Ese uzi iyi nganzo nto iri imbere y'amaso yawe? Reka tuvuge ku mboni!

Ese wigeze wibaza icyo gice cy'ijisho ryawe kimeze nk'ikirahure, gishyushye, kimeze nk'ikirahure? Ni cyo twita cornea. Ni nk'agakingirizo gato k'ijisho ryawe. Reka tuvuge byinshi kuri iki gice gitangaje uyu munsi, si byo se?

Iyi cornea ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, cornea yawe ni igipfundikizo gisobanutse neza, gifite ishusho nk'iy'inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Tekereza nk'ikirahuri cy'imodoka. Ni cyo kibuza ibintu nk'umukungugu na mikorobe kwinjira mu jisho ryawe. Ni ingenzi kandi ku kureba kwawe. Inakuraho imirasire mibi ya UV. Ntabwo ari igitangaza?

Iso yawe iri imbere y'icyumba cyuzuyemo amazi kiri mu jisho ryawe (cyitwa "Anterior Chamber", kirimo amazi yitwa "Aqueous Humor". Hanyuma hari "Iris" iha ijisho ryawe ibara ryaryo, "Pupil" (Umunyeshuri), hanyuma hari n'indorerwamo iri imbere mu jisho ryawe. Iso ryawe rikikije igice cy'umweru cy'ijisho ryawe, "Sclera".

Mu by’ukuri, uruhu ni rwo rw’ibanze rugaragara mu mutwe. Niyo mpamvu rukunze guhura n’impanuka nto n’ibyangiritse. Ariko hari inkuru nziza! Uruhu rwawe rufite ubushobozi butangaje bwo kwisana.

Ni ibihe bice by'inyuma bya cornea?

Tekereza, muri aka gatsiko gato, hari izindi ngingo esheshatu. Buri cyiciro gifite akazi kacyo kidasanzwe. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo?

• Epithelium: Iyi ni urwego rw'inyuma rw'ijisho. Ikora nk'uruzitiro hagati y'imbere mu jisho n'isi yo hanze. Nanone kandi irashobora kumva ububabare. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko ifite uburyo bwo kwakira ububabare inshuro 300 kugeza kuri 600 kurusha uruhu rwawe! Ubu buryo bwo kumva burinda cyane. Kubera ko ushobora kumva iyo hari ikibazo mu jisho ryawe, ushobora kugihagarika vuba cyangwa ukagikuraho.
• Urusobe rwa Bowman: Uru ni urusobe rukomeye rugizwe ahanini na kolajeni. Ruha imiterere y'urusobe rw'amaso kandi rugafasha kugumana imiterere yarwo.
• Stroma: Uru ni urwego runini cyane rwa cornea. Runakomeza imiterere ya cornea. Runafasha kandi kunama (refract) urumuri no kurushyira kuri retina yawe.
• Pre-Descemet's layer (PDL): Iyi nanone yitwa "Dua's layer". Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko iyi ari layer idahumeka. Ni ukuvuga ko ari uruzitiro rukomeye cyane hagati y'amazi ari mu jisho n'umwuka uri hanze.
• Urusobe rwa Descemet: Uru rusobe ni ruto kandi rworoshye, ariko rukomeye cyane. Ni ingenzi cyane ku miterere y'ijisho. Runafasha mu kurinda ijisho kwangirika no kwandura indwara.
• Endothelium: Uru rwego rushinzwe cyane cyane kubungabunga uburinganire bw'amazi mu mwanya wa vitreous n'imbere mu jisho. Nanone kandi rutuma stroma igira amazi n'amazi akenewe kugira ngo ikore neza.

Nubwo buri cyiciro gifite akazi kacyo, imbaraga nyazo z'ikirahure zituruka ku buryo ibi byiciro byose bikorana. Ni nk'"ikirahure cya laminate" cyangwa "ikirahure cy'umutekano" kiri mu kirahuri cy'imodoka. Aho niho hari igice gito cya pulasitiki hagati y'ibice bibiri by'ikirahure, sibyo? Uko ni ko bimeze.

Kuva ryari iyi si igira ibice bitandatu?

Mu by’ukuri, iyi `(urwego rwa Pre-Descemet)` yavumbuwe vuba aha. Inyandiko ya mbere y’ubushakashatsi kuri yo yasohotse mu 2013. Haracyari impaka nke hagati y’impuguke zimwe na zimwe ku bijyanye no kumenya niba iyi ari urwego rwihariye, cyangwa igice cya `(Stroma)`. (Ibyo byari byaratekerejwe mbere, ariko ubushakashatsi bushya bwagaragaje ko ibi bishobora kuba bitandukanye).

Ariko, ubushakashatsi buriho bwerekana ko hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya PDL n'ibindi bice bya stroma. Abaganga b'amaso ubu batekereza kuri PDL (baba bayitekereza nk'urwego rwihariye cyangwa batayibona) iyo bategura kubaga cornea.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kwibasira cornea?

Kubera ko igitsina cyawe ari ahantu horoshye cyane, kibasha kwibasirwa n'ibikomere, kwandura indwara n'izindi ndwara. Dore ingero nke:

• Ijisho ryumye: Amarira ni ingenzi kugira ngo epithelium ikore neza. Amarira atuma ijisho ribona ubushuhe kandi akarifasha kwinjiza umwuka wa ogisijeni mu kirere. Amaso yumye arababaza kandi ashobora kubangamira imikorere y'amaso.
• Indwara: Iyo ubuso bw'inyuma bw'ijisho bwangiritse, mikorobe - virusi, bagiteri, ibihumyo n'udukoko - zishobora gutera indwara zoroshye. Urugero ni indwara ya Acanthamoeba keratite.
• Keratite: Keratite, cyangwa kubyimba kw'ijisho ry'umuyoboro w'ijisho, ishobora guterwa n'indwara zandura, ibikomere, n'indwara zitandukanye.
• Ibikomere: Kimwe n'ikirahuri cy'imodoka, amaso yawe ashobora kwangirika n'ibintu byo hanze n'ibindi bintu. Ibi bishobora gutera gushwanyagurika, gucika udusebe, ibisebe, no gushwanyagurika. Tekereza ukuntu byaba bibabaza cyane iyo akantu gato k'umukungugu kaguteye!
• Kwangiza ibidukikije: Uruhu rwawe rukunze kwangirika cyane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje. Ubushyuhe bw'uruhu (buterwa n'ubushyuhe cyangwa imirasire ya ultraviolet) ni ibintu bisanzwe. Ibinyabutabire (amazi cyangwa imyuka) nabyo bishobora kwangiza.
• Indwara z'imiterere y'umubiri `(Dystrophies)`:Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zigira ingaruka ku miterere y'ishusho y'umutuku, uburyo ihujwe n'ishusho y'umutuku, cyangwa byombi. Izi ndwara zikunze kwitwa "Corneal dystrophies". Hariho indwara zirenga makumyabiri nk'izo, ingero zazo ni "Keratoconus" na "Fuchs' dystrophy".

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara z'ijisho ry'umugongo?

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari. Bumwe muri bwo ni ubu:

• Imiti itangwa mu iduka: Ibibazo byoroshye nko kubabara mu maso no kuma kw'amaso bishobora kugabanuka hakoreshejwe imiti yoroshye ishobora kugurwa muri farumasi cyangwa supermarket.
• Imiti: Indwara nyinshi z'uruhu, cyane cyane indwara zandurira mu mubiri, zishobora kuvurwa n'imiti. Inyinshi muri zo ziza mu buryo bw'amavuta cyangwa ibitonyanga by'amaso. Zimwe ziraboneka nk'ibinini byo kunywera mu kanwa.
• Uburyo bwo gupfuka cyangwa uburyo bwo kwambara: Urugero rworoshye ni ugukoresha agapfukamunwa k'amaso kugira ngo karinde ijisho kandi kagafunze kugeza igihe igisebe gikize. Uburyo bugoye bwo kuvura burimo indorerwamo za scleral, indorerwamo za bande, na grafts za amniotic membrane.
• Kubaga hakoreshejwe laser: Ubu ni ukubaga bukosora amaso. Umurasire wa laser ukoreshwa mu guhindura imiterere y'imboni no gushyira urumuri mu buryo butandukanye. LASIK ni ubwoko busanzwe bwo kubaga hakoreshejwe laser.
• Kubaga amaso: Uku kubaga amaso bishobora gufasha mu buryo bwinshi, cyane cyane mu gusana ibyangiritse no gukosora indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaso.
• Gutera cornea cyangwa gushyira cornea mu buryo bw'ubukorano: Uko igihe kigenda gihita, cornea yawe ishobora kuba irimo ibicu cyangwa ntishyire urumuri neza. Iyo ibi bibazo bikomeye, ushobora gukenera kubagwa kugira ngo usimbuze cornea yawe.

Icy'ingenzi: Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha mu ndwara z'amaso buterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Indwara yawe, amateka y'ubuzima bwawe, n'imimerere yawe bwite byose bishobora kugira uruhare. Kubwibyo, umuganga w'amaso cyangwa umuvuzi ni we muntu mwiza wo kumenya byinshi ku buryo bwo kuvura bukubereye.

Ni gute narinda cornea yanjye kwangirika?

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kurinda amaso yawe impanuka ni ukwambara indorerwamo cyangwa amadarubindi yo kwirinda impanuka . Nubwo byaba ari akanya gato cyangwa abiri gusa, bifata amasegonda make gusa kugira ngo imvune y'ijisho itere.

Ugomba kwambara ibikingira amaso muri ibi bihe:

• Mu gihe ukoresha ibikoresho n'imashini:Ibi ni ibisanzwe haba ku bikoresho byoroshye by'intoki ndetse no ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Ndetse n'ikintu cyoroshye nko gusiga imbaho ​​ukoresheje umusenyi nta burinzi gishobora gutera imihangayiko cyangwa gukomereka bitari ngombwa.
• Ubuhinzi n'ubusitani: Imyanda y'amababi, ibyatsi byaciwe, amabuye, n'ubutaka byose bishobora guteza akaga ku maso yawe iyo ukorera mu busitani cyangwa mu gikari. Ibi kandi bikunze kugaragara ku bikoresho n'imashini bifasha mu busitani, nk'imashini zikata ibyatsi, imashini zica imigozi (cyangwa izirya ibyatsi), imashini zica imigozi, n'imashini zica amababi.
• Mu gihe ukoresha umwuka ufunze cyangwa amazi: Ingero ebyiri ni nko koza umuvuduko mu muhanda cyangwa gukoresha umwuka ufunze kugira ngo ukure ivumbi muri mudasobwa cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cy'ikoranabuhanga. Umuvuduko muri ibyo byombi ushobora gutuma amabuye mato, imyanda, cyangwa ivumbi biba akaga.
• Mu gihe ukoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu rugo cyangwa ku kazi: Ndetse n'imiti isanzwe nka bleach na drain cleaner ishobora kwisuka mu maso yawe byoroshye, nubwo waba witonze.
• Mu gihe ukorera hafi y'aho ubushyuhe buturuka n'umuriro ufunguye: Utwuma dutuma ububabare mu maso yawe tubasha kwiyumvamo ubushyuhe kurusha utwuma dutuma uruhu rwawe rurushaho kwiyumvamo. Ubwirinzi bw'amaso bushobora kugufasha kwirinda ububabare buterwa n'imyotsi cyangwa kwangirika kw'umwotsi uturuka ku muriro.
• Guhura n'imirasire ya UV: Imirasire ya UV igaragara mu mazi n'ahantu hatwikiriwe n'urubura bishobora gutwika cornea yawe. Ibi bishobora gutera ubushye bwa cornea cyangwa photokeratitis.
• Mu gihe ukina siporo: Imyambaro yo kurinda amaso ishobora kukurinda ibintu biguruka. Ibi bireba imikino nka baseball, tennis, hockey, pickleball, na racquetball. Nanone, imyenda yo kurinda amaso igomba kwambarwa buri gihe mu gihe ukina siporo yo kwibanda ku ntego (kurasa imiheto, kurasa imitego, kurasa skeet).

Izindi nama z'ingenzi zo kwirinda impanuka:

• Soma amabwiriza: Ibi bireba imashini n'imiti. Ibirango bya shimi bizakubwira icyo wakora nibigera mu maso yawe (kandi biroroshye gusoma ibirango niba nta kintu kigera mu maso yawe). Ni ibisanzwe gushaka guhita utangira akazi, ariko guhagarara gato kugira ngo usome ibirango bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza.
• Koresha ubwoko bukwiye bw'uburinzi bw'amaso: Indorerwamo z'umutekano zifite ibipande cyangwa ingabo zishobora kukurinda ibisigazwa by'abantu bakorera hafi aho. Amataragisi afite impande zoroshye za pulasitiki zikwiranye neza n'isura yawe ni meza mu gukumira imiti n'imyotsi kwinjira mu maso yawe.
• Menya neza ko uburinzi bw'amaso yawe bukora neza:Imyambaro yo kurinda amaso ntacyo imaze niba itakurinda. Menya neza ko imyenda yawe ijyanye n'ibyo ukora. Mu bidukikije hari urumuri rwinshi rw'izuba, menya neza ko indorerwamo z'izuba zifite indorerwamo za polarized. Zirinda imirasire ya UV kuruta indorerwamo za colored.
• Buri gihe karaba intoki zawe igihe uteka, ukoresha ibikoresho cyangwa imiti: Waba urimo gukora ibintu bikomeye mu gikoni cyangwa ukora imirimo yo mu rugo, intoki zitakarabye zishobora kohereza imiti, uduce duto, n'imyanda mu maso yawe byoroshye.
• Ugomba guhora ushaka inama kwa muganga ku bijyanye n'ubushye mu maso yawe cyangwa hafi yayo: Ndetse n'ubushye buto, niba bugaragaye hafi cyangwa ku maso yawe, bugomba kuvurwa neza. Buri gihe ujye witondera iyo ushaka inama kwa muganga.
• Ntugafate imodoka ufite ikibazo cyo gukomereka mu jisho: Niba ufite impinduka mu maso yawe cyangwa ibimenyetso by'amaso ubona ko bishobora guterwa n'ikibazo, ntugatware imodoka. Ntabwo ushaka gushyira ubuzima bwawe cyangwa ubw'abandi mu kaga.

Ni gute nakora kugira ngo cornea yanjye ikomeze kuba nzima?

Ushobora gukora ibi kugira ngo wirinde indwara n'ibindi bibazo bimwe na bimwe:

• Jya usuzuma amaso buri gihe: Ibi bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibibazo bigira ingaruka ku kureba kwawe (n'amaso yawe muri rusange) mbere yuko ibimenyetso bigaragara.
• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi (nubwo waba udakora ku bintu bishobora kubabaza amaso yawe): Ibi bishobora gufasha gukumira mikorobe zidakenewe kwinjira mu maso yawe.
• Ntugasangire ibintu nk'imitako n'abandi: Gusangiza ibi bintu bishobora gukwirakwiza indwara z'amaso.
• Ambara, shyira, kandi ukomeze gufata ama-contact lenses neza: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko birinda amaso yawe kwandura indwara zikomeye. Hari indwara zishobora kwangiza amaso cyane ndetse no kutabona neza.
• Irinde gukorakora cyangwa gukaraba amaso yawe: Ibi birimo gukaraba amaso yawe ku maso yawe. Ibi bishobora kwangiza cyangwa kugabanya ubuso bw'ijisho ry'amaso mu buryo butaziguye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'amaso bigaragaza ko ukeneye gushaka inama kwa muganga?

Hari ibimenyetso cyangwa impinduka nyinshi zishobora kugaragaza ko ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi. Muri byo harimo:

• Impinduka mu kureba, harimo kureba kabiri, guhindagurika no kugoreka.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba butunguranye.
• Kumva nk'aho hari ikintu mu jisho (waba ubona ikintu cyangwa utakibona - bishobora kuva ku kubabara gake kugeza ku bubabare bukomeye kandi budashobora kwihanganira).
• Ikintu cy'amahanga ushobora kubona, ariko udashobora gukuraho ukoresheje uburyo bukwiye.
• Kubabara amaso.
• Amaso y'amazi (Epiphora).
• Kudakira urumuri (Photophobia).
• Gutukura cyangwa kubyimba kw'amaso.
• Niba ubonye amaraso cyangwa amazi inyuma cyangwa imbere mu jisho ryawe, ariko imbere cyangwa hanze ya `(Iris)` cyangwa `(Umunyeshuri)`.
• Iyo ukubiswe mu jisho cyangwa hafi y'ijisho.
• Umwobo ugaragara, igisebe, cyangwa igikomere mu jisho ryawe cyangwa hejuru y'ijisho ryawe.

Ariko uru rutonde ntirwuzuye. Iyo ushidikanya, jya ukora amakosa ku ruhande rw'ubwitonzi. Kubikora bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kurinda amaso yawe.

Wakora iki iyo ikintu kikugeze mu jisho?

Niba wumva hari ikibazo mu jisho ryawe, ntugatinye ahubwo uhumeke cyane. Dore ibintu byiza ugomba gukora n'ibyo udakwiye gukora:

Ibintu byiza byo gukora:

• Ubwa mbere, karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune.
• Gerageza koza ijisho ryawe witonze n'amazi meza. Reka amazi make ajye mu jisho.
• Niba bishoboka, reba mu ndorerwamo urebe niba hari ikintu ubona mu jisho ryawe.
• Saba undi muntu kuyireba.
• Niba ari ikintu gito, hindura amaso yawe hanyuma uhumbe amaso kugira ngo urebe niba kigenda cyonyine.
• Niba udashobora kuyikuraho mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, niba ijisho ryawe rikubabaza, cyangwa niba amaso yawe atabona neza, hita ubonana na muganga .

Ibintu bidakwiye gukorwa:

• Ntukigere wikoza ijisho ryawe! Kubikora bishobora gusunika ikintu mu jisho ryawe cyangwa bigakurura cornea yawe.
• Ntugerageze gutoragura amaso yawe ukoresheje ibintu bityaye (nk'inkoni cyangwa imikasi).
• Ntugakore ku maso yawe n'intoki zanduye cyangwa ibitambaro.
• Niba udashobora kuyikuraho ubwawe, ntugerageze kuyikoresha ku ngufu.

Ese ushobora kureba udafite cornea?

Oya. Ijisho ryawe ni ryo rigonda urumuri rikarushyira kuri retina iri inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Rinarinda n'ibindi bice by'ijisho ryawe byoroshye. Rero, iyo ritabayeho, amaso yawe ntiyashoboraga kubona neza.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo cornea yangiritse ikire?

Ijisho ryawe rifite ubushobozi butangaje bwo kwivura. Ibikomere bito bikira mu masaha make. Ibikomere bimwe na bimwe bishobora kumara iminsi mike kugira ngo bikire. Mu bihe bidasanzwe cyangwa bidasanzwe, bishobora kumara igihe kirekire. Umuganga w'amaso yawe ni we muntu mwiza wo kuganira nawe ku gihe gikwiye cyo gukira, n'icyo wakora kugira ngo gukira kwawe kugende neza uko bishoboka kose.

Ijisho ryawe ririnda imbere mu jisho ryawe, kandi ryuzuyemo imitsi. Iyo bikora neza, ushobora kuba utanabitekerezaho. Ariko iyo hari ikintu kitagenda neza kuri kimwe cyangwa byombi, bishobora kugorana ku buryo udashobora gutekereza ku kindi kintu.

Ku bw'amahirwe, amaso yawe afite ubushobozi butangaje bwo gukira, kandi ibikomere byinshi bishobora gukira mu minsi mike, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n'amasaha. Ariko ibyo ntibizabaho niba udakoze ibyo ugomba gukora kugira ngo ubyiteho. Niba ufite ikibazo kigira ingaruka ku maso yawe, vugana n'inzobere mu by'amaso. Nanone, jya usuzuma amaso buri gihe. Kwita ku maso yawe bishobora gufasha kurinda imbere mu maso yawe no kugufasha kubona.

Icyo tugomba kwigira kuri ibi (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Noneho rero, dore bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu byo twaganiriyeho uyu munsi:

• Imboni yawe ni ikintu cy'agaciro cyane kandi gikingira ijisho ryawe. Ni nk'ikirahuri cy'imodoka.
• Igizwe n'ibice byinshi, buri kimwe gifite umurimo wacyo wihariye. Bifatanyije, birinda ijisho kandi bigufasha kubona neza.
• Uruhu rushobora kwangirika byoroshye, kwandura no kwibasirwa n'indwara zitandukanye, bityo ni ngombwa cyane kurwitaho.
• Ushobora kwirinda ukora ibintu byoroshye nko kwambara indorerwamo z'umutekano, gukaraba intoki no gukoresha neza indorerwamo z'amaso.
• Niba ubonye ikintu kidasanzwe mu maso yawe (ububabare, kutabona neza, gutukura), shaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya. Kubimenya hakiri kare biroroshye kuvura.
• Ntiwibagirwe kwipimisha amaso buri gihe.

Amaso yawe ni kimwe mu bintu by'agaciro cyane ufite, bityo ni inshingano zawe kuyafata neza.

Sclera , cornea, ubuzima bw'amaso, indwara z'amaso, uburinzi bw'amaso, imiterere y'amaso, uburyo bwo kuvura amaso