Reka twige ku bimenyetso bya enzyme mu maraso yawe.

Iyo umuganga akubwiye gusuzuma "Enzyme Markers" zawe, ushobora kuba ufite ibibazo bike mu mutwe, si byo se? "Izi enzymes ni iki?", "Kuki zisuzumwa?" Ibibazo nk'ibyo. Ntugahangayike, biroroshye cyane. Reka twige byinshi kuri ibi uyu munsi, kimwe no kuganira n'inshuti.

None se ibi bimenyetso bya enzyme ni ibihe?

Mu magambo make, Enzyme Markers ni ikizamini cy'amaraso gipima ingano ya enzymes zimwe na zimwe mu maraso yawe. Izi enzymes zikunze kuboneka mu turemangingo tw'umubiri wacu. Ariko, iyo urugingo mu mubiri wacu, nk'umwijima, umutima, cyangwa imitsi, rwangiritse, rurwaye, cyangwa rwarakomeretse, zimwe muri izi enzymes zisohoka muri utwo turemangingo zangiritse zijya mu maraso. Ni nk'amazi ava mu icupa ryamenetse.

Hanyuma, hamwe n'iki gipimo cy'amaraso, muganga ashobora kureba niba urugero rw'iyi enzyme mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru cyangwa ruri hasi ugereranije n'ibisanzwe. Hari igihe abaganga bayita "ibipimo by'ubuzima." Ni ukuvuga ikimenyetso cy'indwara runaka. Ibi bishobora guha muganga ikimenyetso cy'uko hari ikibazo mu mubiri wawe.

None se, izi "enzymes" ni iki?

Twavuze ku "bimenyetso bya enzymes." None se izi "enzymes" ni iki? Tekereza kuri enzymes nk'poroteyine zikora nk'ibikoresho bito mu mibiri yacu. Zifasha mu zindi nzira z'imiti mu mibiri yacu, kandi zigatuma turushaho kwihuta mu mikorere y'umubiri. Ni nk'umuntu udufasha gusya ibiryo vuba.

Hari ibihumbi by'imisemburo itandukanye mu mibiri yacu, buri imwe muri zo ikora akazi kayo. Dore ingero nke:

• Mu mikorere y'amaraso: Bifasha mu kuvura amaraso.
• Uduce tw’igogora: Bifasha mu gusya ibiryo turya.
• Imitsi n'amagufwa: Imitsi ifasha mu mikorere no mu kugenda.
• Udutsi two mu bwonko: Bifasha imikorere y'ubwonko, uruti rw'umugongo n'imitsi.
• Uruhushya rwo guhumeka: Rufasha mu guhumeka neza.
• Uduce tw'inkari: Bifasha gukura imyanda mu mubiri.

Urabona, imisemburo igira uruhare runini mu mibiri yacu!

Ni nde ukeneye iki kizamini cy'ikimenyetso cya enzyme?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma muganga ategeka ko umuntu apimwa. Impamvu nyamukuru ni izi zikurikira:

• Gusuzuma: Hari igihe, iyo ugiye kwisuzumisha umubiri ku buryo busanzwe, iki kizamini gishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibibazo byo mu mutima, ibyangiritse ku ngingo, cyangwa umunaniro w'imitsi, nubwo waba udafite ibimenyetso.
• Kugira ngo umenye indwara (Isuzumabumenyi):Niba ufite ibimenyetso, iki kizamini gishobora kugufasha kumenya niba icyabiteye ari indwara runaka cyangwa ikibazo cy'umutima.
• Gukurikirana intsinzi y'ubuvuzi: Niba ufata imiti y'indwara runaka, ibi bizamini bya enzymes bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba umuti ukora neza cyangwa niba wangiza urugingo rw'umubiri.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibizamini by'ibimenyetso bya enzyme biriho?

Abaganga bakoresha ibizamini bitandukanye bya enzymes kugira ngo bamenye indwara zitandukanye n'uko zihagaze. Dore zimwe mu ndwara z'ingenzi:

• Ikizamini cya enzyme y'umutima: Iki gikorwa gisuzuma niba imitsi y'umutima yangiritse.
• Ikizamini cya isoenzymes ya Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK): Iki kizamini cya enzymes nka `(CK-MB)` na `(CK-MM)`. Ibi bishobora kandi kumenya ibyangiritse ku mitsi, cyane cyane umutima n'indi mitsi.
• Ikizamini cya enzyme y'umwijima: Iki kizamini gipima enzyme nka `(ALT)`, `(AST)`, `(Alkaline phosphatase)`, `(GGT)`, na `(5'-NT)` kugira ngo hamenyekane uko umwijima umeze.

Reka turebe buri bwoko muri ubu buryo mu buryo burambuye.

Ikizamini cya Enzyme y'umutima ni iki?

Ibi bikunze gukorwa iyo hakekwa ko hari indwara y'umutima, cyangwa kugira ngo harebwe niba imitsi y'umutima yangiritse bitewe n'indi ndwara y'umutima. Bikorwa kandi kugira ngo harebwe uko umutima ukora nyuma yo kubagwa umutima, nko gupima imitsi y'umutima (coronary artery bypass grafting - CABG) cyangwa angioplasty.

Iyo ikintu cyangiritse mu mutima, umutima urekura poroteyine yitwa troponin (cTn) na enzyme yitwa creatine phosphokinase (CPK) mu maraso. Mu bihe byashize, urugero rwa creatine phosphokinase (CPK) ni rwo rwari ikizamini nyamukuru cyakoreshwaga mu gusuzuma indwara y'umutima. Ariko ubu, niba ukeka ko ushobora kuba ufite indwara y'umutima, abaganga bakunze gukora ikizamini cya troponin kugira ngo bemeze ko ari indwara. Ibi biterwa nuko enzyme ya troponin iboneka mu mutima gusa. Niyo mpamvu ari umwihariko cyane.

Urugero rwa Troponin mu maraso rushobora gutangira kwiyongera mu masaha 12 nyuma y’indwara y’umutima. Ingano ya CPK iri hejuru ishobora kandi kugaragaza indwara yitwa indwara y’imitsi y’umutima, ikaba ari ukufunga imitsi itanga amaraso mu mutima.

Ubusanzwe, urugero rwa troponin mu maraso ruba ruri hasi cyane - hafi nanogarama 0.02 kuri mililitiro (0.02 ng/mL). Ingano iri hejuru y'iyi enzyme y'umutima mu maraso bivuze ko indwara y'umutima ishoboka. Uko agaciro kayo kaba kari hejuru, niko kwangirika k'umutima kwarushaho kwiyongera.

Kubera ko urugero rwa enzymes ruhinduka mu gihe cy'indwara y'umutima, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo apime urugero rwa CPK na troponin buri masaha make.

Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko upimwa enzyme y'umutima niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso:

• Kubabara mu gatuza
• Kuzungera
• Isesemi
• Kubira ibyuya byinshi (Kubira ibyuya byinshi / Hyperhidrosis)
• Kubura umwuka / Kubura umwuka

Ikizamini cya CPK Isoenzymes ni iki?

Iki kizamini gisuzuma urugero rwo hejuru rwa `(CPK)`. Ibi bigaragaza ko habayeho kwangirika kw'imitsi. Iyo imitsi yacu (harimo n'imitsi y'umutima), ubwonko, n'ibihaha byangiritse bitewe n'indwara cyangwa imvune, iyi isoenzymes ya `(CPK)` irekurwa mu maraso. Isoenzymes ni ubwoko bwa enzymes zihariye ku ngingo zimwe na zimwe cyangwa ingingo zimwe na zimwe.

Urugero:

• `(CK)` yihariye y'umutima ni `CK-MB` .
• `(CK)` yihariye ku mitsi y'amagufwa (nk'imitsi y'amaboko) ni `CK-MM` .
• Kuvuga gusa `(CK)` ni umubare wose wa `(CK)` uturuka muri ibi bice byose.

Bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe, indwara urwaye, cyangwa ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka iki kizamini cya isoenzyme (CPK) kugira ngo arebe niba hari indwara nk'izi:

• Indwara y'umutima
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Ikibyimba cyo mu bwonko
• Kudakora kw'imitsi (indwara igabanya intege z'imitsi)
• Dermatomyositis (indwara y'uruhu n'imitsi)
• Indwara yo kugabanya umuvuduko w'umubiri (indwara itera intege nke z'imitsi)
• Polymyositis (indwara y'imitsi)
• Ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije (indwara ituma umuntu agira umuriro mwinshi bitewe n'ikinya mu gihe cyo kubagwa)

Ikizamini cya Enzyme y'umwijima ni iki?

Iyo umwijima wacu wangiritse bitewe n'indwara cyangwa imvune runaka, umwijima urekura imisemburo itandukanye mu maraso. Ebyiri muri izi misemburo zizwi cyane ni alanine aminotransferase (ALT) na aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Imisemburo ya ALT ikorerwa ahanini mu mwijima. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ikorerwa mu mwijima, mu mutima, mu mpyiko, mu bwonko no mu mitsi.

Ikizamini cya enzyme y'umwijima gisuzuma urugero rw'izi enzymes ruri hejuru. Iyo zirenze urugero, bishobora guterwa n'indwara nk'izi:

• Umuyoboro w'inyongo ufunze
• Indwara ya Celiac (allergie kuri gluten)
• Kurwara umwijima mu mwijima
• Indwara y'umwijima urimo ibinure byinshi cyangwa indwara y'umwijima iterwa n'inzoga
• Hemochromatosis (ubutare bwinshi mu maraso)
• Hepatite A, hepatite B na hepatite C
• Kanseri y'umwijima
• Mononucleosis (indwara itera kubyimba kw'uturemangingo)
• Indwara ya Wilson (kuzura cyane kw'umuringa mu igufwa)

Wibuke ko urugero rw’imisemburo yo mu mubiri rukabije atari ngombwa ko bivuze ko ufite indwara. Muganga wawe azagereranya ibi n’ibimenyetso byawe n’ibindi bisubizo by’ibizamini kugira ngo agere ku mwanzuro.

Ni gute nakwitegura ikizamini cy'ikimenyetso cya enzyme?

Niba ugiye gupimwa amaraso, kuzirikana ibi bintu bike bishobora koroshya igikorwa:

• Nywa amazi menshi: Nywa amazi menshi mbere yo gutanga amaraso. Ibi bizafasha amaraso gutembera neza mu mitsi, bityo byoroshye kuyakusanya.
• Irinde nikotine: Niba unywa itabi (harimo no kunywa inzoga), irinde mbere yo gutanga amaraso. Nikotine ituma imiyoboro y'amaraso ifungana, bigatuma bigorana gukura amaraso mu mitsi ifunganye.
• Tubwire niba ufite ubwoba: Niba ufite ubwoba bwo guterwa inshinge (Trypanophobia) cyangwa ubwoba bwo kubona amaraso (Hemophobia), banza ubwire muganga wawe cyangwa umuntu ukuramo amaraso mbere y'igihe. Bashobora kugufasha gutuma inzira yo guterwa amaraso irushaho koroha.

Ese ngomba kwiyiriza ubusa mbere yo gupimwa ikimenyetso cya enzyme?

Muganga wawe azakubwira niba ukeneye kwiyiriza ubusa (usibye amazi). Kenshi na kenshi, ntabwo ari ngombwa. Cyane cyane ko ibizamini bya enzymes z'umutima bikorwa mu gihe cyihutirwa, nk'indwara y'umutima, ntuzitezwe kwiyiriza ubusa muri icyo gihe.

Bigenda bite iyo hakozwe ikizamini cya enzyme marker?

Iki ni ikizamini cyoroheje cyane cy'amaraso. Bitewe n'uko uhagaze, iki kizamini gishobora gukorerwa kwa muganga, muri laboratwari ipima amaraso, cyangwa mu bitaro. Umuganga w'indwara z'amenyo (umuntu wigishijwe cyane gupima amaraso) cyangwa undi muhanga mu by'ubuzima azagufata amaraso. Iki gikorwa kimara iminota mike gusa.

Ni iki nkwiye kwitega nyuma yo gupimwa ikimenyetso cya enzyme?

Ni byiza gushyira plaster aho amaraso yakuwe mu gihe cy'amasaha abiri kugeza kuri ane kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura. Aho urushinge rwashyizwe hashobora kubyimba gato kandi hagakomereka. Ibi bizashira mu minsi mike.

Ushobora kugabanya gukomereka cyangwa kubabara ukoresheje ibi bikurikira:

• Zingira agapaki k'urubura mu gitambaro hanyuma ushyire hejuru y'igishishwa.
• Fata umuti ugabanya ububabare ugurishwa na muganga.
• Ntugaterure ibyuma cyangwa ngo ukore imyitozo ngororamubiri igoye mu gihe cy'amasaha 24 nyuma yo gutanga amaraso.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa no gupima ikimenyetso cya enzyme?

Gupima amaraso ni uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara nke. Hari abantu bashobora kugira umuvuduko muke w'amaraso (hypotension) iyo bakuye amaraso. Ibi bishobora gutuma wumva umeze nk'ufite isesemi cyangwa ukagira isesemi. Niba wumva utameze neza cyangwa unaniwe, bwira muganga wawe cyangwa umuntu ufata amaraso ako kanya. Bashobora kugufasha bagutera kuryama cyangwa gukora ibindi bintu.

Ni ryari nzakira ibisubizo by'ibizamini?

Mu gihe cy’impanuka, urugero, iyo hakekwa ko hari indwara y’umutima, ibisubizo biboneka vuba cyane. Bitabaye ibyo, bishobora gufata iminsi myinshi kugira ngo muganga abone ibisubizo bivuye muri laboratwari.

Muganga wawe azakubwira ibisubizo. Ushobora gukenera ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo umenye ikibazo runaka cyangwa urebe neza ko nta kibazo gihari. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ikibazo, ushobora gupimwa ibimenyetso byinshi bya enzyme mu gihe cy'amasaha cyangwa iminsi.

Ni iki ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Ushobora kubaza muganga ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Kuki ngomba gukora iki kizamini cy'ikimenyetso cya enzyme?
• Ese ngomba kwiyiriza ubusa, kureka kunywa itabi, cyangwa kureka gufata imiti mbere yo kwipimisha?
• Ni ryari nzakira ibisubizo by'ibizamini?
• Ese nkwiye guhangayikishwa n'ibisubizo by'ibizamini?
• Ese ngomba gukora ibizamini byinshi?
• Ni kangahe nzakenera gukora iki kizamini cy'ikimenyetso cya enzyme?

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Ikizamini cy’ibimenyetso bya enzyme ni ikizamini gitanga amakuru y’ingenzi ku mikorere y’ingingo zacu, uko indwara zihagaze, n’uburyo zivurwa. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe, muganga ashobora gutegeka iki kizamini kugira ngo amenye indwara cyangwa kugira ngo yemeze ko nta ndwara nk’iyo ihari.

Ikizamini cya enzyme y'umutima gipima ibyangiritse ku mutima nyuma y'indwara y'umutima. Ikizamini cya phosphokinase (CPK) gisuzuma indwara ziterwa n'imitsi. Ikizamini cya enzyme y'umwijima gisuzuma imikorere y'umwijima. Baza muganga wawe ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ushobora kuba ufite kuri iki kizamini cyangwa ibisubizo byacyo. Ntugahangayike, muganga wawe arahari kugira ngo agufashe.

Imisemburo , ibizamini bya enzyme, ibizamini by'amaraso, indwara z'umutima, indwara z'umwijima, indwara z'imitsi, gusuzuma