumizirani izi. Njira zina zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi izi:
- Nkhani Zokhudza Anthu: Nkhani yogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi mawu osavuta imaphunzitsa mwana momwe angakhalire pagulu (monga phwando la kubadwa).
- Kusewera gawo: Mwana amachita zinthu zovuta (monga kupita kusitolo ndikupempha china chake) ndi kholo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo.
- Mavidiyo owonetsera: Onetsani mavidiyo a ana omwe akuwonetsa momwe anthu amachitira zinthu m'malo osiyanasiyana ndipo kambiranani za iwo.
- Magulu a Anzawo: Ana amasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndi ana ena omwe ali ndi mavuto ofanana ndipo amaphunzitsidwa luso locheza ndi anthu motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wothandiza anthu.
Kodi inuyo monga makolo, mungathandize bwanji kunyumba?
Kupatula chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizo chomwe mumapereka kunyumba monga kholo ndi chamtengo wapatali kwambiri kwa mwana wanu. Yesani izi kuti muzichita zomwe mumaphunzira mu chithandizo chamankhwala kunyumba.
- Uzani mwana wanu kuti akuuzeni chochitika cha tsiku ndi tsiku kapena nkhani. Ngati mbali zina za nkhaniyi sizikumveka bwino, funsani mafunso monga, "Sindinamvetse zimenezo, mwana wanga, unkanena za ndani?" Mufotokozereni chifukwa chake mfundo zimenezo ndizofunikira kuti mumvetse nkhaniyi.
- Thandizani mwana wanu kumvetsetsa mutu wa zokambirana zomwe akumvetsera, akuwerenga, kapena akutenga nawo mbali.
- Yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zosagwiritsa ntchito mawu, monga kumwetulira, kukwinya nkhope, ndi kupinda manja anu. Funsani mwana wanu tanthauzo la chizindikiro chilichonse.
- Yesetsani kuyamba kukambirana ndi 'Moni' ndikumaliza ndi mawu akuti 'Ndibweranso posachedwa.'
- Yesetsani kuchita sewero lofanana momwe mungafotokozere chinthu chomwecho kwa anthu osiyanasiyana (monga agogo, mng'ono wanga, bwenzi). Kambiranani za momwe chilankhulo chiyenera kusinthira kutengera amene akulankhula.
- Mukauza mwana wanu nkhani, dala musatchule zina (monga kugwiritsa ntchito mawu otchulira dzina m'malo mwa mayina). Limbikitsani mwana wanu kuti akufunseni zina zomwe ayenera kudziwa kuti amvetse nkhaniyo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda Okhudza Chilankhulo Si khalidwe "loipa" kapena mtundu wa kuuma mtima mwa mwana. Ndi matenda enieni okhudzana ndi malo olankhulana a ubongo.
- Vuto pano si luso lolankhula mawu, koma luso logwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo m'njira yoyenera anthu.
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro izi, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndi kupita kwa dokotala wa banja lanu ndikukambirana za izi.
- Kuzindikira kumeneku kumachitika pokhapokha ngati mwanayo watsimikizira kuti alibe matenda ena, monga autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- Mankhwala monga kulankhula bwino komanso chithandizo chachikondi chomwe mumapereka kunyumba monga kholo chingathandize mwana wanu kukulitsa luso lake lolankhulana ndi anthu.
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