Uturemangingo dutukura ni serivisi yo gutanga umwuka uhumeka ijyana umwuka uhumeka kuri buri turemangingo n'ingingo mu mubiri wawe. Tekereza uko bigenda iyo iyi serivisi yo gutanga umwuka idakora neza? Umubiri wawe ntubona umwuka uhumeka ukeneye. Ni bwo dutangira kumva tunaniwe, tunaniwe, kandi tudafite umwuka uhagije. Mu magambo make, iyi ni yo ndwara twita anemia, cyangwa nk'uko abantu benshi babizi, 'anemia.'
Iyo tuvuze ku ndwara yo kubura amaraso, abenshi muri twe batekereza ku ndwara yo kubura icyuma. Ubwo ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Ariko se wari uzi ko hari n'ubwoko budasanzwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso bukunze kugaragara mu bantu bake gusa? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri bumwe muri ubwo bwoko bw'indwara yo kubura amaraso tutarabyumva cyane.
Anemia yo mu bwoko bwa Aplastic
Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umubiri wacu, ni ukuvuga uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, na plaquettes, bikorerwa n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu musokoro w'amagufwa. Tekereza ko uturemangingo tw'amagufwa ari uruganda rukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Iyo abakozi bo muri uru ruganda, bitwa uturemangingo tw'amaraso, bangiritse, ntibashobora gukora uturemangingo dushya tw'amaraso. Ibyo ni byo twita aplastic anemia.
Iyi ndwara ishobora kubaho igihe umuntu avuka (akuragwa gene ivuye ku mubyeyi), cyangwa ikazagaruka nyuma. Ubwoko bw'itangira nyuma bukunze kugaragara. Hari igihe ibi bishobora kuba iby'igihe gito.
Ibintu bishobora kubitera nyuma:
- Indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri nka lupus na rubagimpande.
- Guhura n'ibinyabutabire nk'imiti yica udukoko, arsenic, na benzene.
- Indwara nka hepatite, virusi ya Epstein-Barr, na virusi itera SIDA.
- Imirasire na chimiotherapie ku ndwara ya kanseri.
Byongeye kandi, bishobora no guterwa n'indwara z'uruhererekane nka Fanconi anemia. Ibimenyetso nko guhumeka nabi, isereri, kuribwa umutwe, uruhu rwerurutse, kubabara mu gituza, na tachycardia biragaragara. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo guterwa amaraso no guterwa uturemangingo tw'umubiri .
Anemia ya Sideroblastic
Iyi nayo ni indwara y'amaraso. Icyaba gihari ni uko umubiri wawe udashobora gukoresha icyuma gikenewe kugira ngo ukore hemoglobine, poroteyine itwara ogisijeni mu maraso. Hanyuma icyuma kidakoreshwa kikiyongera mu mubiri, kikarema ubwoko budasanzwe bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso twitwa sideroblasts.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibi kandi:
1. Ubwoko bw'indwara: Ishobora guterwa n'imiti cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe.
2. Ubwoko bw'umurage:Biterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo igira ingaruka ku ikorwa rya hemoglobine.
Ibimenyetso nko kubabara mu gatuza, umutima utera cyane, kuribwa umutwe, guhumeka nabi, ndetse no kunanirwa cyane bishobora kugaragara muri ubwo bwoko bwombi. Ubuvuzi buterwa n'impamvu. Iyo biterwa n'umuti cyangwa imiti runaka, bigomba kwirindwa. Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura burimo kuvura Vitamine B6 no gutera umwongo w'amagufwa.
Indwara ya Myelodysplastic (MDS)
Iyi ifatwa nk'ubwoko bwa kanseri. Icyaba ari uko umwongo w'amagufwa yawe wangiritse kandi ntushobora gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima duhagije.
Hari abantu bavukana gene itera iyo ndwara. Nanone, umubare muto w'abantu bashobora kurwara MDS nyuma yo gukoresha imirasire cyangwa imiti ivura kanseri. Guhura n'ibinyabutabire nka benzene, biboneka mu itabi, nabyo ni ikintu gishobora gutera ibyago.
Nubwo hari abantu bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso, hari n'abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikurikira:
| Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara muri MDS |
|---|
| Gukomereka cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye |
| Kwandura indwara n'umuriro kenshi |
| Guhumeka bigoranye |
| Umunaniro ukabije n'intege nke |
| Kugabanya ibiro |
Abaganga b'indwara zo mu maraso n'abaganga b'indwara z'amaraso bavura iyi ndwara. Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara no gutera uturemangingo tw'umubiri.
Anemia yo mu maraso iterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri
Tekereza uko byagenda iyo inzego z'umutekano z'igihugu cyacu zibagirwa abanzi baturutse hanze maze zigatangira kwibasira abaturage b'igihugu cyacu? Ibyo ni ko biba mu mibiri yacu iyo turwaye iyi ndwara.
Mu magambo make, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bwite buhindura ingirabuzimafatizo zawe zitukura zimeze nk'abanzi maze bugatangira kuzirimbura. Zirangirika vuba kurusha uko ingirabuzimafatizo nshya zitukura zishobora gukorwa.
Iyo ufite indwara y’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri nka lupus, ushobora kurwara iyi ndwara. Ishobora no guterwa n’imiti imwe n’imwe, nka penisiline. Ibimenyetso birimo umunaniro, ububabare, umutima utera cyane, guhumeka nabi, gukonja, kubabara umugongo, no guhinduka umuhondo w’uruhu (jaundice). Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha kugenzura ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri, nko gutanga imiti igabanya ubukana bw’umubiri (steroids) no kubagwa.
Ubundi bwoko budasanzwe bw'amaraso adahagije
Uretse ubwoko bwavuzwe haruguru, hari ubundi bwoko bwinshi budasanzwe bw'amaraso adahagije.
Anemia yo mu gihe cy'ivuka rya Dyserythropoietic (CDA)
Ubu ni ubwoko bw'indwara yo kubura amaraso ivukanwa. Iterwa no kugabanuka k'umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso mu mubiri. Hari ubwoko bune bw'ingenzi, kandi hari abantu bashobora kudakenera ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose. Ariko, bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara, imiti nko guterwa amaraso no guterwa uturemangingo tw'umubiri ishobora kuba ngombwa.
Kubura amaraso mu mubiri kwa Diamond-Blackfan
Iyi nayo ni indwara iterwa n'impinduka mu miterere y'umubiri. Muri iki gihe, umwotsi w'amagufwa ntushobora gukora uturemangingo dutukura duhagije. Ibimenyetso birimo umutima utera cyane, umunaniro, uruhu rwera, ubugufi, n'amagufwa adakomeye.
Kugabanuka k'amaraso mu mubiri (Megaloblastic anemia)
Muri ubu burwayi bwo kubura amaraso, umusokoro w'amagufwa ukora uturemangingo dutukura tudasanzwe kandi tudakuze neza. Ntidushobora gutwara ogisijeni neza. Impamvu nyamukuru ni ukubura vitamine B12 cyangwa vitamine B9 (folate) . Ibimenyetso nko kuzungera, umunaniro, impiswi, isesemi, no kubabara imitsi bishobora kubaho. Inyongera za Vitamine B12 na B9 zitangwa mu kuvura.
Anemia ya Fanconi
Iyi nayo ni indwara umuntu avukana. Muri iki gihe, umworera w'amagufwa ukora uturemangingo duke cyane tw'amaraso. Ibimenyetso birimo ibirenge binini bidasanzwe, gucika intege/kuva amaraso byoroshye, kwandura indwara kenshi, ibibazo by'umutima n'impyiko, ndetse n'umubiri muto n'umutwe. Abantu barwaye iyi ndwara baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri, cyane cyane ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amaraso yitwa AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) .
Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso cyangwa byinshi, ntimugatinye bitari ngombwa. Ariko, ni ngombwa ko muhita mubonana na muganga kugira ngo abagire inama.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kubura amaraso cyangwa kubura amaraso si indwara imwe. Hari ubwoko bwabyo bukunze kugaragara cyane kandi budasanzwe.
- Ibimenyetso nko kunanirwa guhoraho, kubura umwuka, no kubura umwuka ni ibisanzwe mu bwoko bwinshi bw'indwara yo kubura amaraso. Ntukabirengagize.
- Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ntukisuzumishe cyangwa ngo ushake inama kwa muganga ukurikije amakuru y’ibihuha. Menya neza ko ugiye kwa muganga w’umuhanga.
- Impamvu n'uburyo bwo kuvura buri bwoko bw'indwara yo kubura amaraso biratandukanye, bityo gusuzuma neza ni ingenzi cyane.
- Kubera ko hari ubwoko budasanzwe bw'indwara yo kubura amaraso buterwa n'uruhererekane rw'indwara, bishobora kandi kuba ingenzi cyane kubwira muganga wawe amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.
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