Ese wari uzi ibi bintu ku mitsi y'amaraso y'ingenzi (Carotid Arteries) iri mu ijosi ryawe?

Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku gice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'umubiri wacu tudatekerezaho cyane. Icyo ni imiyoboro y'amaraso ibiri iri ku mpande zombi z'ijosi ryacu, nk'imihanda ibiri izamuka. Mu buvuzi, iyi yitwa imiyoboro ya carotide . Muri make, iyi ni imiyoboro y'ingenzi itwara amaraso meza kandi afite umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bwonko bwacu, mu maso no mu bindi bice byoroshye by'ijosi . Ni nk'imiyoboro itwara amazi ava mu cyuma cy'amazi ajya mu busitani. Ndetse no kuziba gato cyangwa kuziba muri byo rimwe na rimwe bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye kuruta uko wabitekereza. Rero, kumenya byinshi kuri ibi birambuye bizagufasha cyane wowe n'umuryango wawe.

Iyi mitsi ya carotid iherereye he neza neza? Ikora iki?

Tekereza, iyi mitsi ifata imitsi ya carotide itangirira hejuru y'igituza cyawe, munsi gato y'aho ijosi ryawe ritangirira. Kuva aho, izamuka mu ijosi ryawe ikagera mu gahanga kawe. Ku mpande zombi z'ijosi ryawe, ibumoso n'iburyo, hari iyi mitsi isanzwe ya carotide.

Hejuru gato, hagati mu ijosi, buri imwe muri izi mitsi isanzwe ya carotide yigabanyamo andi mashami abiri. Nk'uko umuhanda wigabanyamo kabiri. Ibi twita gucikamo kabiri kwa carotide . Amashami abiri yacitsemo kabiri ni:

1. Umutsi wa Carotid w'imbere: Uyu ni wo ishami rikuru ritanga amaraso mu bwonko bwacu . Rikora akazi gakomeye cyane.

2. Umutsi wa Carotid wo hanze: Iri shami ritanga amaraso mu bice by'isura yacu, inyuma y'ijosi, no mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'agahanga .

Iyi mitsi yo mu nda n'iy'inyuma igabana mu mashami menshi mato atuma ingingo n'imitsi yose yo mu mutwe no mu ijosi ibona intungamubiri zikenewe, ni ukuvuga amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni. Ni nk'uruzi runini rutangira nk'uruhererekane rw'imigezi mito, ikagaburira agace kose.

Umutsi wa carotide ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane mu mikorere y'amaraso . Ubwonko bwacu bukenera umwuka uhoraho wa ogisijeni kugira ngo bukore neza. Ni kimwe no ku ngingo zoroshye zo mu maso no mu ijosi. Ni byiza iyo amaraso atembera neza kandi nta mbogamizi. Ariko, niba hari ikintu kiziba cyangwa amaraso akagwa muri uyu mutsi, bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima.

Reka tuvuge byinshi kuri artery ya Carotid yo hanze.

Umutsi wo hanze wa carotide utangirira kuri carotide bifurcation yavuzwe haruguru, aho umutsi wo hagati wa carotide wigabanyamo kabiri. Uko uzamuka mu ijosi, hafi y'ugutwi, wigabanyamo andi mashami abiri akomeye. Ayo ni umutsi wo hejuru n'umutsi wo hejuru w'igihe .

Uyu mutsi wo hanze wa carotide utanga amashami mato agera ku munani. Aya mashami atanga amaraso mu bice byinshi by'ijosi no mu maso. Urugero:

• Ishami ritanga amaraso mu ngirabuzimafatizo yacu ya tiroyide (`Umutsi w'amaraso wa tiroyide uruta iyindi`)
• Ishami ritanga amaraso imbere mu muhogo (`Umutsi wo mu gifu uzamuka`)
• Ishami ritanga amaraso ku rurimi rwacu (`imitsi y'ururimi`)
• Ishami ritanga amaraso ku mitsi n'uruhu rwo mu maso (`imitsi yo mu maso`)
• Ishami ritanga amaraso inyuma y'umutwe (`Occipital artery`)
• Ishami ritanga amaraso mu gace kari inyuma y'ugutwi (`Umutsi wo mu jisho rya nyuma`)

Ahantu henshi nk'aha hatangwa amaraso n'amashami aturuka kuri uyu mutsi wo hanze wa carotide.

Reka kandi twige ibyerekeye umutsi w'imbere wa Carotid.

Uyu ni umwe mu bantu b'ingenzi mu nkuru yacu. Umutsi w'imbere wa carotide utangirira ku gice cy'imbere cya carotide ukagenda ugana mu ijosi. Hanyuma winjira mu gahanga unyuze mu mwobo uri munsi y'agahanga. Uyu mwobo witwa canal ya carotide . Uyu ni wo mupaka utandukanya igice cyo hanze y'agahanga n'igice cyo mu gahanga.

Iyo imaze kwinjira mu gahanga, umutsi w’imbere wa carotid ukurikira inzira ihindagurika kandi ihindagurika. Abaganga bita iki gice kiri mu gahanga, igice cya 'intracranial', andi mazina. Urugero, hari ibice bigera kuri birindwi, nka `C2: Petrous segment`, `C3: Lacerum segment`, `C4: Cavernous segment`. Abaganga bamwe bakoresha ubundi buryo bwo gushyira mu byiciro.

Ariko, ntabwo ukeneye gufata mu mutwe aya mazina yose. Abantu benshi ntibazakenera kumenya aya mazina mu buzima bwabo. Ariko, iyo habayeho ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso mu mubiri (aneurysm), abaganga bakoresha aya mazina kugira ngo bagusobanurire neza aho ari. Aya makuru ashobora kuba ingenzi mu bihe nk'ibi.

Umutsi w’imbere wa carotide utanga andi mashami menshi y’ingenzi ari mu gahanga. Aya ni yo atanga amaraso mu bwonko bwacu no mu maso . Ay’ingenzi ni aya:

• Umutsi w'amaso utanga amaraso mu jisho.
• Amashami nka Anterior cerebral artery n'Middle cerebral artery atanga amaraso mu bice bitandukanye by'ubwonko.

Ni izihe ndwara iyi mitsi ya carotid ishobora gutera?

Nk’uko umuyoboro w’amazi ushobora kuziba ingese uko igihe kigenda gihita, imitsi yacu ya carotid nayo ishobora kugira ibibazo bitandukanye. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo:

1. Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid: Iyi yitwa kandi Carotid Artery Stenosis . Stenosis bisobanura "kugabanuka". Ibi ahanini biterwa n'ururenda rwinshi rw'ibinure na cholesterol (atherosclerosis) biba ku nkuta z'imitsi . Iyi miyoboro yitwa plaque.Ni nk'aho umuyoboro w'amazi uziba. Izi plaque zikunze kwiba hafi y'imitsi isanzwe ya carotid, aho igabanyukamo kabiri (`Carotid Bifurcation`). Iyo iyi mitsi iziba, ingano y'amaraso ajya mu bwonko iragabanuka. Nanone, amaraso ashobora kuzura hejuru y'iyi plaque, kandi iyo plaque ishobora gucika no kuziba umuyoboro muto w'amaraso mu bwonko. Ibi bibaye, ibyago byo kurwara `Transient Ischemic Attack` (TIA) , ari yo ndwara isa n'indwara ya stroke nto, cyangwa indwara ikomeye ya stroke iba nyinshi cyane. Hari igihe plaque ishobora gucika kandi igice cyayo gishobora gucika no kuziba umuyoboro w'amaraso mu bwonko.

2. Aneurysm y'imitsi ya Carotide: Iki ni cyo gihe urukuta rw'imitsi ya carotide rucika intege kandi rukabyimba nk'umupira w'inyuma. Uku kubyimba (`Aneurysm`) gushobora kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Amaraso ashobora kuzura muri iyi aneurysm, akabuza amaraso gutembera mu bwonko. Nanone, iyo birushijeho kuba binini, bishobora guturika (`Kuvunguka`). Iyo bibaye ibyo, ni ikibazo cyihutirwa.

3. Guca imitsi ya Carotid: Iyi ni icika ry'imbere mu rukuta rw'imitsi. Iyi icika rishobora kugabanya cyangwa kubuza amaraso gutembera burundu. Ibi bishobora no gutera indwara zikomeye nka stroke.

4. Kurwara indwara ya Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD): Iyi ni indwara idasanzwe. Iterwa n'ubusembwa mu buryo inkuta z'imitsi zikora. Ibi bishobora gutuma imitsi ya carotid ifungana, ikagira aneurysms, cyangwa igacikamo ibice.

Twamenya dute niba hari ikibazo kuri iyi mitsi? (Ibimenyetso n'ibizamini)

Akenshi, izi ndwara z'imitsi yo mu nda ya carotid ntizigaragaza ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro . Ikibazo kiboneka gusa iyo habayeho ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi, nka 'TIA' cyangwa 'Stroke'. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kubimenya.

Witondere cyane ibi bimenyetso!

Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi agize kimwe mu bimenyetso biri hepfo mu buryo butunguranye, hamagara 1990 (ambulance) ako kanya, cyangwa ujye mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze cy’ibitaro biri hafi . Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by’indwara yo mu bwonko, kandi kuvurwa vuba bishobora kurokora ubuzima no kugabanya ubumuga bw’igihe kirekire.

• Uruhande rumwe rw'isura ruremba cyangwa rudafite ubuzima.
• Kumva amagambo yawe arimo guhindagurika iyo uvuga, cyangwa se kudashobora guhuza amagambo neza.
• Gutakaza cyangwa kutabona neza mu jisho rimwe cyangwa yombi. Bishobora kumvikana nk'aho umwenda w'umukara uri kugwa imbere y'amaso.
• Gucika intege, intege nke, cyangwa kumva udafite ubuzima ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri (ukuboko, ukuguru, cyangwa byombi).
• Kubura kumva uruhande rumwe rw'umubiri.

Hari igihe ushobora kudashobora gusaba ubufasha iyo ibi bimenyetso bigaragaye. Kubwibyo, menyesha umuryango wawe n'inshuti zawe ibi bimenyetso. Hanyuma bashobora kubimenya kandi bagahita bakora vuba igihe ukeneye ubufasha.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma imitsi ya carotid?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, bashobora gushyira stethoscope mu ijosi ryawe bakumva urusaku rw'amaraso atembera mu mitsi. Hari igihe, iyo imitsi ifunze, ushobora kumva ijwi rya "whoosh" ("carotid bruit"). Ibi bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo mu mikorere y'amaraso, bishoboka ko biterwa n'aho plaque ishyizwe.

Niba wumvise ijwi nk'iryo, cyangwa niba umuganga wawe afite izindi mpungenge, ashobora kugusaba gukora ibindi bipimo, nko:

• Ultrasound ya Carotide: Iki kizamini gikoresha imiraba y'amajwi kugira ngo gikore ishusho y'imbere mu mitsi. Gishobora kwerekana niba hari aho ifunganye n'uburemere bwayo.
• CT Scan (`Computed Tomography - CT Scan`): Ibi bishobora kandi gutanga amashusho arambuye y'imitsi.
• Angiogramu ya Carotid: Iki kizamini kigamije gutera irangi ryihariye mu mitsi no gufata X-ray kugira ngo barebe uko amaraso atembera.
• MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA): Iki kizamini gikoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi n'imiraba ya radiyo kugira ngo habeho amashusho y'imitsi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi bibazo byo kuziba kw'imitsi?

Iyo imitsi yawe ya carotid ifunze, hari imiti, kubagwa, n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura buhari. Muganga wawe azaguhitiramo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bitewe n'uburwayi bwawe.

Ubwoko bw'imiti:

• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imitsi: Ingero z'iyi ni imiti nka aspirine.
• Imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Imiti igabanya cholesterol: Kimwe n'imiti ya statin.

Kubaga n'ubundi buryo:

• Guca imitsi yo mu nda: Ubu ni uburyo bwo kubaga bufungura imitsi, bugakuraho plaque imbere, hanyuma bugateranya imitsi. Ibi bigarura amaraso atembera neza.
• Gupima indwara ya Carotid Angioplasty na Stenting: Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira umuyoboro muto mu mitsi yazibye, kwagura imitsi ukoresheje igikoresho gisa n'ibara ry'umuhondo, no gushyiramo igikoresho gisa n'umuyoboro (stent) kugira ngo kidafunga ukundi. Ubu buryo ntibutera indwara nko kubaga.

Ni gute twakomeza kugira imitsi yacu ya carotid imeze neza?

Kugira ngo iyi mitsi y'amaraso y'ingenzi ikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza, ni ngombwa kubanza kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol mu maraso yawe . Nibiba ngombwa, muganga azakwandikira imiti.

Byongeye kandi, guhindura ibi bintu byoroheje mu mibereho yawe bishobora gufasha gukomeza ubuzima bwiza bw'imiyoboro y'amaraso, harimo n'umutima wawe:

• Niba unywa itabi, hagarika ako kanya. Reka kunywa itabi no gukoresha ibindi bicuruzwa by'itabi. Saba ubufasha kwa muganga.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye umutima. Urugero , indyo yo mu nyanja ya Mediterane ni nziza cyane. Kurya imboga nyinshi, imbuto, ibinyamisogwe, ibiryo bikungahaye kuri fibre, n'amafi. Gabanya amavuta, isukari n'umunyu.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri nibura iminota 30 ku munsi. Ariko, ni byiza kugisha inama muganga mbere yo gutangira gahunda nshya y'imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Komeza kugira ibiro bikwiranye n'uburebure bwawe.

Ni iki ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, ushobora kubaza ibibazo nk'ibi ku mitsi ya carotid:

• Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutuma ndwara indwara y'imitsi ifata imitsi ya carotid?
• Ni izihe mpinduka mu mibereho yanjye nshobora gukora kugira ngo imitsi yanjye ya carotid ikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza?
• Ese ngomba gukorerwa ibizamini byo gufata amashusho (nk'ibipimo byo gupima) kugira ngo ndebe uko imitsi yanjye ya carotid imeze?
• Niba mfite ikibazo mu mitsi yanjye ya carotid, ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura nakwitaho?

Ubutumwa bwa nyuma bwo kujyana mu rugo

Noneho rero, ubu usobanukiwe akamaro k'iyi mitsi ya carotid ku mibiri yacu. Ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo iyi mitsi ikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza, ijyana amaraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni mu bwonko no mu bindi bice by'umutwe.

Wibuke ko ibibazo byinshi by’imitsi y’amaraso bitagaragara mu ntangiriro. Kubwibyo, niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago (nk'ibinure byinshi bya cholesterol, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, kunywa itabi, cyangwa amateka y’umuryango wawe y’ibi bibazo), ni ngombwa kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe.

Kugumana ubuzima bwiza bishobora gufasha imitsi yawe, atari imitsi yawe gusa, kugira ubuzima bwiza. Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga w'umuryango wawe. Ashobora kuguha amakuru arambuye.

Imitsi ya Carotid , imitsi y'amaraso mu ijosi, amaraso agana mu bwonko, indwara zo gucika kw'imitsi, indwara ya atherosclerosis, TIA, aneurysm, indwara ya carotid, imibereho myiza