Kodi matenda a Sickle Cell ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule.

Mumadziwa za maselo ofiira a m'magazi anu. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ozungulira, osinthasintha, ngati mipira ya raba. Izi zimathandiza kuti azitha kuyenda mosavuta kudzera m'mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi m'thupi lanu ndikunyamula mpweya kupita ku ziwalo zonse za thupi lanu. Koma mwa anthu ena, maselo ofiira awa amakhala ngati chikwakwa (chooneka ngati C), olimba komanso omata. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha matenda a sickle cell (SCD). Ichi si matenda obadwa nawo, koma matenda a majini.

Kodi matenda a sickle cell (SCD) kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, matenda a sickle cell ndi matenda a majini omwe amakhudza maselo ofiira a m'magazi athu. Mkati mwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi amenewa muli puloteni yotchedwa hemoglobin . Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikutenga mpweya kuchokera m'mapapo ndikuugawa m'thupi lonse. Molekyu ya hemoglobin ya munthu wathanzi ndi yozungulira komanso yosalala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi ozungulira bwino.

Koma mwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a sickle cell, chifukwa cha vuto la majini, mawonekedwe a molekyulu ya hemoglobin iyi amasintha. Chifukwa cha hemoglobin yosazolowerekayi, maselo ofiira amagazi amakhala ngati chikwakwa, olimba, komanso omata. Tangoganizirani, chingachitike n’chiyani ngati mutayesa kutumiza zidutswa zamagazi zolimba, zofanana ndi chikwakwa kudzera mu chubu choonda, m’malo moyendetsa mipira yozungulira? Zingagwirizane n’kumatirira mu chubucho, sichoncho? Mofananamo, maselo ooneka ngati chikwakwa awa amamatirira mu mitsempha yathu yoonda yamagazi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana monga kupweteka kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi .

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za matendawa ndi ziti?

Makanda obadwa ndi matenda a sickle cell nthawi zambiri amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro ali ndi miyezi 5. Zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Zingasinthenso pakapita nthawi.

N’chifukwa chiyani matendawa amapezeka? Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi vuto la majini. Limayamba chifukwa cha vuto la jini (hemoglobin-beta gene) pa chromosome yathu 11, yomwe imagwira ntchito popanga hemoglobin.

Ngati makolo onse awiri ali ndi jini yolakwika iyi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti alibe matendawa koma ali ndi jini yomwe imayambitsa matendawa m'thupi lawo, mwana wawo ali ndi mwayi umodzi mwa anayi (25%) wobadwa ndi matendawa.

Ngati kholo limodzi lokha ndilo limatenga jini, mwanayo amakhala wonyamula matendawa. Nthawi zambiri sasonyeza zizindikiro, koma amatha kupatsira jiniyo kwa ana awo.

Padziko lonse lapansi, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku Africa, Middle East, Southern Europe, ndi Asian Indian.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa? (Kuzindikira)

Pali njira yosavuta yodziwira izi. Kuyezetsa magazi kosavuta kungathe kuzindikira kupezeka kwa hemoglobin yolakwika iyi. M'mayiko ambiri, khanda lililonse lobadwa kumene limayesedwa izi.

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mwapezeka ndi vutoli, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupimidwenso (monga kujambulidwa kwapadera kuti muwone ngati pali chiopsezo cha sitiroko). Ndipo, chifukwa ndi vuto la majini, muthanso kutumizidwa kwa mlangizi wa majini.

Ngati inu kapena mnzanu muli ndi matenda a sickle cell kapena muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mutha kuyezetsa madzi amniotic a mwana wanu panthawi ya mimba kuti muwone ngati ali ndi matendawa. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Pali zolinga zitatu zazikulu zochizira matenda a sickle cell:

• Kupewa mavuto a ululu
• Kulamulira zizindikiro ndi kupereka mpumulo
• Kupewa mavuto ena

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira izi.

Mankhwala

• Hydroxyurea: Mankhwalawa, omwe amatengedwa tsiku lililonse, amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda ndikuchepetsa mavuto monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi matenda opatsirana. Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kupewa kumwa mankhwalawa.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Ululu: Pakakhala ululu, mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe dokotala wakupatsani angathandize kuchepetsa ululu.
• Mankhwala ena: Mankhwala monga `Crizanlizumab` (jakisoni) ndi `L-glutamine` (ufa) akugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano kuchepetsa ululu, ndi mankhwala monga `Voxeletor` a kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

Mankhwala ena

• Kuika Magazi: Kupereka magazi abwino kungapewe mavuto monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi ziwalo.
• Kusamutsa maselo a tsinde: Uku ndi kusamutsa mafupa. Ana ena ndi achinyamata ali ndi kuthekera kochira kwathunthu matendawa kudzera mu izi. Komabe, wopereka chithandizo woyenera (nthawi zambiri wachibale wapafupi) ayenera kupezeka kuti achite izi.

Njira Zaposachedwa Zochiritsira: Chithandizo cha Majini

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, tsopano pali njira zochiritsira matenda opambana komanso odalirika. `Casgevy` ndi `Lyfgenia` ndi njira ziwiri zatsopano zochiritsira majini. Mwachidule, njirazi zimagwiritsa ntchito maselo oyambira omwe atengedwa kuchokera ku mafupa a wodwalayo, 'osinthidwa' pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa majini monga `(CRISPR)`, kutanthauza kukonza cholakwikacho, kusanduka maselo ofiira athanzi opanga magazi, kenako nkubwezeretsedwanso m'thupi. Uwu ndi njira yochiritsira yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe ingachiritse matendawa.

Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa matenda a sickle cell ndi malungo?

Nkhani iyi ndi yachilendo kwambiri. Malungo ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti jini ya sickle cell idapangidwa kuti iteteze anthu ku malungo. Kodi zimenezi zingatheke bwanji? Ngati munthu amene ali ndi matenda a sickle cell (osati matendawa, jini yokha) atenga malungo, sipamakhala vuto lalikulu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi ooneka ngati sickle amaletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo kukula bwino m'thupi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu omwe ali ndi jini iyi adapulumuka m'madera omwe malungo anali ofala, monga ku Africa.