Reka twige ku basirikari bato mu mubiri wawe - limfozeti.

Twese twifuza kugira ubuzima bwiza. None se wari uzi ko umubiri wacu ufite ubwirinzi butangaje buturinda indwara? Lymphocytes ni ingenzi cyane muri ubwo buryo bw'ubwirinzi. Mu magambo make, ni nk'abasirikare bato mu mubiri wacu. Reka tuvuge byinshi kuri izi lymphocytes uyu munsi.

Lymphocytes ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Lymphocytes ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twitwa uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera. Yego, wumvise ko mu maraso harimo uturemangingo dutukura n'uturemangingo twera. Lymphocytes ni itsinda ryihariye ry'uturemangingo twera. Akazi kabo k'ingenzi ni ugufasha uturemangingo tw'umubiri wacu. Uturemangingo tw'umubiri ni nk'ingabo z'igihugu cyacu. Ubu buryo buriho kugira ngo buturinde abanzi baturutse hanze (ni ukuvuga mikorobe , bagiteri, virusi zitera indwara).

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa lymphocytes:

• T lymphocytes (T cells): Izi ni zo zigenzura uburyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukora. Zishobora kandi kubona uturemangingo twanduye n'uturemangingo twa kanseri hanyuma zikatwibasira mu buryo butaziguye.
• Limfozeti B (cyangwa selile B): Izi ni zo zikora ibintu byitwa antibodies. Antibodies ni ubwoko bwa poroteyine. Mu by'ukuri, izi ni nk'intwaro zakozwe by'umwihariko kugira ngo zimenye kandi zirwanye abajura b'abanyamahanga nka virusi na bagiteri.

None se, ni iyihe serivisi izi lymphocytes zitanga ku mibiri yacu?

Lymphocytes si uturemangingo duke gusa. Dukora umurimo mwiza ku mibiri yacu.

Ahanini, izi lymphocytes zifasha kurwanya uturemangingo twa kanseri no kurwanya antigens nka virusi na bagiteri ziturutse hanze.

Si ibyo gusa, kandi izi lymphocytes zifite no kwibuka gutangaje. Zibuka buri antigen zose zihura nazo. Tekereza, niba wararwaye iseru ukiri umwana , uzongera kurwara iseru gake cyane nukura, sibyo? Ni nako bigenda no ku ndurwe. Ibyo biterwa no kwibuka izi lymphocytes. Zimwe muri lymphocytes, nyuma yo guhura na antigen, zihinduka "uturemangingo tw'urwibutso". Hanyuma, iyo antigen imwe igarutse mu mubiri, izi cells z'urwibutso zihita zibimenya kandi zigakira vuba. Niyo mpamvu tutarwara indwara ebyiri. Ni ukubera iri hame dushobora kurindwa indwara zimwe na zimwe dutanga inkingo.

Uturemangingo twa T na B dukora gute?

Izi selile T na selile B byombi bikorana, ariko inshingano zabyo ziratandukanye gato.

Uruhare rw'uturemangingo twa T

Uturemangingo twa T nitwo ahanini dushinzwe gusenya uturemangingo twanduye no kugenzura uko umubiri wacu ubyitwaramo ku bintu byo mu mahanga. Ariko, uturemangingo twinshi twa T dukenera ubufasha bw'urundi turemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa kugira ngo dukore. Uturemangingo twa T tumaze gukora, turagwira (ni ukuvuga kwiyongera mu bunini) kandi twihariye mu bwoko butandukanye bwa uturemangingo twa T. Ubwo bwoko ni:

• Uturemangingo twa T dutoteza : Tumeze nk'imbaraga zidasanzwe ku rugamba. Utwo turemangingo twifatanya na antigens ku turemangingo twanduye cyangwa tudasanzwe. Hanyuma dukora imyobo mu ruhu rw'uturemangingo twanduye, tugatera enzymes , hanyuma tukabica.
• Uturemangingo twa T: Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, izi zifasha izindi selile z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Zimwe zifasha selile za B gukora uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Izindi zifasha selile za T gukora uturemangingo tw'umubiri.
• Uturemangingo twa T duto: Utu turemangingo dukora ibintu bifasha mu guhagarika uburyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukora. Hari n'igihe bifasha mu kurinda umubiri wacu kugira ingaruka mbi.

Imikorere y'uturemangingo twa B

Uturemangingo twa B dufite uduce twihariye twakira udukoko ku buso bwatwo dufatana na antigen. Uturemangingo twa B twiga kumenya izi antigen zitandukanye no gukora uturemangingo twihariye two kwibasira buri imwe. Uturemangingo twa B twitabira antigen mu buryo bubiri:

• Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kwirinda indwara: Iyo antigen ihuye na receptor, uturemangingo twa B turashishikarizwa. Uturemangingo twa B tumwe na tumwe tuba "uturemangingo tw'urwibutso." Uturemangingo twa B tuba "uturemangingo twa plasma." Utwo turemangingo twa plasma dukora uturemangingo twihariye kuri antigen yashishikarijwe. Ariko, bishobora gufata iminsi myinshi kugira ngo umubare ukenewe wa antibodies uboneke.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwa kabiri: Tekereza uko bigenda iyo antigen imwe ya mbere igarutse mu mubiri. Hanyuma, utwo turemangingo tw'ubwibukire turabyibuka. Bigwira vuba, bihinduka uturemangingo twa plasma, kandi bigakora uturemangingo tw'umubiri vuba cyane. Iyi niyo mpamvu kandi ukira vuba iyo urwaye ku nshuro ya kabiri.

None se, ni hehe mu mubiri wacu hakorerwa kandi haherereye he?

Lymphocytes zikorerwa mu musokoro wacu w'amagufwa.Hanyuma, zirakura, bivuze ko zikura neza, zikinjira mu maraso. Lymphocytes zikuze zishobora kuboneka mu maraso yacu no mu bice byose by'urusobe rw'amaraso .

Limfozeti zimwe zijya ahantu hitwa thymus gland yacu. Izo limfozeti zihinduka T cells. Izindi limfozeti zijya muri lymph nodes zacu no mu zindi ngingo z'umubiri. Izo ni zo zihinduka B cells.

Lymphocytes zisa zite?

Lymphocytes ni uturemangingo tunini gato ugereranyije n'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso . Ariko, ni duto cyane ku buryo tutabonwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Buri lymphocyte ifite nucleus nini hagati. Iyi nucleus ni umuhengeri wijimye. Ikintu gisa n'umuhengeri kiyikikije cyitwa cytoplasm , ni umuhengeri woroshye.

Ni umubare usanzwe wa lymphocytes ni uwuhe?

Umubare wa lymphocytes mu mubiri wacu ushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Biterwa n'ibintu nk'imyaka, ubwoko, igitsina, uburebure, n'imibereho yacu.

• Ku muntu mukuru, ubusanzwe haba hari litiro 1.000 na 4.800 z'amaraso kuri mikorolitero imwe.
• Ku bana bato, uyu mubare uri hejuru gato. Bashobora kuba bafite litiro 3.000 na 9.500 kuri mikorolitero imwe y'amaraso.

Ubusanzwe, uturemangingo tw’amaraso (lymphocytes) tugize hagati ya 20% na 40% by’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twose tw’umubiri wacu.

Bigenda bite iyo umubare wa lymphocytes uri hejuru?

Iyo umubare wa lymphocytes mu maraso uri hejuru kuruta uko bisanzwe, twita lymphocytosis . Ibi bikunze kubaho bitewe n'ubwandu cyangwa indwara. Hari igihe imibiri yacu ikora lymphocytes nyinshi kugira ngo zifashe mu kurwanya indwara.

Ariko, hari indwara zikomeye zishobora gutuma umubare wa limfu wiyongera. Zimwe muri izi ndwara zirimo:

• Hepatite
• Sifilo
• Mononucleosis
• Igituntu
• VIH na SIDA
• Hypothyroidism
• Indwara nka inkorora itera uburibwe , toxoplasmosis, cyangwa virusi ya cytomegalovirus
• Kanseri z'amaraso nka lymphoma cyangwa leukemia

Bigenda bite iyo umubare wa lymphocytes uri hasi?

Iyo umubare wa lymphocytes mu maraso uri hasi ugereranije n’ibisanzwe, tuwita lymphocytopenia cyangwa lymphopenia . Ibi bishobora guterwa n’ibicurane cyangwa ubundi bwandu buke. Ariko, indwara cyangwa indwara ikomeye cyane ishobora no gutuma umubare wa lymphocytes ugabanuka. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu:

• VIH cyangwa SIDA
• Igituntu cyangwa indwara ya Tifoyide
• Hepatite iterwa na virusi
• Indwara z'amaraso nka Hodgkin's disease
• Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nka lupus
• Indwara zidakunze kugaragara nk'iz'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buvanze cyane (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge syndrome, na Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara

Ni ibihe bipimo bipima niba urugero rw'imitsi yanjye rumeze neza?

Hari ibizamini byinshi by'amaraso bishobora kumenya umubare wa limfozeti mu maraso yawe. Iby'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:

• Umubare w’amaraso ya Lymphocyte Absolute: Iki ni kimwe mu bipimo bisanzwe by’ibarura ry’amaraso (CBC). Gipima umubare w’amaraso ya lymphocyte mu maraso yawe nk’umubare w’amaraso, ntabwo ari ijanisha.
• Isuzuma ry’amaraso mu maraso: Iki ni ikizamini gikorerwa muri laboratwari yihariye. Icyitegererezo cy’amaraso yawe gishongeshwa mu mazi kiganyuzwa mu gikoresho cya laser cyitwa flow cytometer. Itara rya laser rituma uturemangingo tw’amaraso yawe dutatana mu mashusho. Imbonerahamwe ituma ubwoko butandukanye bw’uturemangingo bugaragara neza kandi bukabarwa neza.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'indwara zifitanye isano na lymphocytes?

Kenshi na kenshi, nta bimenyetso byihariye bya lymphocytosis (ubwiyongere bwa lymphocytes) cyangwa lymphocytopenia (igabanuka rya lymphocytes). Ariko, iyo umubare wa lymphocytes wiyongereye bitewe n'indwara y'amaraso cyangwa kanseri, ibimenyetso bijyanye n'iyo ndwara bishobora kugaragara. Bimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso birimo:

• Utudomo tw'imitsi tubyimbye
• Kubira ibyuya nijoro
• Umuriro
• Ububabare bwo mu nda
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Guhumeka nabi

Amaherezo, ikintu cy'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka!

Lymphocytes ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi cyane bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera mu mubiri wacu. Ni zo ngingo nyamukuru z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu kandi ziturinda indwara. Ikizamini cyoroheje cy'amaraso gishobora kukwereka umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso ufite.

Bishobora gutera ubwoba gato kumenya niba lymphocytes zawe ziri hejuru cyangwa ziri hasi ugereranyije n'ibisanzwe. Ariko akenshi, impinduka mu mubare wa lymphocytes zawe zishobora gusobanura ko umubiri wawe uri kurwanya ubwandu. Rero ntugahangayike bitari ngombwa.

Niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa ikibazo kuri ibi, ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukubonana na muganga wawe tukaganira kuri byo. Muganga wawe azashobora kubona impamvu nyayo kandi akore ibishoboka byose kugira ngo wongere ugire ubuzima bwiza.