Hari igihe twumva dufite ubwoba iyo tubonye impinduka nto mu maso yacu, si byo se? Cyane cyane iyo ibintu bitangiye kumera nk'ibitandukanye gato. Imwe muri izo ndwara yitwa
macular pucker . Ariko ntugahangayike, reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.
Iki ni iki (Macular Pucker)?
Tekereza ijisho ryawe nk'aho ari kamera. Hari urukuta inyuma y'iyi kamera, twita
retina . Ishusho yose ubona ifatwa kuri iyi retina, nk'ishusho. Hagati muri iyi retina, hari akantu gato koroshye cyane kitwa
macula . Tubona ibintu neza, cyane, dusoma igitabo, tukamenya inyuguti, kubera iyi macula. Noneho, muri iyi ndwara yitwa ``Macular Pucker``, ikibaho ni uko hejuru ya macula, hari urwego rwa cellophane, cyangwa membrane nto cyane, cyangwa
inkovu . Abaganga kandi bayita
``Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)`` , kandi bamwe bayita
``Cellophane Maculopathy``` . Uko uru rugingo rugenda rugabanuka buhoro buhoro, macula iri munsi nayo irakura kandi ikagira iminkanyari, nk'igitambaro. Ibyo nibyo byitwa ``Macular Pucker'' cyangwa 'macular puckering.'' Ibi ntibitera ibibazo bikomeye byo kureba kuri buri wese, ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora guhindura uburyo ubona ibintu, bigatuma bisa nk'aho bihindagurika.
Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?
Iyi ndwara yitwa `(Macular Pucker)` mu by’ukuri ikunze kugaragara cyane kurusha uko wabitekereza. Ubushakashatsi buherutse bwagaragaje ko igice kinini cy’abaturage bo mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bashobora kugira iyi ndwara.
Ibyago byo kuyirwara byiyongera uko abantu bakura. Ariko inkuru nziza ni uko abantu bose bafite `(Macular Pucker)` batazabona neza.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi? Wamenya ute ko ubifite?
Ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy'ibi ni uko
amaso yawe yo hagati ahinduka akajagari. By'umwihariko, imirongo igororotse, nk'amadirishya, imiryango, n'imirongo iri mu gitabo,
isa nkaho yarambuye cyangwa yacitse intege. Abaganga nabo bayita
"metamorphopsia." Tekereza urimo kureba hasi hashyizwemo amatafari, kandi imirongo igororotse iri hagati y'amatafari isa nkaho yacitse intege. Nubwo ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yombi, akenshi bigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa. Nubwo byaba biri mu maso yombi, ijisho rimwe rishobora kuba ribi gato kurusha irindi. Uretse imiterere isanzwe, ushobora no guhura n'ibi bikurikira:
- Ntabwo bisobanutse neza nkuko byari bimeze mbere, uko waba wegereye icyo ureba kose.
- Hari igihe ishusho imwe ishobora kugaragara nk'ibiri (ishusho ebyiri).
- Ishusho igaragara mu jisho rimwe ishobora kumvikana nk'aho ari nini kurusha irindi jisho.
Igikuru ni uko ikibazo cyo kutabona giterwa n'iyi "Macular Pucker"
kidakosorwa no kwambara indorerwamo. Kuki ibi bibaho? Impamvu ni izihe?
Mu magambo make, hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutuma filime ikorwa kuri macula. Dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi:
- Umwobo cyangwa amarira muri retina.
- Kugira amateka yo gucika kw'ijisho mu gihe cyashize.
- Kubagwa amaso mbere (urugero, kubagwa isura y'amaso).
- Ihungabana ry'amaso.
- Indwara zigaragara mu jisho.
- Indwara z'amaso ziterwa na diyabete (Diabete-related retina disease / Diyabetetic Retinopathy)
- Indwara zo kubyimba zigaragara imbere mu jisho ( Kubyimba mu jisho / Uveitis )
Ikindi kintu ni uko rimwe na rimwe iyi `(Macular Pucker)` ishobora kubaho nta mpamvu igaragara. Yitwa `(Idiopathic Macular Pucker)`, bivuze ko nta mpamvu ishobora kuboneka.
Ese iyi ni indwara yandura?
Oya, oya rwose. `(Macular Pucker)` si indwara yandura. Ntushobora kuyindura iturutse ku wundi muntu, cyangwa ngo uyivure iturutse ku wundi muntu.
Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibi?
Twamaze kuvuga ko gusaza ari ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera ibyago. Byongeye kandi, ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu maso bishobora kwiyongera niba:
- Niba ufite "Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD)``, aho urumogi rwa vitreous ( ikintu kimeze nk'umusemburo uri mu jisho ryawe) rutandukana na retina. Ibi ni ibintu bikunze kubaho uko ugenda usaza.
- Niba warigeze kubagwa amaso hakoreshejwe laser , cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kubaga amaso , nko kubagwa isura y'amaso.
- Niba warigeze kugira ikibazo cyo gucika kw'ijisho cyangwa gucika kw'ijisho .
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kubyimba mu maso nka uveitis .
- Niba ufite diyabete retinopathy .
- Niba hari igikomere gikomeye mu jisho .
Ni izihe ngorane ibi bishobora gutera?
`(Macular Pucker)` ishobora gutera
ububabare bwo kureba . Ibyo bivuze ko kureba kwawe gushobora kuba kutumvikana cyangwa kugaragara nabi. Ariko
Amahirwe yo guhuma burundu kubera ibi ni make cyane. Nta kintu na kimwe cyo guhangayikishwa nacyo. Ariko niba ubonye impinduka mu kureba kwawe, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga. Ni gute umuganga abimenya?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga w’amaso, abanza kukubaza ibimenyetso byawe n’amateka y’uburwayi bwawe. Hanyuma, azashyira ibitonyanga by’amaso bikura mu maso yawe hanyuma asuzume imbere mu jisho ryawe. Ibi bitonyanga bikoreshwa kugira ngo muganga abone neza retina na macula yawe. Ni ibihe bizamini birimo gukorwa?
Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso yawe, muganga wawe azakoresha urumuri rwihariye n'indorerwamo igabanya ubukana bw'amaso kugira ngo arebe amaso yawe. Byongeye kandi, bashobora gukora ibizamini nk'ibi kugira ngo bamenye niba ufite indwara ya macular pucker:- Ikizamini cy'amaso cya Amsler Grid: Muri iki kizamini, uhabwa agapapuro gato gashushanyijeho kare. Gafite imirongo itambitse n'ihagaze. Iyo urebye iyi mirongo, niba isa n'aho yarambuye, ipfutse, cyangwa niba hari kare zitarimo, ibi bishobora kugufasha kumenya niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutabona.
- Gupima Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Iyi ni scan ikorwa hifashishijwe kamera yihariye. Ifata amashusho asobanutse neza ya retina na macula yawe, nk'igice cya keke. Ni nko kureba mu gice cya keke. Iyi scan ya OCT irashobora kukwereka niba hari iminkanyari ya macula, cyangwa macular pucker, n'ubukana bwayo.
Ivurwa ite? Twakora iki?
Si indwara zose zo mu maso zikenera kuvurwa. Niba ibimenyetso byawe bidakomeye kandi amaso yawe atagize ingaruka zikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira kwitegereza indwara igihe runaka . Ibi bivuze ko uza kwisuzumisha amaso buri gihe. Ariko, niba bikenewe kuvurwa, hari uburyo bwo kubaga no kubaga. Kuvura hatabayeho kubagwa (ubuvuzi budakoresha imiti igabanya ubukana)
Ku ndwara yo mu bwoko bwa macular pucker idasaba kubagwa, ushobora gukora ibi bikurikira kugira ngo worohereze ubuzima bwawe bwa buri munsi:- Indorerwamo nshya: Nubwo indorerwamo zidashobora gukosora burundu imiterere mibi y’amaso iterwa no kuvura amagufwa y’amaso, imiti mishya ishobora kugufasha kunoza icyerekezo cyawe muri rusange.
- Umucyo mwiza: Mu gihe usoma ibitabo cyangwa ukora akazi koroshye, kubikorera ahantu hafite urumuri rwinshi, no gukoresha amatara yo gusoma bishobora gufasha kugabanya umunaniro w'amaso.
- Ibikoresho byo kongera ubwiza:Niba ufite ikibazo cyo gusoma inyandiko nto, ushobora gukoresha indorerwamo zo gukuza cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
Ubuvuzi bwo kubaga
Niba amaso yawe yagizweho ingaruka zikomeye n'indwara yo kubabara mu maso, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kubagwa. Ubu buryo bwo kubaga bwitwa vitrectomy hamwe no gukuraho membrane .- Ubu buryo ni uburyo bwo kuvura hanze , bivuze ko udakeneye kuguma mu bitaro, kandi ushobora gutaha umunsi umwe nyuma yo kubagwa.
- Ubu buryo bwo kubaga bukubiyemo gukata uduce duto cyane mu jisho, gukuraho akantu gato kameze nk'umusemburo mu jisho (vitreous humor), no gukuraho witonze inkovu cyangwa uturemangingo twakozwe hejuru y'ijisho. Ubu buryo ni uburyo bwo kubaga bugoye cyane.
Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa no kubagwa? Ese nkwiye gutinya?
Nkuko bigenda mu kubagwa kose, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zishobora guterwa no kubagwa mu buryo bwa vitrectomy. Ariko itsinda ry'abaganga rizakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bagabanye izo ngaruka. Dore zimwe mu ngorane zishobora kubaho:- Kuva amaraso .
- Kwandura indwara .
- Gucika cyangwa kwangirika kw'ijisho .
- Iyo urwaye cataract, izarushaho kuba mbi.
- Umwobo muri macula (umwobo wa macular) ubaho (ibi ni gake cyane).
- Ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko mu jisho, bivuze ko habaho indwara ya glaucoma .
Ariko ibuka ko amahirwe yo kuba ibi bibaho ari make cyane, kandi abaganga bazagusobanurira neza ibi. Nzakira vuba gute nyuma yo kuvurwa?
Niba warabazwe hakoreshejwe vitrectomy, kureba kwawe gushobora kuba kutagaragara neza mu minsi mike nyuma yo kubagwa. Amaso yawe ashobora kuba ababara kandi akumva adatuje. Ibi ni ibisanzwe. Ntuzashobora kujya ku kazi cyangwa ku ishuri mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine nyuma yo kubagwa. Ni ngombwa kuruhuka amaso yawe muri iki gihe. Ntugomba kandi gutwara imodoka ako kanya nyuma yo kubagwa. Bishobora gufata amezi atatu kugira ngo kureba kwawe kurusheho kuba neza no kugira ngo ubone ibyiza byose byo kubagwa. Ihangane rero. Ese hari uburyo bwo gukumira ibi?
Hari igihe, cyane cyane mu gihe umuntu afite ikibazo cy’amaso kidasanzwe, nta buryo busobanutse bwo kucyirinda. Ariko, ibintu nko kwirinda indwara z’amaso ziterwa na diyabete ( ni ukuvuga gukomeza kugenzura diyabete yawe) no kwirinda gukomereka mu maso bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara iyo ndwara. Ni iki nkwiye kwitega mu gihe nzaba ndi muri iki kibazo?
Twavuze ko abarwayi benshi ba `(Macular Pucker)` badakenera ubuvuzi bwihariye. Icyo ugomba gukora ni ugusuzuma amaso buri gihe hakurikijwe gahunda yatanzwe na muganga wawe. Hanyuma, muganga wawe ashobora kureba niba hari impinduka mu kureba kwawe no ku buzima bw'amaso yawe. Ushobora kugira ibibazo byo kureba bitewe na `(Macular Pucker)`, ariko ntugahangayike ko bizagutera ubuhumyi busesuye. Amahirwe ni make cyane. Niba mfite iyi ndwara, nakwiyitaho nte?
Umaze kumenya ko ufite uruhu rwo mu maso (macular pucker), hari ibintu byinshi wakora kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe:- Ntucikwe n'amatariki yo gusuzuma amaso yatanzwe na muganga.
- Gukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange. Ibyo bivuze kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.
- Kurikiza ingeso nziza zo kwita ku buzima bw'amaso. Urugero, wambare indorerwamo z'izuba iyo uri ku zuba, karaba intoki zawe neza mbere yo gukora ku maso yawe, kandi niba wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso (contact lenses) , zikoreshe neza nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse.
- Niba unywa itabi , gerageza kurireka. Kunywa itabi si byiza ku maso yawe. Niba ukeneye ubufasha bwo kurireka, baza muganga.
Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?
Niba ubonye impinduka zitunguranye mu kureba kwawe , urugero nko kutabona neza, kwiyongera k'iminkanyari, cyangwa ibintu bigaragara nk'ibibara by'umukara, hita ubonana na muganga w'amaso. Niba wumva ugiye guta ubwenge, cyangwa ukagira ububabare bukomeye mu maso, jya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ako kanya, cyangwa muri Sri Lanka, hamagara Serivisi y’Abarwayi b’Abatabazi yo mu 1990.
Yego, izi ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye. Ariko ibimenyetso rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba bisa. Gucika intege mu maso no kwangirika kw'amagufwa (AMD) byombi ni indwara zigira ingaruka ku macula. Muri izo ndwara zombi, kureba kwawe ku ruhande rw'umubiri ntabwo bikunze kugerwaho, ariko kureba kwawe hagati kuragerwaho n'ingaruka. Muri AMD, uturemangingo two mu maso turacika intege kandi tukangirika uko imyaka igenda ishira. Muri gucika intege mu maso, hari urwego rukora ku macula, bigatuma icika iminkanyari. Uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye. None se, macular pucker na macular hole ni kimwe?
Oya, ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. "Macular pucker" ni ukugwa kw'inyama muri retina. Ariko umwobo muri macula ni "umwobo wa macular."Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, bivuze ko mu by’ukuri hari umwobo muto muri macula. Hari igihe kugira `(Macular Pucker)` byongera ibyago byo kurwara `(Macular Hole)` nyuma, ariko si garanti. Ibimenyetso bigaragara bya `(Macular Hole)` akenshi biba bikomeye kurusha ibya `(Macular Pucker)`. Nanone, `(Macular Hole)` ikunze gusaba kubagwa. Hanyuma, hari ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kuzirikana:
Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba no guhangayika gato iyo wumvise bwa mbere ko ufite indwara yitwa `(Macular Pucker)`, kandi ko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kureba kwawe. Ariko ibuka ko indwara nyinshi za `(Macular Pucker)` zidasaba ubuvuzi bwihariye. Muganga wawe azakubwira amahitamo yawe kandi agufashe guhitamo intambwe ikurikiraho ikubereye. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugusuzuma amaso buri gihe. Muganga wawe w'amaso azakubwira inshuro ugomba gusuzumwa amaso yawe. Ntukibagirwe kumenyesha muganga wawe impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu kureba kwawe, ndetse no ku ntoya. Muri ubwo buryo, niba hari ikintu kigomba gukorwa, ushobora kuvurwa vuba. Rero, ndizera ko aya makuru azagufasha. Wite ku maso yawe!
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