Reka twige gusa ibyerekeye sisitemu y'imitsi: Umwirinzi wihishe w'umubiri wacu!

Ese wigeze utekereza ko hari undi muyoboro utangaje mu mubiri wacu, usibye urusobe rw'amaraso? Uru ni urusobe rukora nk'ingabo z'umubiri wacu kandi rufasha mu kubungabunga umubiri wacu. Ibyo ni byo twita sisitemu y'imitsi, cyangwa mu Cyongereza, `(Sisitemu y'imitsi)`. Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi, sibyo?

Sisitemu y'imitsi ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Tekereza uburyo bwo kugabanya imiyoboro mito mu mubiri wawe. Amazi adafite ibara kandi y’amazi atembera muri iyo miyoboro. Ayo mazi ni yo twita "lymph." Sisitemu ya lymphatic igizwe n’iyi miyoboro ya lymphatic, lymph nodes, n’izindi ngingo nyinshi zihariye. Ibi byose bikorana kugira ngo amazi ya lymphatic agaruke mu maraso yacu.

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, sisitemu y'imitsi ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ni ukuvuga ko igira uruhare runini mu kuturinda indwara, ikarwanya udukoko twinjira mu mubiri, kandi ikangiza uturemangingo bishaje, tudasanzwe umubiri utagikeneye. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu y'imitsi ifasha kandi kugumana urugero rw'amazi mu mubiri kandi ikanyunyuza ibinure na vitamine bishongesha ibinure bivuye mu biribwa turya mu maraso. Ibyo ntibitangaje se?

Ni izihe serivisi sisitemu y'imitsi iduha?

Reka turebe umurimo w'ingenzi iyi sisitemu y'imitsi ikora ku mubiri wacu.

• Gukusanya amazi arenze urugero mu mubiri no kuyasubiza mu maraso: Hari amazi arenze urugero yikusanyirije mu ngingo z'umubiri wacu. Imwe mu nshingano zayo z'ingenzi ni ugukusanya aya mazi no kuyasubiza mu maraso. Ibi ni ukugira ngo amazi akomeze kuba meza mu mubiri. Nanone, iyi sisitemu ifasha mu gushungura imyanda n'uturemangingo tudasanzwe muri aya mazi.
• Bifasha mu kwinjiza ibinure: Intungamubiri nyinshi ziri mu byo turya zishobora kwinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu mwenge muto uri mu mitsi yacu y'amaraso (capillaries). Ariko, hari ubwoko bumwe bw'ibinure n'uturemangingo tunini bidashobora kwinjiza muri ubu buryo. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu ya lymphatic ikusanya amazi arimo utwo tunyangingo mu mara yacu ikayajyana mu maraso.
• Kurinda umubiri abawutera: Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, sisitemu y'amaraso ni igice kinini cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Ikora kandi ikarekura lymphocytes , ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, n'utundi turemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Utu turemangingo dufite inshingano zo gushaka no gusenya abawutera nka bagiteri, virusi, udukoko, n'ibihumyo bigerageza kwinjira mu mubiri.

Tekereza, niba umubiri wacu ari umujyi munini, sisitemu y'imitsi imeze nk'itsinda ryihariye ribungabunga isuku y'uwo mujyi, rigakuraho imyanda, kandi rikawurinda ibitero by'umwanzi.

Iyi sisitemu ya limfu ikora ite? Reka tubirebe mu buryo burambuye.

Iki ni igikorwa gishimishije cyane. Tega amatwi...

Buri munsi, igice cy'amazi cy'amaraso yacu, cyitwa plasma,Litiro zigera kuri 20 z'amazi zisohoka mu mwobo muto uri mu miyoboro yacu y'amaraso. Ni nk'amazi ava mu ipamba. None se aya mazi ajya he? Aya mazi ajyana ogisijeni n'intungamubiri mu turemangingo dukikije imiyoboro y'amaraso. Uturemangingo twunguka neza izi ntungamubiri, ariko dusiga imyanda inyuma.

Rero, iyi plasma ikusanya iyo myanda hanyuma igasubira mu maraso nk'uko yavuye, binyuze mu mwenge w'imitsi. Litiro zigera kuri 17 za plasma zisubizwa mu maraso muri ubwo buryo buri munsi. Mu ntangiriro, litiro 20 zirasohoka, hanyuma litiro zigera kuri 3 zigasigara mu ngingo z'umubiri, si byo se?

Aho niho sisitemu yacu ya lymphatic igera. Imiyoboro myiza cyane ya lymphatic ikusanya aya mazi asigaye mu ngingo. Muri uru rugendo, amazi ahindura izina: ntabwo akitwa plasma, ahubwo yitwa lymph . Hanyuma, muri iyo miyoboro ya lymphatic, lymph yoherezwa mu miyoboro minini gato, yitwa imiyoboro ya lymphatic.

Udusimba dukomeza kunyura muri iyi miyoboro y'amaraso, amaherezo tugahuza imiyoboro ibiri mikuru iri hejuru y'igituza cyacu. Iyi yitwa umuyoboro w'amaraso wa right lymphatic na throat duct . Iyi miyoboro ni nk'aho binjirira mu muhanda munini. Iyi miyoboro ibiri ihuza imiyoboro minini iri inyuma y'igufwa ryacu (imiyoboro ya subclavian), maze amazi ya lymph akarekurwa muri iyo miyoboro. Kuva aho, amazi ya lymph yongera kwinjira mu maraso agatangira gutembera mu mubiri wose. Urabyumva?

Ni izihe ngingo ziri mu buryo bwa limfu?

Sisitemu y'imitsi si urugingo rumwe, ahubwo ni sisitemu igizwe n'ibintu byinshi. Reka turebe ingingo z'ingenzi:

• Umwobo w'amagufwa: Iki ni igice cyoroshye kandi gifite umuyoboro kiri mu magufwa amwe (nk'igufwa ryo mu kibuno, uruti rw'umugongo, n'igufwa riri hagati mu gituza). Akamaro k'ingenzi k'umusobo w'amagufwa ni ugukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, uturemangingo dutukura, n'udupira tw'amaraso.
• Thymus: Uru rugingo ruherereye mu gituza cyo hejuru, munsi gato y'igufwa ry'ibere. Rukora cyane mu gihe cy'ubwangavu. Uturemangingo twa T , ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, tuba twuzuye hano. Utwo turemangingo twa T dufasha umubiri kurwanya abaduteye b'abanyamahanga.
• Utunyangingo tw’imitsi: Utu ni utwuma dusa n’ibishyimbo. Uko utwo tunyangingo tunyuramo, turadusukura kandi tukatugenzura. Dukuraho uturemangingo twangiritse n’utunyangingo twa kanseri. Nanone tubika uturemangingo tw’imitsi n’utundi tunyangingo tw’ubudahangarwa twangiza ibintu byangiza nka bagiteri. Hari utwo tunyangingo tw’imitsi tugera kuri 600 mu mibiri yacu. Tumwe muri two dufatanye mu minyururu. Hari igihe ushobora kumva utwo tunyangingo tw’imitsi ahantu nko mu kwaha, mu nda no mu ijosi. Tumwe tuba turi mu mubiri rwagati.
• Udusimba:Uru ni rwo rugingo runini mu mikorere ya limfu. Ruherereye ibumoso bwacu, munsi y'imbavu, hejuru y'igifu. Udusimba dutonyanga amaraso yacu kandi tugakuraho uturemangingo dushaje kandi tudakora neza. Nanone kandi, rubika uturemangingo dutukura n'udupira tw'amaraso kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu gihe umubiri ubikeneye.
• Udukoko twa lymphoid dufitanye isano na mucosa (MALT): Uru rugingo ruboneka ahantu henshi h'ingenzi mu mibiri yacu. Urugero, ruboneka mu tunyangingo, mu nzira z'ubuhumekero, mu mara mato, no mu gice cy'inyongera. Umurimo wa MALT ni ugushaka no kurimbura mikorobe zishobora kutugiraho ingaruka mbi.

Ni ibihe bice bindi bigize sisitemu y'imitsi?

Sisitemu y'imitsi ni itsinda rinini. Izindi ngingo zikomeye muri iyi sisitemu ni izi:

• Lymph: Lymph, cyangwa lymph fluid, ni amazi arenze urugero ava mu turemangingo n'ingingo z'umubiri wacu kandi ntayongere kwinjira mu mitsi. Irimo ibintu byinshi, birimo poroteyine, imyunyungugu, ibinure, uturemangingo twangiritse, uturemangingo twa kanseri, n'uburozi. Lymph kandi itwara uturemangingo tw'amaraso (lymphocytes) barwanya indwara.
• Imiyoboro y'amaraso ikoresha imiyoboro ya lymphatic: Iyi ni urusobe rw'imiyoboro igoranye inyura mu mibiri yacu. Imiyoboro mito ni imiyoboro ya lymphatic. Iyi miyoboro ihurira hamwe igakora imiyoboro minini, amaherezo ihuza imiyoboro ibiri y'ingenzi iri mu gituza cyo hejuru. Amazi ya lymphatic anyura muri iyi miyoboro bitewe no guhumeka kw'imitsi yegereye no kwihuta kw'imitsi. Iyi miyoboro ifite utunyangingo twemerera lymph gutembera mu cyerekezo kimwe gusa.
• Imiyoboro ikusanya: Imiyoboro ibiri y'ingenzi iri mu gituza cyo hejuru (umuyoboro w'iburyo wa lymphatic n'umuyoboro w'igituza) niho lymph fluid ihurira mu mitsi ya subclavian inyuma y'amagufwa yacu. Iyi ni nk'aho lymph fluid yongera kwinjira mu maraso.
• Tonsils na adenoide: Izi zifite uruhare mu gufata udukoko twinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu byo turya no mu mwuka duhumeka. Ni zo nzira ya mbere yo kwirinda abatwibasira. Tonsils ziherereye inyuma y'umuhogo wacu. Adenoide ziherereye inyuma y'izuru, ariko zikora gusa mu bwana.

Ni izihe ndwara n'ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi?

Hari indwara nyinshi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by'urusobe rw'amaraso rwacu. Zimwe muri zo zibaho mbere yo kuvuka cyangwa mu bwana. Izindi ziterwa n'uburwayi cyangwa imvune. Dore zimwe mu ndwara n'indwara zikunze kugaragara zijyanye n'urusobe rw'amaraso:

• Lymphadenopathy: Uduce twa lymphadenopathy dushobora kubyimba bitewe n'indwara zandurira mu mitsi, kubyimba, na kanseri. Indwara zo mu muhogo nka strep throat, mononucleosis, na VIH nazo zishobora gutuma utwo duce twa lymphadenitis tubyimba, kimwe n'indwara z'uruhu. Iyo utwo duce twa lymphadenitis tubyimba bitewe n'indwara cyangwa indwara ya kanseri, byitwa lymphadenitis .
• Kubyimba bitewe no kwirundanya kw'amazi (Lymphedema):Lymphedema ishobora kubaho iyo sisitemu y'imitsi ifunze kubera inkovu ziyongera mu turemangingo cyangwa mu turemangingo. Ibi bishobora no kubaho iyo uturemangingo tw'imitsi dukuweho mu rwego rwo kuvura indwara nka kanseri. Lymphedema ikunze guterwa no kwibumbira mu maboko cyangwa ku maguru. Hari igihe ishobora kubyimba gato, cyangwa ikaba ibabaza cyane ku buryo igorana gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Abantu bafite lymphedema bashobora kwandura indwara zikomeye z'uruhu zishobora kuba zikomeye ndetse zikanashyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga.
• Lymphoma: Lymphoma ni kanseri ikura mu turemangingo tw’umubiri. Iterwa no gukura no kwiyongera kw’uturemangingo twitwa lymphocytes. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa lymphocytes, nka ``Hodgkin's lymphoma'' na ``non-Hodgkin's lymphoma''. Nanone, ibibyimba bya kanseri bishobora kuziba imiyoboro y’amaraso no kubangamira urujya n’uruza rw’amaraso hafi y’uturemangingo tw’umubiri.

Izindi ndwara:

• Lymphangitis: Iyi ni indwara yo kubyimba imiyoboro y'amaraso yawe.
• Lymphangioma: Iyi ni indwara ivukanwa. Gukura cyane kw'imiyoboro ya lymph bituma udukoko tw’ibishishwa bitari kanseri kandi byuzuye amazi bivuka munsi y'uruhu.
• Lymphangiectasia yo mu mara: Kubura kw'uturemangingo twa lymphatic mu mara mato bituma poroteyine, gamma globulines, albumin, na lymphocytes bisohoka mu mubiri.
• Lymphocytosis: Muri iki kibazo, umubare wa lymphocytes mu mubiri wiyongera birenze ibisanzwe.
• Filariasis y'imitsi: Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'udukoko duto duto dutuma sisitemu y'imitsi ikora nabi.
• Indwara ya Castleman: Iyi iterwa no kwiyongera cyane kw'uturemangingo mu mubiri.
• Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara aho uturemangingo tumeze nk'imitsi dutangira gukura mu buryo butunguranye mu bihaha, mu duce tw'imitsi no mu mpyiko.
• Indwara ya Autoimmune lymphoproliferative: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara mu buryo bw'uturemangingo itera lymphocytes nyinshi mu turemangingo tw'imitsi, umwijima n'umwobo.
• Mesenteric lymphadenitis: Iyi ni indwara yo kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'umura mu nda (mu nda).

Ni ibihe bipimo bishobora gufasha kumenya ubuzima bw'imitsi yanjye?

Kugira ngo arebe uko sisitemu yawe ya limfu ikora neza, muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibizamini byo gufata amashusho, nka "Computed Tomography (CT scan)" cyangwa "Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)". Muganga wawe azakubwira ibyavuye muri ibi bizamini n'uko bishobora kukugiraho ingaruka.

Nakora iki kugira ngo sisitemu yanjye y'imitsi ikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza?

Kugira ngo sisitemu yawe ya limfu ikomeze gukomera no kugira ubuzima bwiza, ugomba gukora ibi bikurikira:

• Irinde guhura n'imiti y'uburozi iboneka mu miti yica udukoko n'ibicuruzwa bisukura. Iyi miti ishobora kwirundanya mu mubiri wawe bigatuma bigorana ko umubiri wawe uyungurura imyanda.
• Nywa amazi menshi . Ibi bizagufasha kugumana amazi menshi kandi bifashe amazi ya lymph gutembera byoroshye mu mubiri wawe wose.
• Kurikiza ubuzima bwiza . Ibi birimo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe no kurya indyo yuzuye. Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha inama zihariye bitewe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe n'ibyo ukeneye.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Shaka muganga niba ufite ibi bimenyetso:

• Umunaniro ukabije.
• Utudomo tw’imitsi tubyimba. Iki gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’indwara isanzwe, nko kubabara mu muhogo, cyangwa kikaba ikimenyetso cy’indwara ikomeye kurushaho, nka kanseri cyangwa virusi itera SIDA.
• Kubyimba bimara ibyumweru birenga bike nta mpamvu kandi bibangamira imirimo ya buri munsi.

Iyo turebye igishushanyo mbonera cy'umubiri w'umuntu, amaso yacu ahita ajya ku ngingo nini nk'umutima n'ubwonko, cyangwa ku mirongo itukura ihagarariye imitsi yacu. Ariko, hari urundi rusobe rw'imirongo rudakunze kugaragara muri izo mbonerahamwe, ariko ni ingenzi kimwe - urusobe rw'imiyoboro yoroshye itwara amazi y'imitsi mu mibiri yacu. Kimwe n'imihanda izenguruka umujyi, imitsi yacu y'amaraso n'imitsi y'imitsi ikwirakwiriye mu mfuruka zose z'umubiri wacu, ikaduha ibyo dukeneye, kandi igakora indi mirimo myinshi y'ingenzi kugira ngo dukomeze gukomera.

Sisitemu yacu ya limfu ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ndwara zitandukanye, zishobora kubangamira imirimo yacu ya buri munsi. Niba ufashwe n'indwara nk'iyi, ushobora kumva utangaye kandi ukagira ubwoba ku gihe kizaza. Kumenya byinshi ku sisitemu ya limfu n'uko ikora bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibirimo kuba mu mubiri wawe n'uburyo ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha. Baza muganga wawe amakuru arambuye ku sisitemu yawe ya limfu n'uko imeze.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

Noneho rero, ibi ni byo by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kuzirikana mu byo twaganiriyeho uyu munsi:

• Sisitemu y'imitsi ni ubwirinzi bw'ingenzi cyane kandi bwihishe mu mubiri wacu. Ni igice kinini cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu.
• Ubu buryo bufasha mu kubungabunga uburinganire bw'amazi mu mubiri, kwinjiza ibinure, no kurwanya uburozi .
• Ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri cyangwa kubyimba ibice bitandukanye by'umubiri wawe.
• Ushobora gukomeza ubuzima bwiza bw'imitsi yawe unywa amazi menshi kandi ukabaho ubuzima bwiza .

Rero, ndizera ko ufite igitekerezo cyiza ku bijyanye na sisitemu ya limfu. Kumenya ibintu nk'ibi bizagufasha cyane mu kwita ku buzima bwawe.

"Ubudahangarwa bw'imitsi, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, urwagashya, ubuzima