Amabanga ari mu maso! Ni iki ubona mu by'ukuri ukoresheje (Retinal Imaging)?

Ese wigeze wibaza ibirimo kuba mu maso yawe? Hari igihe iyo ugiye kwisuzumisha amaso, muganga akubwira ati: "Tugomba gufotora imbere mu jisho ryawe." Ni cyo bita "Ishusho ya Retinal." Mu magambo make, ifotora imbere mu jisho ryawe, cyane cyane retina iri inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Iki ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi cyane.

None se iyi `(Ishusho ya Retinal)` ni iki?

Reka tuvuge birambuye. Muganga wawe w'amaso ashobora gukoresha ubu buryo bwitwa ' 'Retinal Imaging'' kugira ngo afate amafoto yo mu bwoko bwa digitale, cyangwa amafoto, y'ibice byoroshye biri mu jisho ryawe, inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Iki gice niho retina (izwi kandi nka macula) n'umutsi wawe w'amaso biherereye, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane.

Ubusanzwe, dukora iki kizamini iyo dukoze isuzuma ry’amaso ryuzuye, cyangwa kugira ngo turebe niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe z’amaso n’uko zigenzurwa. Tekereza, muri aya mashusho, dushobora kubona niba ufite indwara zimwe na zimwe z’amaso, kandi niba zitavuwe, ushobora guta icyerekezo cyawe . Nanone, niba urimo gufata ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, bushobora kubona uburyo bugenda neza. Mu gufata aya mashusho mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, muganga ashobora kumenya vuba ndetse n’impinduka nto mu jisho. Muganga azakubwira ubwoko bw’ikizamini cya "Retinal Imaging" ukeneye n’inshuro kigomba gukorwa.

Ni iki gishobora kuboneka muri iki kizamini?

Iki ni ikizamini cyo gusuzuma indwara gishobora kumenya ibintu byinshi. Reba uru rutonde:

• Kubyimba kw'amagufwa mu maso bifitanye isano na diyabete .
• Kwangirika kwa retina guterwa na diyabete byitwa diyabete retinopathy .
• Kanseri y'amaso .
• Indwara ya Glaucoma .
• Kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'uruhinja (kwangirika kw'amagufwa y'uruhinja bitewe n'imyaka).
• Umwobo uri muri macula `(Umwobo wa macular)` .
• Gukurura cyangwa guhindagura kwa macula `(Macular pucker)` .
• Kubyimba kwa 'posterior uvea', igice kiri imbere mu jisho, byitwa 'posterior uveitis' .
• Gucika kw'inyuma y'ijisho .
• Kuziba imitsi yo mu jisho .

Tekereza, niba aya mashusho agaragaza ikintu nk'iki, muganga wawe azagusaba uburyo bwo kuvura bukwiye. Hari igihe ugomba gufata amafoto buri gihe mu bihe runaka (serial imaging) . Ibi ni ukureba uko umeze n'uburyo ubuvuzi bwagenze neza.

Iki kizamini cyo gupima imiterere y'amaso gikorwa gite?

Hari uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi bwo gufata amashusho y'inyuma y'ijisho hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, `fundus` (nk'uko twabivuze mbere, `fundus` ni inyuma y'ijisho). Abaganga b'amaso bakoresha ubu buryo.

1. Ubona ute amafoto y'amabara ya fundus?

Ibi bikubiyemo gufata amafoto y'imbere mu jisho ryawe ukoresheje ibikoresho byitwa fundus cameras. Abaganga bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bakoresha ubu buryo. Iyo kamera ifata amafoto, ubona urumuri rwinshi . Ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rishya, ushobora kubona amafoto asobanutse neza kandi afite ubushobozi bwo hejuru. Hari kamera zishobora gufata igice kinini cya fundus yawe, cyangwa kureba ahantu hagari . Ibi bituma abaganga babona igice kinini cya retina yawe icyarimwe. Kimwe mu byiza by'ubu buryo ni uko bushobora kubona neza imitsi y'amaraso yawe. Ibi bishobora gufasha cyane mu gutahura ibintu nka retinopathy iterwa na diyabete, ishobora kwangiza retina.

2. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) ni iki?

Iki kandi ni ikizamini gikunze gukorwa. Gifata isura y’ibice bya retina yawe, cyane cyane imitsi ya macula n’iya optique. Ibi bigufasha kubona buri gice cya retina ukwacyo no gupima ubunini bwacyo. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara nko kubyimba kwa macular bifitanye isano na diyabete no kwangirika kwa macular.

Uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose wakoresha muri iki kizamini, icyo ugomba gukora ni ukwicara neza mu ntebe hanyuma ugashyira isura yawe hafi ya kamera. Muganga cyangwa undi muntu azakwereka aho ushyira agahanga n'akananwa. Icy'ingenzi ni uko nta kintu na kimwe kinjira mu jisho ryawe muri iki kizamini.

Hari igihe abaganga bashobora gukoresha bumwe cyangwa bwinshi muri ubu buryo bwavuzwe haruguru icyarimwe. Cyangwa, bashobora no gukora ikindi kizamini cyihariye cyitwa `fluorescein angiography` hamwe n'ubu buryo. Muri ubu buryo, irangi rito riterwa mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe. Iri bara rijyana amaraso yawe mu mitsi iri mu maso yawe. Ibi bishobora kwerekana neza niba hari ibiziba cyangwa ibindi bibazo biri muri iyo mitsi. Ubu buryo kandi ni ubworoheje butagira ingaruka mbi ku maso yawe.

Ni iki kibaho mbere y'ikizamini?

Ubwa mbere, muganga azagusobanurira ibijyanye n'iki kizamini n'impamvu kirimo gukorwa kuri wewe. Ashobora kandi kugusaba uburenganzira bwo kugufasha no kubona umukono wawe.

Abaganga bakunze gushyira ibitonyanga mu maso yawe kugira ngo bakure amaso yawe.Impamvu ni uko kamera ifata amafoto imbere mu jisho, nk'idirishya ryitwa iris y'umukara, kandi iyo rimaze kwaguka, ushobora gufata amafoto asobanutse neza. Iyo ufashe uyu muti, ugomba kugira umuntu ukujyana mu rugo. Kubera ko amaso yawe azaba adasobanutse neza kandi akumva inyuma, ntuzashobora gutwara imodoka amasaha make.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

Mu by’ukuri, ibizamini byombi bya `(Retinal imaging)`, ari byo `fundus photography` na `OCT`, ni byihuse kandi nta bubabare . Dore uko bigenda:

• Uzicara ku ntebe imbere y'imashini ifata amashusho. Muganga cyangwa umufasha azagufasha kumva umerewe neza.
• Ugomba gushyira agasaya kawe ahantu habigenewe, kandi ugashushanya isura yawe ku buryo agahanga kawe gakandagirwa buhoro buhoro n'agasate gato.
• Muganga ahindura kamera neza maze atangira gufata amafoto. Afata amafoto y'ijisho rimwe rimwe.
• Ushobora gusabwa kureba itara ry'icyatsi kibisi . Itara rirabagirana gato, bityo ushobora kumva umerewe nabi gato, ariko mu gihe gito gusa.
• Urangije gufata amafoto, uzasabwa kuva kuri kamera.

Ubusanzwe, iki kizamini cya `(Ishusho y'impyiko)` kimara iminota 5 kugeza ku 10. Ariko, niba muganga akoze ikizamini cya `fluorescein angiography`, gishobora gufata iminota 30.

Umeze ute nyuma yo gupimwa?

Niba muganga yaguteye umuti mu maso akagutera ijisho ry'umukara, amaso yawe azaba adasobanutse kandi yoroshye mu gihe cy'amasaha make. Rero, ruhuka amaso yawe. Ntugatware imodoka, ntugasome, cyangwa ngo urebe kuri telefoni yawe cyangwa mudasobwa. Ni byiza ko amaso yawe yambara indorerwamo z'izuba iyo ugiye hanze.

Ese hari ingaruka mbi muri ibi?

Gufata amashusho ya retinal, ari byo gufotora fundus na OCT , ni byiza cyane kandi nta ngaruka zizwi bifite . Icyo muganga akora ni ugufata amafoto y'imbere mu jisho ryawe akoresheje kamera.

Ariko, angiografiya ya fluorescein nayo ni ikizamini gito, ariko gishobora gutera ingaruka zimwe na zimwe. Urugero, uruhu rwawe rushobora guhinduka umuhondo gato, cyangwa inkari zawe zigahinduka umuhondo wijimye cyangwa umuhondo w'umuhondo . Ariko, ibi bizashira mu masaha 24.

Ni gake cyane, habaho ubwivumbure ( urugero: uduheri ku ruhu, kuribwa) kuri fluorescein y'irangi. Ingaruka zo kugira anaphylaxis (ubwivumbure bukomeye cyane) ni nke cyane. Abantu bakunze kwandura fluorescein bashobora kugira ibi bikurikira:

• Kuzungera
• Umunwa wumye
• Umutima utera cyane
• Uburyohe bw'icyuma mu kanwa kabo (ibi bimara igihe gito gusa)
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka
• Kwitsamura

Igikuru ni ukubibwira muganga wawe vuba niba wumva ikintu kidasanzwe.

Ni ibihe bisubizo nzabona?

Iki kizamini gitanga amashusho ya digitale retina. Muganga azasuzuma amashusho neza cyane. Ashobora kukwereka amashusho akanasobanura icyo asobanura. Aya mashusho azabikwa nk'igice cy'inyandiko yawe y'ubuvuzi. Nyuma muganga ashobora kuyareba nyuma akayagereranya n'amashusho mashya kugira ngo arebe uko amaso yawe yahindutse.

Ni ryari nkwiye kuvugana na muganga?

Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose mbere yuko uza muri iki kizamini, cyangwa niba wifuza ibisobanuro birambuye ku bisubizo by'ibizamini, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe . Azakwishimira gusubiza ibibazo byawe kandi agufashe kumva wisanzuye ku bijyanye n'icyo gikorwa cyose.

Ibintu tugomba kwibuka muri ibi (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Mu magambo make, `(Ishusho y'ijisho)` ni ikizamini cy'agaciro gakomeye gishobora kureba ibice byoroshye imbere n'inyuma y'ijisho ryawe. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gusuzuma hakiri kare no kugenzura indwara nyinshi zishobora gutuma utabona neza niba zitavuwe. Nta cyo ugomba gutinya kuko nta kintu na kimwe gishyirwa mu jisho, kandi ikizamini cyose ni cyihuse kandi nta bubabare. Vugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku kamaro k'iki kizamini `(Ishusho y'ijisho)` ku ndwara yawe. Hanyuma uzasobanukirwa neza ibi.

Retina , isuzuma ry'amaso, ikizamini cya OCT, indwara z'amaso, kureba, umuganga w'amaso, kamera ya fundus