Intwari ntoya mu buzima bwacu: Byose ku byerekeye Medulla Oblongata!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo bimwe mu bintu biri mu mibiri yacu - guhumeka, gutera imitima yacu, kumira ibiryo - bibaho mu buryo bwikora, nta mbaraga, tutanabitekerejeho? Umuntu muto ariko ukomeye cyane uri inyuma y'iyi mirimo myinshi y'ingenzi yitwa Medulla Oblongata. Ese twavuga kuri iki gice gitangaje uyu munsi?

Medulla Oblongata ni iki? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, medulla oblongata yawe ni igice cy'ubwonko bwawe. Tekereza muri ubu buryo, kuva mu bwonko bwacu kugeza ku mugongo wacu, dufite umugongo, umeze nk'ikiraro gihuza ibyo byombi. Niyo mpamvu medulla oblongata ari ihuriro ry'ingenzi cyane mu mitsi yacu. Ni nk'aho imihanda minini ihurira! Igenzura imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu.

Ni iki mu by'ukuri medulla oblongata ikora? Zimwe mu nshingano zayo...

Medulla oblongata (reka tuyite "medulla") ifite akazi gakomeye cyane. Ntabwo ari ukubera aho iherereye gusa, ahubwo ni ukubera ibintu igenzura. Dore bimwe mu byo ikora:

• Icunga umutima , itembera ry'amaraso , no guhumeka : Yego, medulla niho sisitemu yacu y'umutima n'imitsi n'ubuhumekero bikorera hamwe kugira ngo bigenzure ibintu nk'umuvuduko w'umutima wawe, uko uhumeka, n'umuvuduko w'amaraso . Tekereza, iyo bitabaho, ntitwashoboraga no guhumeka neza!
• Izindi nzira zikora zikora: Ibi ni ibintu bibaho mu mubiri wawe mu buryo bwikora utabanje kubitekerezaho. Urugero, ibintu nko gukorora, kwitsamura, kumira ibiryo, kuruka , no kubungabunga uburinganire . Iyo turya, ntabwo twibwira ngo "Nkeneye kumira ubu ngubu," sibyo? Bibaho mu buryo bwikora. Ibi nibyo bidufasha kubikora.
• Imitsi : Imyakura myinshi ikomeye mu mubiri wacu ihuza umugongo wacu. Kuva aho, ubutumwa bwoherezwa mu bwonko no mu bwonko binyuze muri iyo mitsi. Bityo, ubwo butumwa bwose bugomba kunyura muri medulla. Ine muri cumi n'ebyiri z'imitsi yo mu mutwe, ihuza ibice nk'ijosi ryawe, umuhogo , n'ururimi mu buryo butaziguye n'ubwonko, inyura muri iyi medulla.
• Aho bihurira:Dore ikintu gitangaje cyane! Hari agace kidasanzwe kitwa "Piramidi" muri medulla aho imitsi myinshi igira uruhare mu mikorere y'umubiri wacu inyura. Iyo nzira yo kwambuka ni yo mpamvu uruhande rumwe rw'ubwonko bwawe rukunze kugenzura urundi ruhande rw'umubiri wawe. Tekereza, iyo ushaka kwimura ukuboko kwawe kw'iburyo, itegeko rituruka ibumoso bw'ubwonko bwawe. Ibyo ni byo bibaho kubera iyi nzira yo kwambuka.

Icy'ingenzi: Medulla ni igice cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwacu kandi gikora umurimo woroshye cyane. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kuyitaho.

Ni iyihe sano iri hagati ya medulla n'imitsi yo mu mutwe?

Twamaze kuvuga ko hari ubwoko bw'imitsi yitwa imitsi yo mu mutwe. Iyi mitsi iza mu buryo bubiri. Reka turebe imwe mu mitsi inyura muri medulla:

• Umutsi wo mu bwonko IX (CN IX): Uyu mutsi wo mu bwonko wa cyenda ugira uruhare mu mirimo myinshi mu kanwa kacu. Ugenzura imyakura ikora amacandwe, uburyohe, n'ikorakora mu kanwa. Ugenzura kandi uburyo bwo gucika intege, bikatubuza gufata ikintu mu muhogo wacu mu buryo butunguranye.
• Uturemangingo tw’Impatwe X (CN X): Irindi zina ry’uyu mutsi wa cumi w’impatwe ni umutsi wa Vagus. Mu by’ukuri uyu mutsi ni ingenzi cyane mu mubiri wacu. Uhujwe na buri rugingo rw’ingenzi kuva mu ijosi kugeza ku gice cyo hejuru cy’amara yacu. Utwara ubutumwa buturuka mu mitsi y’ubwonko ikora ku giti cyacu, tutanatekerezaho. Ucunga ibintu nko gutera k’umutima no kugenda kw’amara. Utwara kandi ubutumwa bujya mu mara (agasanduku k’ijwi) no mu mitsi ikoreshwa mu kumira ibiryo.
• Imitsi yo mu mutwe XI (CN XI): Umutsi wa cumi n'umwe wo mu mutwe ugenzura imitsi yo mu ijosi ryacu no mu mugongo wo hejuru. Iyi mitsi ifasha iyo uhindukije umutwe wawe kandi ukazamura ibitugu byawe.
• Imitsi yo mu mutwe XII (CN XII): Umutsi wo mu mutwe wa cumi na kabiri ugenzura imitsi ukoresha kugira ngo utange ururimi rwawe. Bityo rero, kuvuga no kumira ni ngombwa.

Urabona, mbega uburyo urusobe rw'imitsi rw'ingenzi rukorera muri aka gatsiko gato k'imitsi!

Medulla iherereye he?

Medulla iherereye hasi cyane mu bwonko bwawe. By’umwihariko, niho umugongo wawe uhurira n’ubwonko bwawe binyuze mu mwenge witwa foramen magnum uri mu nsi y’agahanga kawe. Hejuru gato ya medulla hari pons, iri munsi y’imiterere iri hagati mu bwonko. Ikindi kintu kidasanzwe cya medulla ni uko itandukanya imitsi igenzura imitsi (iherereye ibumoso) n’imitsi igenzura ibyiyumvo nko gukoraho, ubushyuhe, n’ububabare (iherereye iburyo).

Ibi bisa bite? Ishusho, ibara, ingano?

• Imiterere:Ubusanzwe medulla iba ifite ishusho nk'umuyoboro, cyangwa funnel. Igice cyo hejuru, aho ihuzwa na pons, ni cyo cyagutse cyane.
• Ibara: Iri rikunze kuba ibara ry'umukara cyangwa ibara ry'umukara. Hari igihe riba rifite ibara ry'umutuku.
• Ingano: Medulla ni ingenzi cyane, ariko ni nto cyane. Ifite uburebure bwa santimetero 3 (hafi santimetero 1.1). Igice kinini cyane cy'aho uburebure buherereye ni santimetero 2 (hafi santimetero 0.78).
• Uburemere: Ubwonko bw'umuntu mukuru bupima hagati ya kilogarama 1.2 na 1.4 (ibiro 2.6 na 3.1). Medulla ingana na 0.5% by'ibi. Bivuze ko ipima hagati ya garama 59 na 72 (ounces 2 na 2.5). Ni nto, ariko ikora akazi kenshi, sibyo?

Ibi bikozwe n'iki?

Kimwe n'izindi ngingo z'ubwonko, medulla igizwe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko twera n'utw'ikijuju hamwe n'uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Utwo turemangingo tw'ubwonko bwacu tugizwe na:

• 77% by'amazi
• Ibinure `(Lipides)` 11%
• 8% bya poroteyine
• Ibindi bintu 4%

Ni izihe ndwara n'indwara zikunze kwibasira amenyo?

Iki gice gito ariko cy'ingenzi cyane gishobora kwibasirwa n'indwara zitandukanye n'ibindi bibazo. Dore bimwe muri byo:

• Imitsi y'amaraso idafite imbaraga kandi ibyimbye (Aneurysms)
• Kanseri
• Kwangirika k'ubwonko guterwa n'ibikomere byo mu mutwe, nko kubabara mu mutwe no gukomereka mu bwonko
• Ibitero byo mu bwonko cyangwa ibitero by'ihungabana ry'umubiri by'agateganyo (TIAs) (byitwa kandi ibitero bito)
• Hariho kandi izindi ndwara nyinshi zidasanzwe, nka Moebius syndrome, multiple system atrophy, na progressive supranuclear palsy.

Hariho kandi indwara nyinshi ziterwa n'imitsi yo mu bwonko, zizwi ku mazina yihariye:

• Indwara ya Wallenberg: Izwi kandi nka lateral medullary syndrome, iyi ndwara ibaho iyo amaraso atembera ku ruhande rwa medulla ahagaze, bigatera kwangirika muri ako gace. Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa stroke bukunze kwibasira medulla.
• Dejerine syndrome: Yitwa kandi medial medullary syndrome, ibi bibaho iyo indwara yo gucika kw'amaraso ibuza amaraso gutembera hagati muri medulla, ikagira ingaruka kuri piramide aho imitsi inyura.
• Indwara ya Bilateral medial medullary syndrome: Iyi ni indwara idasanzwe. Ihuza imiterere ya Dejerine syndrome na Wallenberg syndrome, ikagira ingaruka ku mpande zombi z'umubiri.
• Indwara ya Reinhold:Iyi kandi yitwa hemidemedullary syndrome. Iyi ni gake cyane. Ifite ibimenyetso bya Wallenberg na Dejerine syndrome, ariko Wallenberg syndrome ifata uruhande rumwe gusa.
• Indwara za Babinski-Nageotte na Cestan-Chenais: Izi ndwara nazo ni indwara zidasanzwe cyane. Ziterwa n'uruvange rwa zimwe mu ngaruka za Wallenberg syndrome na Reinhold syndrome.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibibazo biri mu gice cy'imitsi?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara zigira ingaruka kuri medulla bishobora gusa cyane n'ibigaragara mu bibazo by'ibice by'umubiri bifitanye isano n'imitsi inyura muri medulla. Ariko , itandukaniro rikomeye ni uko iyo urwaye indwara yo mu bwonko ifata medulla, uzabona ibimenyetso bimwe ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri wawe n'ibindi ku rundi ruhande. Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Ibimenyetso by'indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi (urugero: kunama mu maso, kudashobora kuvuga, gutakaza urugingo rw'umubiri)
• Kudashobora cyangwa kutagira ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu (ibimenyetso bya ataxia) - kugenda nk'umusinzi, kudashobora gufata ibintu.
• Umutwe
• Ijwi rituje (Dysphonia)
• Kubura kumva ubushyuhe cyangwa ububabare mu gice cy'umubiri cyangwa mu maso
• Nystagmus (imyitwarire y'amaso idagenzurwa)
• Isesemi no kuruka
• Kurwara ubumuga (mu bice bitandukanye by'isura cyangwa umubiri)
• Kugorwa no kumira (Dysphagia)
• Ibibazo byo kutabona neza

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bwa medulla?

Hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma indwara zigira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, harimo na medulla. Bimwe mu bizamini bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Gupima amaraso (urugero, ibireba ibibazo by’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri cyangwa indwara zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo)
• Isuzuma rya mudasobwa (CT)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) (igenzura imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko)
• Electromyogram (EMG) (ireba imikorere y'imitsi mu mitsi)
• Ishusho ya resonance ya magnetic (MRI)
• Isuzuma rya Positron emission tomography (PET)
• Gupfuka umugongo / Gupfuka umugongo

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara za medulla?

Uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura indwara za medulla ni bwihariye, kuko iki gice cy'ubwonko gikora imirimo yihariye. Nanone, bitewe n'aho medulla iherereye, kubagwa bishobora kugorana cyane, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ntibishoboke, bitewe n'ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika ku bindi bice by'ubwonko cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo biri hafi aho.

Ni iki nakora kugira ngo amenyo yanjye akomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza?

Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kwa medulla yawe, cyangwa wirinde ibintu biyigiraho ingaruka:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye.Iyo udafite vitamine zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane vitamine B12, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe, harimo na medulla, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye.
• Komeza gukora siporo kandi ukomeze kugira ibiro byiza. Ibibazo bijyanye n'imiyoboro y'amaraso n'umutima bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe. Urugero rumwe muri izo ndwara ni stroke. Indwara zo mu bwonko akenshi ziterwa n'ibibazo by'umutima. Gukomeza gukora siporo no gukomeza kugira ibiro byiza bishobora kugabanya ibi byago.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda iyo bibaye ngombwa. Gukomereka mu mutwe bishobora kwangiza ubwonko cyane. Gukomereka mu bwonko cyangwa gukomereka mu bwonko bishobora kubaho. Kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda (nk'ingofero) mu gihe ukora cyangwa ukina bishobora gufasha ubwonko bwawe kwirinda ibikomere nk'ibi.

Ese medulla igenzura uburakari n'imyitwarire y'ubugizi bwa nabi?

Oya, medulla yawe ntabwo igenzura amarangamutima nk'uburakari, uburakari, n'imyitwarire y'ubugizi bwa nabi. Ayo marangamutima ashingira ku bindi bice bibiri by'ubwonko bwawe, cyane cyane sisitemu y'impinduka. Uruhare rwonyine rwa medulla mu bugizi bwa nabi ni ugucunga umuvuduko w'umutima wawe, guhumeka, n'izindi nzira zikora ku buryo bwikora.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Noneho rero, ushobora kuba usobanukiwe ko Medulla Oblongata ari igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'umubiri wacu, uko cyaba gito kose. Gikora nk'ahantu ho gusiganwa, gifasha mu kohereza ubutumwa bw'imitsi mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Iyo bitabaye ibyo, ntiwashoboraga gukora ikintu cyoroshye nko kuvuga izina ryawe, cyangwa se ikintu kigoye nko gufata no gutera umupira.

Kumenya ibijyanye na medulla oblongata bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza umubiri wawe. Bizagufasha kandi kwita ku buzima bw'ubwonko bwawe n'imitsi. Gerageza guhora uhora ufite ubuzima bwiza!

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Medulla oblongata, igiti cy'ubwonko, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, guhumeka, umutima, imitsi yo mu mutwe, stroke