Intwari ntoya y'ubwonko igenzura amarangamutima yawe: Byose ku byerekeye Amygdala!

Muraho! Mumeze mute? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku gice cy'ingenzi cyane kandi gito cy'ubwonko bwacu. Cyitwa amygdala . Gifite ishusho nk'iy'imbuto za cashew cyangwa almond. Nubwo ari nto, gikora akazi kenshi. Reka turebe icyo iyi amygdala ari cyo, icyo idukorera, n'icyo tugomba gukora kugira ngo ikomeze kuba myiza?

Amygdala ni iki?

Mu magambo make, amygdala yawe ni akantu gato kari mu bwonko bwawe, gafite ishusho nk'iy'umuhondo. Ni igice cy'urusobe runini mu bwonko rwitwa limbic system . Amygdala na limbic system ni ingenzi cyane ku kubaho kwawe, kugira ngo ubeho. Tekereza muri ubu buryo, ibi ni ibice by'ubwonko bwawe bihita bimenya akaga . Bigira uruhare mu bintu nk'imyitwarire yacu, uburyo amarangamutima yacu ayobora, no kwiga.

Bigenda bite kuri amygdala?

Iyo tuvuze kuri amygdala, amarangamutima nyamukuru aza mu mutwe ni ubwoba . Ayo ni yo marangamutima nyamukuru amygdala igenzura. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane mu kurinda ubuzima bwawe. Itunganya ibyo ubona n'ibyo wumva, kandi ikoresha ayo makuru kugira ngo imenye icyateza akaga. Niba wongeye guhura n'ikintu nk'icyo nyuma, amygdala ni yo ituma wumva ufite ubwoba cyangwa ukagira icyo kimyo.

Tekereza, uri kugenda mu muhanda maze mu buryo butunguranye imbwa irataka cyane. Urasimbuka ukagira ubwoba, si byo se? Ni bwo amygdala yawe itangiye gutera imbere. Ikubwira iti: "Akaga! Witondere!"

Ni iki kindi ukora uretse gutinya?

Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko amygdala idakora gusa mu bintu nk'ubwoba n'imihangayiko. Ifite kandi isano ikomeye n'ibi bikurikira:

• Ubukana: Ibi bifitanye isano n'amarangamutima nk'uburakari n'umujinya.
• Kwiga binyuze mu bihembo n'ibihano: Ibintu nk'ibyishimo byo gukora ikintu neza no kwicuza gukora ikintu kibi bidufasha kwiga.
• Gukoresha kwibuka mu buryo butaziguye: Hari ibintu dushobora gukora tutibuka uko twabyize, sibyo? Nk'iyo gutwara igare cyangwa guhambira imigozi y'inkweto zacu. Ibi binafasha kugenzura ibyo kwibuka.
• Itumanaho n'abandi no gusobanukirwa: Uburyo umuntu avuga n'uko yitwara bidufasha gusobanukirwa icyo ashaka kuvuga.
• Amarangamutima ajyanye no kwita ku bana: Amarangamutima nk'urukundo n'ubwitonzi umubyeyi cyangwa se agirira umwana.
• Amarangamutima ajyanye n'ibyibuka: Iyo wumvise impumuro cyangwa indirimbo runaka, amarangamutima atandukanye aza n'ibyibuka bya kera, sibyo? Iyi nayo ifitanye isano na byo.
• Imyitwarire yize ijyanye no kuba umuntu ukunda ibiyobyabwenge: Ibi bishobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya bimwe mu biyobyabwenge.

Amygdala iherereye he?

Amygdala yawe iherereye mu gice cy'ubwonko . Ni imiterere ifatanye, bivuze ko ufite imwe ku mpande zombi z'ubwonko bwawe. Impuguke zivuga ko byombi ari ikintu kimwe. Amygdala yawe iherereye hafi y'imiterere myinshi yakira amakuru aturutse ku byumviro byawe, cyane cyane impumuro yawe . Niyo mpamvu impumuro zimwe na zimwe zifitanye isano rikomeye n'amarangamutima yacu n'ibyo twibuka. Amygdala inafitanye isano n'ibice by'ubwonko bigira uruhare mu kureba no kumva.

Tekereza gato, niba ushyize urutoki rwawe ku ruhande rw'itama ryawe, hejuru gato y'umusaya, ukarwerekeza ku mutwe wawe ku rundi rusaya, uba werekeje urutoki rwawe aho amygdala yawe iri cyangwa hafi cyane y'aho.

Amygdala isa ite?

Izina rya amygdala rikomoka ku miterere yaryo. Ijambo "amygdala" rikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigiriki risobanura "almond." Igice kinini cy'imitsi y'ubwonko iba ifite ibara ry'umutuku-beige iyo amaraso atembera (isa n'imvi nta maraso afite). Amygdala iba yijimye gato ugereranyije n'imitsi y'ubwonko ikikije.

Amygdala ni nto, ariko ingano yayo ishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'ingano rusange y'ubwonko n'ibindi bintu. Ugereranyije, amygdala ingana n'ingano y'ubunyobwa butose .

Amygdala ikorwa n'iki?

Umubiri w'ubwonko bwawe, harimo na amygdala, ugizwe ahanini na:

• Uturemangingo: Utu ni uturemangingo twohereza kandi tukakira ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire mu bwonko bwawe no mu bwonko bwawe. Tekereza ko ari intumwa nto.
• Uturemangingo twa Glial: Utu ni ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo. Tumeze nk'abakozi bafasha kandi bakita ku turemangingo tw'ubwonko. Utu turemangingo dukora akazi ko kubungabunga uturemangingo tw'ubwonko kandi tugatanga ubufasha bw'ingenzi.

Uturemangingo tw’imitsi duhurira hamwe kugira ngo tugire imitsi. Iyo mitsi ihurira hamwe kugira ngo igire ibintu byitwa nuclei. Amygdala yawe ifite nuclei 13, cyangwa ibice by’ingenzi, nk’ibi.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugira ingaruka ku ndwara ya amygdala?

Indwara nyinshi zishobora kwibasira amygdala ni izo mu mutwe cyangwa izo mu bwonko. Mu by’ukuri, nyinshi muri zo zigwa mu byiciro byombi, kuko impinduka mu mikorere y’ubwonko zigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buzima bwacu bwo mu mutwe.

Ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe

Ibi bishobora kuba bikubiyemo (ariko ntibigarukira gusa kuri):

• Indwara zo guhangayika
• Indwara y'ibisasu ihoraho
• Indwara ya Klüver-Bucy
• Indwara z'amarangamutima
• Indwara y'ubwoba
• Indwara yo guhangayika nyuma y'ihungabana (PTSD)
• Ubwoba budasanzwe (Phobias)
• Indwara z'imico

Indwara ziterwa n'ubwonko

Indwara z'ubwonko zishobora kwibasira amygdala zirimo (ariko ntizigarukira kuri):

• Indwara ya Alzheimer
• Indwara ya Autism spectrum
• Kanseri y'ubwonko
• Igicuri (cyane cyane igicuri cyo mu gace k'inyuma)
• Igisebe cy'imitsi

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku ndwara ya amygdala?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara zifata amygdala bishobora gutandukana cyane, bitewe n'ikibazo cyabyo. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo impinduka mu marangamutima , cyangwa impinduka mu mikorere y'umubiri iterwa n'ayo marangamutima. Ingero zimwe z'impinduka muri izi nzira zirimo:

• Kongera imikorere y'ubwonko butera impumuro mbi: Ibi ni byo dukunze kwita "gurwana cyangwa guhunga" . Ni uburyo imibiri yacu yitegura kurwana cyangwa guhunga mu gihe habayeho ikibazo.
• Ugutera kw'umutima n'umuvuduko w'umutima byiyongera.
• Kubira ibyuya.
• Ukwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo guhumeka (mu buvuzi bizwi nka tachypnea).

Hari n'ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba byiyongera kuri ibi. Niba uzi ko ufite indwara ifata amygdala, ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bibazo ufite cyangwa uko wiyumva. Bashobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso ugomba kwitondera n'icyo wakora kuri byo.

Niba utazi niba ufite indwara ifata amygdala, ariko ukaba ubona ko ishobora kugufasha, ugomba kujya kwa muganga. Bashobora gukora ibizamini no kumenya niba hari ikibazo. Bashobora kandi kugufasha kumenya uburyo bwo kuvura n'uburyo bwo kwifata.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gupima amygdala?

Hari ibizamini bitandukanye byo gusuzuma no gusuzuma indwara bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibibazo bya amygdala. Ingero zimwe na zimwe zirimo:

• Isuzuma rya MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
• Isuzuma rya Positron emission tomography (PET).
• Electroencephalogram (EEG).
• Isuzuma rya Magnetoencephalogram (MEG).

Ibindi bizamini bishobora gukorwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe cyangwa icyo muganga wawe akeka. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira ibizamini ushobora gukora, ibizamini agusaba, n'impamvu.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura amygdala?

Mu by’ukuri, nta buryo bwo kuvura bujyanye n’indwara ya amygdala ubwayo. Ahubwo, uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije ibimenyetso cyangwa indwara zijyanye nayo.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora gutandukana cyane, harimo:

• Ubuvuzi bw'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe `(Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze)`.
• Imiti.
• Kubaga ubwonko.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bufasha mu ndwara imwe bushobora kudafasha mu yindi (ndetse bushobora no gutuma zimwe muri zo zirushaho kuba mbi). Kubwibyo, muganga wawe ni we soko nziza y'amakuru yerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye.

Ni gute nakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza mu mitsi yanjye ya amygdala?

Hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wite ku bwonko bwawe neza, harimo na amygdala. Ibi birimo:

• Komeza kugira ibiro bizima bikubereye. Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kwirinda (cyangwa byibura gutinza cyangwa kugabanya ubukana bw'indwara) nka stroke. Ushobora gusaba muganga wawe inama z'uko wabikora.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye. Kubura vitamine n'imyunyu ngugu bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi zikomeye ku bwonko bwawe. Kurya indyo yuzuye bishobora gufasha kwirinda ibi bibazo.
• Irinde imvune. Kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda impanuka nk'ingofero n'imikandara bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda imvune ku mutwe no ku bwonko.
• Gucunga indwara zidakira. Niba urimo kuvurwa indwara idakira, kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga wawe. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane ku ndwara z'igicuri. Binareba indwara zongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko, nko kurwara umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension), diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 (diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2), cyangwa cholesterol nyinshi (hyperlipidemie).

Amygdala Hijack ni iki?

Bumwe mu bushobozi bwihariye bwa amygdala yawe ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurenga intambwe zo gutunganya ibyumviro byawe no gukora vuba. Urugero, niba wumvise ijwi risanzwe riteye ubwoba, mbere yuko ubwonko bwawe bubona umwanya wo kumenya icyo ari cyo, amygdala yawe ihita yohereza ibimenyetso byihutirwa kugira ngo igutere kugira icyo ukora. Niyo mpamvu dutangara iyo twumvise urusaku rwinshi (ibi byitwa "acoustic startle reflex").

Iyi ngaruka ishobora kuba mbi kurushaho: byitwa "amygdala hijack" cyangwa "emotional hijack." Nk'uko bigaragara muri filime aho umupolisi afata imodoka y'umuntu ku ngufu mu gihe cy'impanuka, hijack amygdala ni igihe amygdala yawe ifata umubiri wawe kugira ngo ikurokore impanuka.

Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane mu bihe by'akaga. Bigufasha kurinda indwara yo "kurwana cyangwa guhunga". Ariko, bishobora no gutera indwara yo mu mutwe yitwa PTSD, cyane cyane iyo wibeshye ko ibiri kuba hirya no hino ari bibi.

Wamenya ute ko amygdala yawe yangiritse?

Iyo amygdala yangiritse, bibangamira ubushobozi bwawe bwo kumva ubwoba no kubwigiraho . Nubwo ibyo bishobora kumvikana nk'ikintu cyiza, ubwoba ni ingenzi cyane. Ni bwo buryo twiga kumenya akaga no kwikingira.

Niba ukeka ko ufite ikibazo cya amygdala cyangwa amygdala, ugomba kujya kwa muganga. Bashobora kumenya niba hari ikibazo, bagakoresha ibizamini kugira ngo barebe niba amygdala yawe yangiritse, cyangwa bakakohereza ku muganga w’inzobere ushobora kugufasha kurushaho.

Ni gute wakwituza amygdala?

Kimwe n'imikorere myinshi mu bwonko bwawe, amygdala si ikintu ushobora kugenzura mu buryo butaziguye. Turayikeneye kubera impamvu nyinshi, si ubwoba gusa. Ariko niba itera ubwoba cyangwa guhangayika cyane, cyangwa niba uhora ugira ibyo byiyumvo, ishobora kubangamira ubuzima bwawe.

Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo urwanye ingaruka z'imihangayiko, ubwoba, n'ibitero by'ubwoba:

• Ntukirengagize ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Niba uhora uhura n'ubwoba, imihangayiko, cyangwa ihungabana rikomeye, gana muganga. Akazi kabo ni ukugufasha, ntabwo ari ukugucira urubanza. Bashobora kuguha ubufasha n'ubuyobozi kugira ngo bagufashe guhangana n'ibibazo by'amarangamutima n'iby'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe by'igihe gito n'igihe kirekire.
• Menya uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibitero by'ubwoba. Niba ufite ikibazo cy'ubwoba, hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora kugira ngo wongere ugenzure ubwenge bwawe. Imyitozo ngororamubiri yo guhumeka n'uburyo bwo guhagarara bishobora kugufasha cyane.
• Shaka uburyo bwo gucunga imihangayiko n'ubwoba. Abantu bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo guhangana n'imihangayiko n'ubwoba, harimo ubuvuzi bw'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ibyo bakunda gukora, gutekereza cyane, n'imyitozo ngororamubiri. Shaka ikikubereye kandi ukikoreshe igihe cyose ubikeneye. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kubona ikintu kikubereye, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha inama cyangwa ubuyobozi.

Amaherezo, ikintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi! (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Amygdala yawe ni kimwe mu bice bya mbere by'ubwonko bwawe bihangana n'akaga. Bityo, ni igice cy'ingenzi cyo kubaho no kwirinda ibyakubabaza. Ifasha kandi mu kugira amarangamutima meza, kwiga, kwibuka, n'ibindi byinshi. Gusobanukirwa uburyo amygdala yawe ikora bishobora kugufasha kumenya niba hari ikibazo mu bwonko bwawe cyangwa ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Hanyuma, ushobora kubaho ubuzima bwawe udahangayikishijwe n'ubwoba bukwigarurira ubuzima kandi bukakubuza gukora ibintu ukunda.

Niba ufite ibindi bibazo kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kuvugana na muganga. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Amygdala , ubwonko, amarangamutima, ubwoba, ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, imikorere y'ubwonko