Cytology ni iki? Reka twige byose kuri yo!

Ese wigeze wumva ikizamini cya 'Cytology'? Ahari muganga yagusabye gukora ikizamini nk'icyo. Iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane. Kireba uturemangingo duto mu mubiri wacu kandi gifasha mu gutahura indwara zimwe na zimwe hakiri kare, cyane cyane kanseri. Uyu munsi rero turaganira kuri ubu bumenyi bwa cytology mu buryo bworoshye ushobora kumva.

Cytology ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Tekereza nawe, imibiri yacu igizwe n'uturemangingo duto tubarirwa muri za miriyari. Rero iyi cytology, rimwe na rimwe yitwa 'cytopathology', ikubiyemo gufata uturemangingo duke mu ngingo z'umubiri wawe cyangwa mu mazi (urugero, inkari, amatembabuzi) no kubisuzuma kugira ngo urebe niba hari ikindi kintu kidasanzwe cyangwa kidasanzwe muri two.

Nk’umupolisi w’inzobere, umuganga w’inzobere, tumwita 'umuganga w’indwara' , ni we ureba izi selile witonze cyane akoresheje mikorosikopi maze agasanga, 'Oh... hari ikibazo hano' cyangwa 'Oya, byose bimeze neza'. Ibi ntibisaba igice kinini cy’urugingo, icyitegererezo gito cyane cy’uturemangingo kirahagije. Niyo mpamvu iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa nta ngorane nyinshi mu bihe byinshi.

Nubwo abaganga bakoresha ibi bizamini bya cytology mu bintu bitandukanye, akenshi bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma kanseri cyangwa gupima niba hari kanseri.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa cytology?

Noneho reka turebe, hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi muri sitology. Reka tubiganireho.

1. Gukuraho ururenda rw'amaraso mu mubiri (Exfoliative Cytology)

Izina rishobora kumvikana nk'irigoye gato, ariko mu by'ukuri ryoroshye cyane. Gupima ubuziranenge bw'uturemangingo (exfoliative cytology) ni uburyo bwo gusuzuma uturemangingo tuba twakuwe mu mibiri yacu (nk'uturemangingo tw'uruhu rwapfuye) cyangwa tugakurwaho buhoro buhoro, nk'uburoso buto.

Reka turebe ingero zimwe na zimwe z'ibi.

• Ingero z'abagore: Abagore benshi barabizi neza. Ubwoko bw'ikizamini gikunzwe cyane ni Pap smear , aho bafata ingero nto z'uturemangingo two mu mura w'inkondo y'umura bakoresheje uburoso buto hanyuma bakabupima.
• Ingero z'imiti yo mu gifu: Hari igihe, iyo muganga akoze endoscopy (areba imbere akoresheje kamera), ashobora gukurura uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe mu mara hanyuma akatwohereza gupimwa cytology.
• Ingero z'uruhu cyangwa amatembabuzi: Ibi bishobora gupimwa hakoreshejwe gukurura uturemangingo mu ruhu rwawe, mu mazuru yawe, cyangwa mu kanwa kawe.

Ubundi buryo ni ugukusanya uturemangingo mu bintu bisohoka mu mubiri. Tekereza kuri ibi:

• Ingero z'ubuhumekero:Ushobora gupima ibisebe cyangwa amatembabuzi bisohoka iyo ukorora kugira ngo urebe uturemangingo turimo.
• Ingero z'inkari: Hari indwara zishobora kumenyekana ukoresheje icyitegererezo cy'inkari zawe (amasohoro) no gusuzuma uturemangingo turimo.
• Ingero z'ibisohoka cyangwa ibisohoka bidasanzwe: Iyo hari ibisohoka bidasanzwe, nko mu maso, mu gitsina cyangwa mu mabere, icyitegererezo gishobora gufatwa hanyuma hagakorwa ikizamini cya cytology.

2. Indwara ya Sitology yo mu rwego rwo hejuru

Muri ibi, nk'uko izina ribivuga, muganga agomba gukata gato ku ruhu rwawe agafata icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo imbere. Ibi bivuze ko icyitegererezo gishobora kuba ngombwa ko gifatwa hifashishijwe gutobora uruhu.

Ikizamini gikunze kugaragara cyane muri ubu bwoko cyitwa "fine-needle aspiration " (FNA) .

• Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha urushinge ruto cyane kugira ngo urwinjize mu gace kagomba gusuzumwa (urugero, ikibyimba) hanyuma ukuremo icyitegererezo cy'amazi cyangwa uturemangingo. Hanyuma umuganga w'indwara areba uturemangingo akoresheje mikorosikopi.

Hari ahantu henshi FNA ishobora gukorerwa:

• Ibibyimba ni utubyimba duto duto turi munsi y'uruhu.
• Uduce cyangwa uduce duto munsi y'uruhu.
• Uduce tw'imitsi yawe.
• Amazi yo mu mutima .
• Amazi yo mu gituza ni amazi aba mu mwanya wa pleural (hagati y'ibihaha n'imbere mu gituza).

Ikizamini cya cytology gikorwa ryari?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, ibi bikunze gukoreshwa mu gupima kanseri cyangwa gupima kanseri hakiri kare.

• Gupima indwara ni ikizamini gikorwa iyo ufite ibimenyetso (urugero: inkorora idakira, kubabara mu nda, ikibyimba mu mubiri wawe) kugira ngo hamenyekane ikibazo. Ubuvuzi bw'indwara bushobora gufasha kumenya niba hari uturemangingo tudasanzwe, kandi niba ari byo, ubwoko bw'indwara.
• Ikizamini cyo gusuzuma ni ikizamini kigenzura niba ufite ibyago byo kurwara indwara zimwe na zimwe (cyane cyane kanseri), nubwo waba udafite ibimenyetso. Ikizamini cya Pap smear ni kimwe mu bizamini abantu benshi bazi.

Uretse ibi, sitology ifasha mu bindi bintu:

• Kumenya indwara zandura.
• Menya indwara z'ububyimbirwe.
• Reba niba hari ibisebe bya tiroyide.
• Kumenya indwara zifitanye isano n'imiyoboro imwe n'imwe y'umubiri (urugero: amazi agaragara hagati y'uturemangingo dutwikira ibihaha).

Ni nde ukora iki kizamini cya cytology?

Iki nacyo ni ikibazo cyiza. Mu gihe ukora ikizamini cya cytology,Ubusanzwe hari abantu babiri: ufata icyitegererezo n'ugipima.

• Uburyo bwo gukusanya icyitegererezo buratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ikizamini. Urugero, umuganga w'abagore ashobora gukusanya icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo kugira ngo apimwe Pap smear. Kuri FNA, umuganga wabyigiye ni we uzabikora.
• Hanyuma, iki gipimo cyoherezwa muri laboratwari.
• Aho ngaho, umuganga w’indwara cyangwa umuganga w’indwara za kanseri asuzuma utwo turemangingo akoresheje mikorosikopi maze agasuzuma indwara. Ni bo bahanga muri uru rwego.

Ikizamini cya Cytology gikorwa gute? Intambwe ku yindi

Noneho reka turebe neza uko iki kizamini cya cytology gikorwa. Muri rusange hari intambwe enye z'ingenzi zibigeraho.

1. Gukusanya utunyangingo tw'icyitegererezo

Iyi ni intambwe ya mbere. Muganga wawe azagupima uturemangingo tw’umubiri wawe. Nkuko twabivuze mbere, bishobora kuba:

• Kuraho ukoresheje gukurura cyangwa gusukura ubuso.
• Bikusanyirizwa mu buryo bw'amazi (nk'inkari, amatembabuzi).
• Bishobora kuba byarafashwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa 'fine neck aspiration ' (FNA).

2. Gutunganya utunyangingo tw'icyitegererezo

Iyo icyitegererezo kigeze muri laboratwari, kigomba kwitegurwa kugira ngo byorohe gupima.

• Ku bipimo bimwe na bimwe by'inyama, umuganga cyangwa umuntu wo muri laboratwari azabisiga ku kirahuri (microscope slide). Ibi byitwa 'smears' .
• Iyo ari icyitegererezo cy'amazi, bishobora kudashoboka gukora isuzuma ry'indwara mu buryo butaziguye bitewe n'umubare muto w'uturemangingo turimo. Hanyuma gishyirwa mu gacupa gato kigahita cyoherezwa muri laboratwari.
• Iyo bageze muri laboratoire, inzobere mu ndwara cyangwa umuhanga mu bya laboratoire azashyiramo ibi bipimo, cyangwa uturemangingo twateguwe, mu marangi yihariye (amabara). Iri bara rituma byoroha kubona ibice bitandukanye by'uturemangingo neza ukoresheje mikorosikopi. Nk'uko gusiga irangi ku ishusho bituma byoroha kubona utuntu duto.
• Iyo icyitegererezo ari amazi, hari igihe imashini yitwa centrifuge ikoreshwa mu gutandukanya uturemangingo n'amazi. Iyi mashini izunguruka icyitegererezo vuba cyane kandi igatandukanya uturemangingo hakurikijwe uburemere. Uturemangingo twatandukanyijwe dushyirwa ku gitambaro hanyuma tugasigwa ibara bibaye ngombwa.

3. Gusuzuma utunyangingo tw'icyitegererezo

Hanyuma icyitegererezo cy’uturemangingo twateguwe kandi twanduye gisuzumwa neza hifashishijwe mikorosikopi n’umuganga w’indwara. Azareba:

• Ese uturemangingo ni ibisanzwe?
• Ese hari uturemangingo tudasanzwe?
• Ese hari ibimenyetso by'ubwandu?
• Ese ubona ibintu nk'uturemangingo twa kanseri?

Iyo abonye uturemangingo tudasanzwe, ashyiramo ikaramu yihariye ku gishushanyo. Hanyuma, akurikije ibyo yabonye, ​​akora isuzuma kandi agatanga raporo irambuye.

4. Gusangira ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi

Amaherezo, umuganga w’indwara azohereza raporo kwa muganga wawe (umuganga wagutumyeho ngo upimwe). Hanyuma muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi hanyuma akuganirize icyo gukora nyuma yaho (urugero: ibindi bipimo, imiti).

Ni gute nakwitegura ikizamini cya cytology?

Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibizamini byinshi bya cytology byoroshye cyane kandi ntibibabaza cyane. Rero ntugomba gukora ikintu kidasanzwe kugira ngo witegure.

Ariko, muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibisobanuro birambuye ku isuzuma ugiye gukora. Azakubwira neza niba hari icyo ugomba gukora mbere y'icyo kizamini (nk'ukutarya amasaha make, guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe). Bityo rero kurikiza ayo mabwiriza witonze.

Ni iki wakwitega nyuma y'ikizamini?

Nyuma y'ikizamini, icyitegererezo cy'uturemangingo twakuweho cyoherezwa muri laboratwari, aho umuganga w'indwara asuzuma akohereza raporo kwa muganga wawe. Muganga azakubwira ibisubizo. Hari igihe hashobora kubaho ububabare cyangwa gukomereka aho icyitegererezo cyafatiwe iminsi mike, ariko ibi bikunze kugenda vuba.

Ese hari ingaruka n'ibibi biri muri ibi bizamini?

Nkuko bigenda ku bipimo byose by’ubuvuzi, hari ingorane zishobora kubaho. Ariko, ingorane zikomeye zituruka ku bipimo bya cytology ni gake cyane. Ariko, akenshi ziba ari nto (urugero: kuva amaraso make cyangwa gukomereka aho FNA iri).

• Hari igihe ibisubizo 'byavuye kuri ikinyoma' cyangwa 'byavuye kuri ikinyoma' bishobora kubaho. 'Byavuye kuri ikinyoma' bisobanura ko ibisubizo bigaragaza ko indwara idahari, naho 'byavuye kuri ikinyoma' bivuga ko ibisubizo bigaragaza ko indwara idahari. Ariko ibi bibaho gake cyane, kandi abahanga mu by'indwara barahangayikishwa cyane nabyo.
• Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, biopsy (ikizamini gifata igice cy'urugingo) gishobora gutanga amakuru menshi kurusha ikizamini cya cytology, bityo kikaba ari cyo gishobora kuba gifatika kurushaho.

None se ni izihe nyungu zo gupima indwara ya cytology?

Hari ibyiza n'ibibi. Kubera ko bisaba icyitegererezo gito cy'uturemangingo, ikizamini cya cytology gifite ibyiza byinshi kurusha biopsy:

• Nta gukomeretsa cyane. Ibyo bivuze ko nta gukomeretsa gukomeye.
• Kubabara no kubabara ni bike cyane. Bimwe ntibibabaza.
• Amahirwe yo kugira ibibazo ni make.
• Igiciro ni gito ugereranyije.
• Bishobora gukorwa vuba.

Ni ibihe bisubizo by'ikizamini cya cytology?

Ibisubizo ubona bishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'ikizamini cyakorewe, n'aho icyitegererezo cyafatiwe. Ubusanzwe, raporo y'umuganga w'indwara ishobora kuba irimo ibi bikurikira:

• Ibisobanuro by'icyitegererezo (urugero: aho cyafatiwe, uko cyafatiwe).
• Niba hari uturemangingo tudasanzwe twabonetse cyangwa tutabonetse.
• Iyo habonetse uturemangingo tudasanzwe, ni ubuhe bwoko bw'indwara, ubwandu, cyangwa kanseri?
• Niba ari kanseri, ni iyihe 'grade' ya kanseri? Ibi bikwereka uburyo uturemangingo twa kanseri dusa cyangwa dutandukanye n'uturemangingo dusanzwe, ndetse n'uburyo dushobora gukwirakwira vuba.
• Niba hakenewe ibindi bipimo, nko gusuzuma ibizamini bya biopsy.
• Wenda, gusuzuma indwara cyangwa gukeka bike.

Bizantwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo menye ibisubizo?

Iki kandi ni ikintu abantu benshi bibaza. Igihe bifata kugira ngo umuntu amenye ibisubizo biterwa na buri muntu.

• Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bimwe na bimwe byo gupimwa bisanzwe (nk'isuzuma rya Pap) bishobora gufata iminsi mike (wenda umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri).
• Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bigoye bishobora gufata icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri cyangwa birenga.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri ibi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Umukoro w'akazi muri laboratwari.
• Ukeneye kubona uturemangingo cyangwa ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi.
• Hashobora kuba ngombwa ko habaho ibizamini byihariye cyangwa ibindi bipimo.
• Hari igihe hakenewe igitekerezo cya kabiri kivuye ku wundi muganga.
• Igihe cyo gutunganya ni igihe bifata kugira ngo icyitegererezo kijye muri laboratwari, gitegurwe, gipimwe, cyandikwe, hanyuma kigashyikirizwa muganga wawe.

Muganga wawe azashobora kuguha igitekerezo cy'igihe ubusanzwe bifata.

Ni iyihe sano iri hagati ya cytology na pathology?

Ntukavange ibi byombi. Cytology, cyangwa tuyita 'Cytopathology', ni ishami rya Pathology, ni ukuvuga, umwihariko.

Mu buvuzi, indwara ni urwego rw'ubuvuzi rushinzwe gusuzuma uturemangingo n'ingingo mu mubiri cyangwa mu bipimo by'amazi kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara. Bityo rero, sitology ni kimwe mu bice by'urwo rwego runini.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya Cytology na Histology?

Cytology na Histology ni andi mashami abiri ya Pathology. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ayo mashami ni icyo isuzumwa.

• Cytology ireba cyane cyane uturemangingo ku giti cyatwo cyangwa amatsinda y’uturemangingo. Utwo turemangingo dushobora kuba uturemangingo twakuwe muri FNA cyangwa uturemangingo twakuwe muri FNA.
• Histology ireba igice cyose cy'ingingo.Ingero y'uturemangingo irasuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo, uburyo dufitanye isano, n'imiterere y'uturemangingo. Ibi akenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe ingero y'uturemangingo binyuze muri biopsy.

Mu magambo make, siyansi y’uturemangingo ni nko gufata ikibabi ku giti ukakireba, mu gihe siyansi y’uturemangingo ari nko gufata ishami ku giti.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'ikizamini cya cytology na biopsy?

Intego ya byombi ni ugusuzuma indwara, ariko hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati yabyo.

• Ingano y'icyitegererezo:
• Muri cytology, urugero ruto cyane rw'uturemangingo rusuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi.
• Ubusanzwe, gupima umubiri bikubiyemo gufata igice kinini cy'umubiri kurusha icyitegererezo cya cytology.

• Uko wabikora:
• Gufata icyitegererezo cya cytology (urugero: Pap smear, swab) akenshi biroroshye, nta bubabare, kandi bishobora kudasaba ikinya.
• Ibipimo bya biopsy akenshi biba ari byinshi kurusha ibya cytology. Bishobora gusaba anesthesia yo mu gace runaka cyangwa anesthesia rusange.

• Igenzurwa ni iki:
• Cytology ireba uturemangingo ku giti cyatwo cyangwa amatsinda y'uturemangingo .
• Mu gusuzuma ingirabuzimafatizo, umuganga w’indwara asuzuma uturemangingo gusa, ndetse n’imiterere y’uturemangingo twose .

Amaherezo, ibintu ugomba kwibuka

Rero, ndizera ko ubu ufite igitekerezo cyiza kuri Cytology. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni uko ibizamini bya Cytology ari uburyo busanzwe kandi bwizewe, akenshi butababaza kandi bukoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara no kumenya ibintu nka kanseri hakiri kare.

Gutegereza ibisubizo by'ibizamini bishobora kukugora cyane kandi biguhangayikishije. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko ibuka ko itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rihora rihari kugira ngo rigufashe kandi rikwitaho, uko ibisubizo byaba bimeze kose. Niba ufite ikibazo ku isuzuma ryawe, ibisubizo byawe, cyangwa icyo wakora nyuma yaho, ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe. Ufite uburenganzira bwo kumvwa no kumvikana. Urabyumva?

` Cytology, Cytology, Gupima utunyangingo, Gupima kanseri, Gupima Pap, Pap Smear, FNA, Gusuzuma, Pathology