Reka twige ku tunyangingo twa B mu buryo bworoshye? Uturinda umubiri wawe duto!

Ese wigeze wibaza niba hari intambara itagaragara ibera mu mibiri yacu igihe cyose? Yego, ni ukuri. Uturinda duto turi mu mibiri yacu turwanya mikorobe zitera indwara zituruka hanze. Itsinda ry'ingenzi cyane muri izo mirinzi ni utwo turemangingo twa B. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri utwo turemangingo twa B n'uburyo tuturinda indwara.

Uturemangingo twa B ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Uturemangingo twa B, nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera mu maraso yacu. Nanone tuyita `(B lymphocytes)`. Utu turemangingo twa B ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe, ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bukurinda indwara. Akazi kabo k'ingenzi ni ugukora poroteyine zidasanzwe zitwa `(antibodies)` zo kurwanya `(udukoko)` twangiza - ibintu nka virusi, bagiteri, n'udukoko - twinjira mu mubiri.

Uturemangingo B n'uturemangingo T ni ubwoko bubiri bw'uturemangingo turi mu bwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa lymphocytes. Utu turemangingo dufasha kurwanya abatera indwara n'uturemangingo tudasanzwe nk'uturemangingo twa kanseri. Uturemangingo T twangiza udukoko kandi tugahuza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri twohereza ibimenyetso mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Uturemangingo B, ku rundi ruhande, dukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu gusubiza antigens. Antigens ni nk'amakarita y'indangamuntu. Utu turemangingo dufasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu kumenya ibintu biri mu mubiri wacu, cyane cyane ibintu byangiza nka virusi na bagiteri.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo twa B?

Noneho, ubu urabona selile B. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa selile B. Ni selile za plasma n'iselile z'ubwibukire. Ubwo bwoko bwombi budufasha kwirinda indwara. Reka turebe uko byagenda.

Uturemangingo twa plasma

Izi selile za plasma nizo zirekura antibodies zisubiza antigens twavuze mbere. Tekereza nko kurasa umwanzi ubonye. Iyo selile B imaze guhinduka selile ya plasma, ishobora kurekura antibodies zigera ku 2.000 ku isegonda! Ibyo ntibitangaje? Izi selile za plasma nazo zitwa plasmacytes na effector cells. Ariko, igihe cyazo cyo kubaho ni gito ugereranyije n'igihe cy'imena cells.

Utunyangingo tw'ubwibukire

Izina rirabigaragaza, sibyo? Izi selile zibuka antigens runaka. Hanyuma, iyo antigen igarutse mu mubiri wacu mu gihe kizaza, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bushobora guhita, nk'aho buri mu kwitegura, gufata ingamba zo kwirwanaho. Nk'uko twakwihutira gusubiza umwanzi uzwi. Iyo selile zikora antibody zikarwanya abatera icyo gihe, selile zibuka zidufasha kurwana intambara z'ejo hazaza. Urugero, uku niko inkingo nyinshi tubona zikora. Icyo urukingo rukora ni ukwinjiza ubudahangarwa bwacu kuri antigen runaka. Hanyuma selile zibuka zirabibuka. Iyo iyo pathogen igarutse nyuma, umubiri wacu ushobora guhita uyigabaho igitero.

Kuki uturemangingo twa B ari ingenzi kuri twe?

Uturemangingo twa B ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubudahangarwa bwacu bwo kwirinda indwara. Noneho ushobora kwibaza icyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bushobora kwihuza n'izindi ndwara ari cyo. Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi by'ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Kimwe ni ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri busanzwe, ikindi ni ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri busanzwe. Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri busanzwe bumeze nk'umurongo wa mbere w'ubwirinzi, umurongo wa mbere w'ubwirinzi, busubiza ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose. Ariko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri busanzwe bufite umwihariko. Bumenya ikibazo runaka - ni ukuvuga ikintu nk'agakoko cyangwa bagiteri runaka - kandi bukakirwanya.

Rero, icyo uturemangingo twa B dukora ni ugukora uturemangingo twangiza iyo antigen cyangwa iyo antigen. Nanone, uturemangingo twa B dushobora kwibuka uturemangingo twihariye. Hanyuma, iyo iyo pathogen igarutse mu mubiri, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bushobora kuyirinda neza cyane. Mu magambo make, iyo uturemangingo twa B tudafite, umubiri wacu ntushobora kumenya abanzi runaka, gukora intwaro zihariye (antibodies) zo kubarwanya, no kwibuka abo banzi no kugira icyo bakora vuba baramutse bagarutse.

Ni gute uturemangingo twa B dukora mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri?

Nubwo ari inzira igoye cyane, reka tugerageze kubyumva mu buryo bworoshye. Uturemangingo twa B, hamwe n'utundi turemangingo turi mu budahangarwa bw'umubiri, turwanya abadutera indwara, ndetse n'uturemangingo tudasanzwe nk'uturemangingo twa kanseri. Iyo uturemangingo twa B 'tumaze gukora', tuba tugize plasma, dukora uturemangingo dusubiza antigen, cyangwa tukaba tugize memorial cell, twibuka iyo antigen. Muri ubwo buryo, niba igarutse mu gihe kizaza, ishobora kuyimenya no kuyirwanya vuba.

Ubusanzwe, iyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukeneye uturemangingo twa B kugira ngo turwanye n'umwanzi, izi ni zimwe mu ntambwe zibaho:

• Ubwa mbere, ingirabuzimafatizo yihariye yitwa selile itanga antijeni (APC) ifata kuri antijeni y’umwanzi ikayicamo ibice bito. Hanyuma APC ifata ibice bya antijeni kuri molekile yitwa Major Histocompatibility-II complex (MHC-II).
• Hanyuma, uturemangingo twa T (natwo ni ubwoko bwa T cell) twinjira tugafatana kuri iyo MHC-II complex. Uku gufatana ni ko gutuma uturemangingo twa T dufasha dukora. Utwo turemangingo twa T dufasha ni ingenzi cyane kuko ari two dutanga ubutumwa ku turemangingo twa B kugira ngo 'tujye gukora'.
• Selile ya T ikora ifatana n'iselile ya B. Iyo selile ya B itangira gukora kopi zayo, cyangwa "clones." Zimwe muri izi selile za B zihinduka selile za plasma, zishobora gukora antibody. Izindi selile za B zihinduka selile z'urwibutso kandi zibikwa mu mubiri.
• Mu minsi mike iri imbere, uturemangingo twa plasma dukora za antibodies miliyoni. Buri antibodies imwe muri izi ikorwa kugira ngo isenye gusa pathogen yihariye yateye iyo antigen. Ibi bivuze ko antibody imwe ishobora kwibasira ubwoko bumwe bw'umwanzi.
• Izi antibodies zifata kuri antigen cyangwa igice cy’indwara ifite ikimenyetso cya antigen. Iyo zimaze gufata, iyo ndwara ntishobora kongera kwangiza umubiri.

Tekereza nk'igikorwa cya polisi. Ubwa mbere, hagaragara ikimenyetso (kumenya antigen na APC). Hanyuma itsinda ryihariye (uturemangingo twa T) ritangira gukora, rimenyesha irindi tsinda (uturemangingo twa B). Igice cy'iryo tsinda gihita kijya mu ntambara (uturemangingo twa plasma), mu gihe ikindi gice gitegura ibyago by'ejo hazaza (uturemangingo twa memory).

Uturemangingo twa B duherereye he?

Aho uturemangingo twa B duherereye biratandukanye bitewe n'urwego rw'imikurire yatwo. Tekereza nawe, iyo uri uruhinja, ni ukuvuga mu nda ya nyoko, uturemangingo twa B dukorerwa mu mwijima. Ariko nyuma yo kuvuka, uturemangingo twa B dukurira mu mubiri woroshye kandi umeze nk'ikinyabutabire mu magufwa yacu. Ibyo ni byo twita umwongo w'amagufwa. Dutangira ari uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Hanyuma, binyuze mu nzira yitwa hematopoiesis, tuba uturemangingo twa B. Iyo tumaze gukura neza, uturemangingo twa B tujya mu bice by'ingenzi by'urusobe rw'amaraso. Urugero, uturemangingo n'uturemangingo twa lymph.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugaragara zishobora kugaragara zijyanye n'uturemangingo twa B?

Iyo habayeho ikintu kidasanzwe ku turemangingo twacu twa B, gishobora gutera indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri ndetse n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri. Reka tubirebe.

Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri

Hari igihe ibi bibaho. Uturemangingo twacu twa B dukora uturemangingo tw’umubiri dusubiza antigens ku turemangingo twacu tuzima. Hanyuma, utwo turemangingo tw’umubiri twibasira uturemangingo twacu tuzima nk’aho turimo kwibasira indwara itera indwara. Ni nko kwibasira umuryango wacu. Ibyo ni byo twita indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri. Dore ingero nke:

• Lupus
• Sclerosis nyinshi
• Indwara ya rubagimpande
• Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1

Kanseri

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bwa kanseri bufitanye isano no gukura kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo twa B. Ibi bivuze ko uturemangingo twa B dutangira kugwira mu buryo butunguranye. Bumwe muri bwo ni:

• Leukemia ikabije ya lymphocytic
• Leukemia y'uruhererekane rw'amaraso mu maraso idakira
• Lymphoma ya Hodgkin
• Lymphoma itari iya Hodgkin
• Lymphoma y'uturemangingo twa B (lymphoma y'uturemangingo twa B)`
• Myeloma nyinshi
• Makroglobulinemia ya Waldenström

Ni uruhe rugero rusanzwe rw'uturemangingo twa B?

Umuntu mukuru asanzwe afite litiro 1.000 na 4.800 kuri mikorolitero imwe y'amaraso. Uturemangingo twa B tugize hagati ya 10% na 20% by'uturemangingo twose tw'amaraso.

Ariko ibuka ko niba umubare w'uturemangingo twa B uhora uri hejuru cyane cyangwa uri hasi cyane, bishobora gusobanura ko ufite ikibazo cy'uburwayi. Muganga azakenera gukora ibizamini kugira ngo abimenye neza.

Ni ibihe bizamini bisanzwe bikoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bw'uturemangingo twanjye twa B?

Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya umubare wa lymphocytes ufite mu mubiri wawe akoresheje ikizamini cyoroshye cyitwa Complete Blood Count (CBC). Ariko, ntabwo gitanga amakuru yerekeye ubwoko bwihariye bwa lymphocytes, nka B cells na T cells.

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko ufite indwara ifitanye isano n’ikibazo mu turemangingo twa B, ashobora gutegeka ibindi bipimo bitanga amakuru yerekeye ubwoko bwihariye bwa lymphocytes, nko kuba lymphocyte igaragara (T na B cell count), cyangwa B-cell leukemia/lymphoma panel.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo tugumane uturemangingo twa B dufite ubuzima bwiza?

Nta buryo busanzwe bwemewe cyane bwo 'kongera' uturemangingo twa B. Ariko, hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo uturemangingo twawe tw’umubiri tugumane ubuzima bwiza kandi urinde uturemangingo twa B usanzwe ufite. Ibyinshi muri ibi bintu bishobora gusa n'ibisanzwe, ariko mu by'ukuri birinda uturemangingo twa B tw'umubiri wawe, hamwe n'ubundi bushobozi bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo twa B, kwangirika. Nk'uko imodoka zacu zimara igihe kirekire iyo zifashwe neza.

Ushobora gukora ibi kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bukomeze kubaho neza:

• Shaka inkingo zose zatanzwe.
• Kurya indyo nziza kandi yuzuye.
• Genda neza imihangayiko yawe.
• Irinde kunywa inzoga, cyangwa uzikoreshe mu rugero.
• Irinde kunywa itabi (itabi, kunywa vape). Niba ubikoze, rekera aho.
• Kuryama nibura amasaha arindwi kugeza ku munani buri joro.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri iringaniye nibura iminota 150 buri cyumweru.
• Karaba intoki zawe buri gihe n'isabune cyangwa ukoreshe umuti wica udukoko mu ntoki.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y’uturemangingo twa T n’uturemangingo twa B?

Selikali T, selikali B, na selikali B byombi bidukingira indwara zitera indwara. Ariko bikora imirimo itandukanye mu bwirinzi bw'umubiri. Selikali T zohereza ibimenyetso bigenzura uburyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukora (izi zitwa selikali T zifasha) cyangwa zigasenya mu buryo butaziguye udukoko cyangwa se uturemangingo twanduye (izi zitwa selikali T zihumanya).

Ariko uturemangingo twa B dukora poroteyine zitwa antibodies mu gusubiza antigens, ari byo bimenyetso bibwira umubiri ko utwonnyi twinjiye mu mubiri. Icy'ingenzi ni uko utwonnyi tudahagarikwa mu buryo butaziguye n'uturemangingo twa B, ahubwo tugahagarikwa n'uturemangingo utwonnyi twa B dukora.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Rero, iyo tudafite uturemangingo twa B, umubiri wacu ntushobora gukora uturemangingo. Utwo turemezo ni poroteyine z'ingenzi cyane zifasha mu kurwanya udukoko twangiza. Hamwe n'izindi lymphocytes n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, uturemangingo twa B ni two tukurinda indwara kandi tukakurinda uturemangingo tudasanzwe.

Rero, fata neza uturemangingo twa B. Kora ibintu buri munsi bifasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kugira ubuzima bwiza. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, rya neza, ryama neza, kora imyitozo ngororamubiri, gabanya stress, kandi ufate inshinge ku gihe. Ibi bintu byoroheje bizaha utwo turinzi duto mu mubiri wawe imbaraga nyinshi.

Seli B , lymphocytes B, antibodies, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, lymphocytes, pathogens, seli za plasma, seli zo kwibuka