Umubiri wawe ukora ute uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso? Reka tuganire kuri (Erythropoiesis)!

Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo izi selile zitukura, cyangwa se selile zitukura , zikorwa mu mibiri yacu? Iki ni igikorwa gitangaje, kigoye kandi cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwacu. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku buryo izi selile zitukura zikorwa, mu buvuzi tubyita ( Erythropoiesis). Ibi ni nk'uruganda ruto mu mibiri yacu, ruhora rukora selile nshya zitukura.

Erythropoiesis ni iki? Kuki ari ingenzi kuri twe?

Mu magambo make, (Erythropoiesis) ni inzira umubiri wawe ukoresha mu gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso (mu buvuzi, natwe tuyita "Erythrocytes"). Iyi nzira niyo ituma imibiri yacu igira uturemangingo dutukura dukwiye - ntabwo ari duke cyane, ntabwo ari twinshi cyane. Tekereza ukuntu uturemangingo dutukura ari ingenzi ku mibiri yacu!

Ni:

• Iyo duhumeka, umwuka wa ogisijeni winjira mu bihaha ukajyanwa mu turemangingo twose tw’umubiri. Ni nk’abaposita bato mu mibiri yacu.
• Nanone, dioxyde de carbone ikorerwa mu ngingo z'umubiri wacu isubizwa mu bihaha, aho isohoka iyo dusohora umwuka.

Urabona rero ko tudashobora kubaho tudafite izi selile zitukura. Turi muzima kuko inzira yitwa erythropoiesis igenda neza.

Erythropoiesis mu by'ukuri ni kimwe mu bigize igikorwa kinini. Igikorwa cyose cyo gukora ubwoko butatu bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu mubiri wacu cyitwa " Hematopoiesis ".

• Uburyo bwo gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso bwitwa ``Erythropoiesis'' (ni bwo tuvuga ubu).
• Uburyo bwo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera bwitwa ``Leukopoiesis```.
• Ikorwa rya platelets (uturemangingo dufasha kubumba amaraso) ryitwa ``Trombopoiesis''.

Ibi (Erythropoiesis) bibera he?

Aho utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura dukorerwa harahinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Iyo umwana ari mu nda (Erithropoiesis y'umwana uri mu nda)

Erythropoiesis itangira mbere yuko tuvuka, ni ukuvuga tukiri mu nda ya ba nyina.

• Mu byumweru bitatu: Ibi bitangira bwa mbere mu buryo bwitwa " Yolk Sac" igaburira uruhinja.
• Nyuma y'amezi abiri cyangwa atatu: Nyuma y'ibyo, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso tuba tugaragara mu mwijima no mu nda y'umwana uri mu nda.
• Amezi agera kuri atanu: Iyi gahunda itangira mu igufwa ry'urusoro . Igufwa ry'urusoro ni igice cyoroshye kandi gifite umuyoboro mu magufwa yacu.

Abana n'abantu bakuru (Erythropoiesis)

Nyuma yo kuvuka, uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso ahanini tukorerwa muMu igufwa .

• Abana: Mu bwana, uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuboneka mu igufwa ry’amagufwa menshi mu mubiri.
• Abantu bakuru: Uko tugenda dukura, ibi bikora gusa ku magufwa amwe n'amwe. Urugero, ahantu nka perineum, vertebrae, imbavu, n'igufwa ry'ibere.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya erythropoiesis ya Medullary na Extramedullary?

Nubwo aya magambo yombi ashobora gusa n'aho agoye, yoroshye kuyasobanukirwa.

• `(Medullary)` bisobanura ikintu kijyanye n'umusokoro w'amagufwa. Rero, `(Medullary erythropoiesis)` bivuga ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso mu musokoro w'amagufwa. Iyi ni yo mimerere isanzwe.
• Extramedullary erythropoiesis yerekeza ku ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso hanze y'umusokoro w'amagufwa, nko mu mwijima no mu muhogo.

Mu gihe cyo kubyara, iyi (extramedullary erythropoiesis) ni ibisanzwe. Ariko iyo bibayeho ku muntu mukuru, akenshi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara cyangwa ikibazo mu musemburo w'amagufwa. Hanyuma abaganga bakabyigaho.

Ni ibihe byiciro byo kwirema kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura?

Uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso ntabwo dukora icyarimwe, ni urugendo runyura mu byiciro bitandukanye. Ni nk’aho ikirura gihinduka ikinyugunyugu.

Izi selile zose z'amaraso zihera ku selile imwe y'ibanze. Tuyita "Hematopoietic stem cell" (HSC) . Ibi bimeze nk'"selile nkuru." Iyi selile ya HSC ishobora kuba imwe muri izi selile zitukura, selile z'umweru, cyangwa se platelets.

Iyo hagiye gukorwa ingirabuzimafatizo itukura y'amaraso, iyi selile ya HSC ibanza kuba ingirabuzimafatizo yitwa ``Common myeloid progenitor'' (CMP) . Iyi selile ya CMP ishobora kandi guhinduka ingirabuzimafatizo itukura y'amaraso, platelets, cyangwa ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'ingirabuzimafatizo z'amaraso zera. Hanyuma, ingirabuzimafatizo ya CMP igiye guhinduka ingirabuzimafatizo itukura ihinduka ``Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell'' (MEP) .

Iyo imaze kuba MEP, iyo selile iba iri mu nzira yo guhinduka selile itukura. Hanyuma inyura mu bindi byiciro byinshi:

• `(Proerythroblast)` (Proerythroblast)
• `(Erythroblast)` (Erythroblast)
• `(Normoblast)` (Normoblast)
• `(Reticulocyte)` (Reticulocyte) - Iyi ni ingirabuzima fatizo y'amaraso itukura ikiri nto.
• Amaherezo, iba "Erythrocyte" ikuze neza, ni ukuvuga ingirabuzimafatizo z'amaraso zitukura nkuko tuzi.

Utu tunyangingo tw’amaraso dutukura twuzuye turekurwa mu maraso tuva mu musokoro w’amagufwa. Ni bwo dutangira umurimo watwo w’ingenzi - gutwara ogisijeni no gukuraho dioxyde de carbone.

Iyi gahunda imara igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe bifata icyumweru kimwe kugira ngo uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso twuzure.

Ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura z'amaraso zimara igihe kingana iki?

Akaremangingo kamwe gatukura k'amaraso kaba mu mubiri wacu iminsi igera kuri 120 .Ni ukuvuga. Hanyuma utwo turemangingo turapfa, hanyuma uturemangingo dushya tugashingwa mu mwanya watwo. Uru ni uruziga rubaho igihe cyose.

Ni iki kigenzura ibi (Erythropoiesis)?

Imibiri yacu igenzura iyi gahunda (Erythropoiesis) mu buryo butangaje cyane. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni urugero rwa ogisijeni mu mubiri wacu.

Tekereza, niba ingirabuzimafatizo zawe zitabona ogisijeni ihagije (iyi ndwara twita "Hypoxia"), umubiri wawe uzihutisha ikorwa ry'ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura mu buryo bwikora. Kuko iyo ingirabuzimafatizo zitukura ziyongereye, ingano ya ogisijeni ijya mu ngirabuzimafatizo nayo iriyongera.

Iyi gahunda (Erythropoiesis) iterwa imbaraga, ni ukuvuga, ikoreshwa, n'imisemburo yihariye. Yitwa `(Erythropoietin)` (EPO ).

Iki ni iki (Erythropoietin - EPO)?

Erythropoietin (EPO) ni imisemburo yongera ikorwa ry'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. Imisemburo ni nk'ibinyabutabire bihuza ibikorwa bitandukanye mu mubiri wacu. Inyinshi muri EPO umubiri wacu ukeneye zikorwa n'impyiko zacu.

Dore uko ibi bigenda:

1. Kubera ko umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso yawe uri hasi, ingingo z'umubiri wawe ntizibona ogisijeni ihagije.

2. Mu gusubiza ibi, impyiko zawe zisohora imisemburo ya EPO cyane.

3. Iyi hormone ya EPO itera imbaraga umwotsi w'amagufwa yawe kugira ngo ukore uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura twinshi.

4. Uko umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso wiyongera, ni ko ingano ya ``(Hemoglobin)`` (poroteyine itwara ogisijeni) nayo yiyongera. Iyo impyiko zumva ibi, zigabanya isohoka rya EPO.

5. Muri ubu buryo, umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura mu mubiri wacu uguma ku rwego runaka. Ibi tubyita "Homeostasis" (homeostasis).

Impyiko zacu zihora zisohora EPO nkeya kugira ngo utunyangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tudakora. Kubera ko hafi 1% by’utunyangingo dutukura tw’amaraso dupfa buri munsi, (Erythropoiesis) ni yo igabanya icyo kibazo.

Iyo urugero rw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ruhindutse bitewe n'indwara cyangwa impanuka, impyiko zizongera cyangwa zikagabanya umusaruro wa EPO uko bikwiye.

Bigenda bite iyo habayeho ikibazo cya erythropoiesis?

Niba hari ikibazo cyangwa inenge mu gikorwa cyo gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso, ushobora kugira uturemangingo dutukura duke cyangwa twinshi .

• Umubare muke w'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso: Ibi byitwa anemia . Ibi bivuze ko ingingo z'umubiri wawe zitabona ogisijeni ihagije. Ibi bishobora gutuma wumva ufite intege nke, unaniwe igihe cyose, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ukagira n'ubukonje . Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'anemia.
• Ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso: Ibi byitwa `(Erythrocytosis)` (erythrocytosis). Iyo ibi bibaye, hari igihe ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bito nko kuribwa umutwe no kunanirwa. Ariko, bitewe n'impamvu, hari igihe bishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye nko kubyimba kw'amaraso .

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amaraso mu mubiri (erythropoiesis)?

Hari indwara nyinshi n'ibindi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ikorwa n'igenzura ry'uturemangingo dutukura mu mubiri wacu.

Indwara ziterwa n'ibihaha

Ibi bishobora kugabanya ingano ya ogisijeni umubiri ubona, ibi bikaba byahindura umusaruro wa EPO.

• Asima
• Indwara y'ibihaha idakira (COPD)

Kanseri zigira ingaruka ku maraso cyangwa ku musemburo w'amagufwa

Ibi bishobora kubangamira mu buryo butaziguye inzira yo gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso.

• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Myeloma
• Indwara za myeloproliferative

Izindi mpamvu

• Kubura intungamubiri: Cyane cyane kubura icyuma, vitamine B12, na folate (aside folic) bishobora gutuma uturemangingo dutukura tudakora neza. Ibi ni byo byubaka bikenewe kugira ngo uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso tuve mu mubiri.
• Kuba mu misozi miremire: Mu misozi miremire, umwuka wa ogisijeni uba muke mu kirere. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo umubiri umenyere, ukora EPO nyinshi kandi wongere umusaruro w’uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso.

Imibiri yacu ikora uturemangingo dushya tw’amaraso dutukura mu buzima bwacu bwose. Iyo uturemangingo dushaje dupfuye, umubiri umenya izi mpinduka kandi wongera umusaruro wa EPO, bityo ukongera umusaruro wa uturemangingo dutukura. Kugira ngo dukomeze kubona umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni mu ngingo zacu, tugomba kugira umubare ukwiye w’uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Ku bw’amahirwe, umubiri ugenzura iyi gahunda mu buryo bwikora, nta mbaraga dushyizeho. Ariko, niba urwaye indwara ibangamira iyi gahunda (erythropoiesis), muganga wawe ashobora kuyivura cyangwa kuyigenzura.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

• Erythropoiesis ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi cyane gituma uturemangingo dutukura mu mubiri wacu dukora .
• Utu tunyangingo dutukura tw'amaraso ni two dutwara ogisijeni mu mibiri yacu kandi tugakuramo dioxyde de carbone.
• Iyi gahunda ibera cyane cyane mu musokoro wacu.
• Imisemburo yitwa Erythropoietin (EPO) , ikorwa cyane cyane n'impyiko, ifasha kugenzura iyi gahunda.
• Ibibazo kuri iyi gahunda bishobora gutera kubura amaraso (kugabanuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso) cyangwa erythrocyte (ubwiyongere bw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso).
• Erithropoiesis ikwiye ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu abeho neza. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya kuri ibi, menya neza ko wagisha inama kwa muganga .

Rero, ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza iyi nzira itangaje yitwa (Erythropoiesis). Hari ibintu byinshi biba mu mibiri yacu tutazi, si byo se?

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura , erythropoiesis, umwongo w'amagufwa, kubura amaraso, ogisijeni, erythropoietin, impyiko