Kodi munayamba mwaonapo kuti mukagwedeza pang'onopang'ono chomera cha chili, chomera cha phwetekere, kapena chomera cha maluwa chokongola m'munda mwanu, gulu la tizilombo tating'ono toyera timauluka mwadzidzidzi? Ndicho chimene tikunena: ntchentche zoyera, kapena 'ntchentche zoyera' monga momwe zimatchulidwira mu Chingerezi. Tizilombo tating'onoti ndi tizilombo toopsa kwambiri tomwe tingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'munda mwanu komanso m'zokolola zazikulu. Ngati sitingathe kuzilamulira pa nthawi yake, tingafalitse matenda ku zomera komanso kuwononga mbewu yonse. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana momwe tingadziwire ntchentche zoyera izi ndikupulumutsa munda wathu kwa izo.
Kodi ntchentche zoyera izi ndi ndani?
Ngakhale dzina lawo limati 'fly', malinga ndi sayansi, awa si ntchentche kwenikweni. Ali m'gulu la 'Homoptera'. Ili ndi gulu lomweli lomwe limaphatikizapo nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nthata, zomwe zimakhala pamitengo ngati guava. Chomwe chimawapangitsa kukhala apadera ndichakuti ali ndi ziwalo za pakamwa zomwe zimatha kuboola zomera ndikuyamwa madzi.
Pali mitundu yoposa 1500 ya ntchentche zoyera padziko lonse lapansi. Koma si zonse zomwe zimafalitsa matenda. Pali mitundu ingapo yofala yomwe imawononga mbewu m'maiko athu. Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zingapo.
| Ntchentche yoyera | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Ntchentche yoyera yobiriwira (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) | Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri. Umawononga ndiwo zamasamba monga nkhaka, tomato, ndi letesi, makamaka zomwe zimalimidwa m'minda, komanso maluwa okongoletsera. |
| Ntchentche yoyera ya Silverleaf (Bemisia argentifolia) | Tizilomboti timawononga kwambiri chifukwa timayamwa madzi ambiri a zomera kuposa ena. Dzina lake linachokera pa mfundo yakuti tikawononga zomera monga maungu, masamba ake amasanduka siliva. |
| Sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) | Mtundu uwu sumangowononga mbewu za mbatata zokha, komanso mbewu zina zambiri. Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti umalimbana ndi mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo. Ndicho chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kuzilamulira. |
| Ntchentche yoyera yokhala ndi mikwingwirima (Trialeurodes abutilonea) | Ngakhale kuti ndi ofanana ndi ena, awa ali ndi mikwingwirima pamapiko awo. Amawononga zomera monga thonje, geraniums, ndi hibiscus (duwa la nsapato). |
Kodi ntchentche zoyera izi zimawoneka bwanji?
Maonekedwe a ntchentche zoyera amasiyana malinga ndi gawo la moyo wawo.
- Mazira: Yaikazi imaikira mazira oyera kapena ofiirira pansi pa tsamba la chomera. Mazira awa amasanduka abuluu kapena ofiirira ndipo amaswa pakatha masiku ochepa.
- Nymph: Mphutsi zazing'ono zomwe zimatuluka m'dzira zimakhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya, looneka ngati chozungulira, lobiriwira ngati chikasu. Zimakhazikika pa tsamba ndikuyamba kuyamwa madzi mwa kulowetsa mkamwa mwa tsamba.
- Wamkulu: Ntchentche yoyera yokhwima bwino imaoneka ngati njenjete yaying'ono yoyera. Ili ndi mapiko anayi oyera ndi thupi lachikasu. Ili ndi utoto woyera, wonga sera m'thupi lonse.
Kodi ntchentche zoyera zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kotani kwa zomera?
Ntchentche zoyera zimawononga mitundu yoposa 1,000 ya zomera. Zimaika pakamwa pawo m'masamba a chomeracho ndikuyamwa madzi . Izi zimapitirira, zomwe zimafooketsa chomeracho.
Kuphatikiza apo, amayamwa madziwo ndipo amatulutsa chinthu chomata, chonga uchi chotchedwa "honeydew." Chinthuchi chikafika pamasamba, nkhungu yakuda imayamba kukula pa iwo. Izi zimatchedwa 'sooty mold.' Izi zikutanthauza kuti masamba salandira kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa ndipo sangathe kupanga photosynthesis bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chomera sichingapange chakudya. Izi zingayambitse kukula movutikira komanso kuchepa kwa zokolola. Pazochitika zoyipa kwambiri, chomeracho chingafe.
Mwachidule, ntchentche zoyera zimayamwa mphamvu ya chomera, zimafalitsa matenda, komanso zimafooketsa chomera.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji zizindikiro za kuwonongeka?
Yang'anirani zizindikiro izi kuti mudziwe ngati pali kuwonongeka kwa ntchentche zoyera m'munda mwanu.
- Masamba amasanduka achikasu, amafota, ndipo amagwa msanga.
- Madontho ang'onoang'ono otumbululuka kapena achikasu amaonekera pamasamba.
- Chomera sichikula bwino, palibe masamba atsopano.
- Kumva ngati masamba ndi nkhungu yakuda zikuoneka zomata.
- Chomera chikagwedezeka, ntchentche zoyera zimatuluka m'magulumagulu.
Kodi tingatani kuti tipewe tizilombo timeneti?
Chinthu chabwino kwambiri kuchita ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kuwonongekako kusanafike poipa kwambiri. Nazi njira zina zomwe mungayesere.
1. Kupewa
- Sungani ukhondo: Nthawi zonse sungani munda wanu ndi malo obzalamo zomera kukhala aukhondo. Chotsani udzu ndi masamba akufa, chifukwa ntchentche zoyera zimatha kuikira mazira m'malo amenewa.
- Yang'anani zomera zatsopano: Mukabweretsa chomera chatsopano kuchokera ku nazale kapena kwina, yang'anani mosamala ngati pali ntchentche zoyera kapena mazira, makamaka pansi pa masamba.
- Misampha Yachikasu Yomata: Ntchentche zoyera zimakopeka ndi mtundu wachikasu. Ngati mupaka chinthu chomata, monga mafuta, pa thumba lachikasu la polythene ndikuchipachika pafupi ndi zomera, zidzamatirira. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yowongolera ndi kuyang'anira ntchentche zoyera.
2. Kulamulira Zamoyo
Izi zikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito "tizilombo tina tomwe timadya ntchentche zoyera." Mwachitsanzo, mphutsi za lacewing zimadya ntchentche zoyera. Tizilombo tomwe timadya ntchentche zoyera tingagulidwe kwa ogulitsa zaulimi. Iyi ndi njira yosamalira chilengedwe.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo
Ngati kuwonongeka kuli kwakukulu, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, koma ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yomaliza .
Chofunika kwambiri: Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, tsatirani malangizo omwe ali pa botolo kapena pa paketi molondola . Musagwiritse ntchito mopitirira muyeso womwe walangizidwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwavala zovala zodzitetezera monga chophimba nkhope ndi magolovesi.
Kawirikawiri, ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwewo akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ntchentche zoyera zimazolowera ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi matenda. Chifukwa chake, zingakhale bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo mosinthana, ndi upangiri wochokera kwa munthu wodziwa bwino ntchito, monga mkulu wa zaulimi.
Makamaka kumbukirani! Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala oopsa. Angakhale oopsa kwambiri ngati atapakidwa m'thupi, atapumidwa, kapena atamezedwa mwangozi. Choncho, sungani mosamala kwambiri, kutali ndi ana aang'ono ndi ziweto.
Chochita pakakhala ngozi?
Ngati pali vuto lililonse la poizoni, pitani naye wodwalayo ku chipatala chapafupi cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) . Komanso, imbani National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital kuti akupatseni malangizo. Nthawi zonse tengani botolo kapena chizindikiro cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe mudagwiritsa ntchito posonyeza dokotala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ntchentche zoyera ndi tizilombo toopsa tomwe timayamwa madzi ochokera ku zomera, kuzifooketsa, komanso kufalitsa matenda.
- Yang'anani zomera zanu za m'munda nthawi zonse, makamaka pansi pa masamba.
- Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri. Kusunga munda kukhala woyera komanso kuyang'anira zomera zatsopano n'kofunika kwambiri.
- Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ganizirani ngati njira yomaliza. Tsatirani njira zodzitetezera ndipo tsatirani malangizo olembera mosamala.
- Ngati vutolo ndi lalikulu kapena mukuona kuti n’zovuta kulithetsa, funani thandizo kwa mkulu wa zaulimi wapafupi kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa.
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