Immunostaining ni iki? Reka tuvuge kuri iki kizamini cyo kumenya indwara mu buryo bworoshye!

Ese wigeze uhabwa itegeko na muganga ryo gupima indwara yitwa "Immunostaining"? Cyangwa hari aho wumvise iryo jambo? Wenda rishobora kuba rigoye kuri wewe. Ariko ntugahangayike, uyu munsi turaganira kuri iki kizamini cyitwa Immunostaining, icyo gikora, uko gikorwa, byose mu buryo bworoshye cyane ushobora kumva. Kimwe no kuvugana n'inshuti.

Gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Mu magambo make, gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ni ikizamini cyihariye gikoreshwa n'abahanga mu ndwara zacu. Gikoreshwa mu kumenya molekile ya poroteyine runaka muri poroteyine nyinshi mu gipimo cyafashwe mu mubiri wawe, nk'amaraso, umwororo w'amagufwa, cyangwa ingingo. Tekereza nko gushaka umuntu runaka mu itsinda ry'abantu. Ubu buryo burafasha cyane mu gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye, cyane cyane indwara zandura na kanseri.

Iki kizamini gikora gite?

Noneho reka turebe uko ubu buryo bwo kwirinda indwara bukora. Bukoresha ikintu cyitwa antibodies . Izi antibodies ni nk'abasirikare mu bwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu. Zimenya kandi zigafata ibintu bitera indwara, byitwa antigens . Rero, muri iki kizamini, abaganga bakoresha antibodies yihariye kuri iyo poroteyine (yitwa antigen) bashaka.

Hanyuma hakaza igice cyo "gusiga irangi". Ni nko gushyira ahagaragara interuro y'ingenzi mu gitabo. Ariko ntabwo byoroshye nko gusiga irangi ku ishati. Ubu buryo bwo "gusiga irangi" bukoresha amarangi yihariye, enzymes zihindura amabara, molekile zitanga urumuri , ndetse n'uduce twa zahabu. Ibi biranga poroteyine n'uturemangingo bashaka, kugira ngo abashakashatsi babibone neza hifashishijwe mikorosikopi.

Mbere yo gukora iki kizamini cyo gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, umuganga azagufata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe, umworera w'amagufwa, cyangwa ingingo. Hanyuma bizoherezwa kwa muganga w'indwara kugira ngo apimwe. Wibuke ko, byaba ari icyitegererezo cyafatiwe mu bitaro cyangwa kwa muganga, iki kizamini cyo gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri gihora gikorerwa muri laboratwari, cyangwa icyo twita laboratwari.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukoreshwa?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri abaganga bakoresha. Buri buryo bufite uburyo bwihariye bwo gupima, cyangwa protocole, ijyanye nabwo. Dore bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bukoreshwa:

• Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara z'imyororokere
• Ihindagurika ry'amazi mu mubiri (flow cytometry)
• Mikroskopi y'imyunyungugu-electron (EM immunolabeling)

Ese twareba buri kimwe muri ibi mu buryo burambuye?

Immunohistochemistry - uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane

Ubu ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane bwo gupima imiterere y’umubiri . Muri immunohistochemistry, agace gato k’icyitegererezo gashyirwa ku kirahuri, hanyuma antibody ifatana n’ikintu gikenewe ikongeraho. Hanyuma irangi ryihariye cyangwa enzymes. Izi zitwa immunostains. Ibi bituma umuhanga mu by’indwara abona neza poroteyine n’uturemangingo runaka munsi ya mikorosikopi.

Reba ibyiza bya Immunohistochemistry:

• Bifasha kumenya ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri.
• Bifasha mu gushyira mu byiciro indwara nyinshi z'imitsi n'indwara z'amaraso.
• Ibi kandi bituma abaganga bashobora kwiga ingaruka, cyangwa imiterere, y'uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe.

Cytometry y'umuvuduko - nk'imashini ibara kandi igatondekanya utunyangingo

Mu buryo bwitwa flow cytometry, umutekinisiye akoresha antibodies zifite ibirango by'amabara kugira ngo agaragaze poroteyine ashaka. Hanyuma, hakoreshwa umuyoboro wa laser wihariye mu kubara, gutondeka no gutandukanya uturemangingo twawe kamwe ku kandi. Ni nko gushakisha ibiribwa muri supermarket.

Abaganga bakoresha flow cytometry kugira ngo bapime indwara nka:

• Indwara zandura
• Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Mikroskopi y'imyunyungugu-electron (EM immunolabeling)

Mikroskopi ya immuno-electron yemerera umuganga w’indwara kureba icyitegererezo cyawe mu buryo bwo kongera imbaraga no mu buryo burambuye. Muri ibi, abahanga mu ndwara bashyira uduce duto twa zahabu twitwa colloidal gold particles kuri antibodies. Iyi zahabu ya colloidal yoroshye cyane kuyibona ukoresheje mikorosikopi ya electron. Rero, iyo iyo antibodies igiye gufata antigen, uduce twa zahabu tuyigaragaza neza nk'utudomo tw'umukara.

Uretse kumenya indwara zitandukanye za virusi, microscopy y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ishoboraNdetse no mu nkingo haboneka antigens za virusi.

Ni gute nakwitegura iki kizamini?

Ubusanzwe, ntukeneye kwitegura ikizamini cyo gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Ariko, muganga wawe azaguha amabwiriza mbere yo gufata icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe, ingingo, cyangwa umusokoro w'amagufwa. Ibi bizagufasha kumenya neza icyo ugomba kwitega. Ni ngombwa gutega amatwi witonze icyo muganga wawe akubwira.

Ikizamini kimara igihe kingana iki? Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ibisubizo bigaruke?

Ibi biterwa cyane n'uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ku budahangarwa bw'umubiri muganga wawe akoresha. Uburyo bumwe butwara amasaha make gusa , mu gihe ubundi bushobora kumara iminsi 10. Muganga wawe azashobora kukubwira igihe bizamara bitewe n'uko umeze.

Igihe bifata kugira ngo ibisubizo bigaruke nacyo kirasa. Uburyo bumwe bwo gusiga irangi ku budahangarwa bw'umubiri bushobora kuguha ibisubizo mu gihe gito nk'umunsi umwe. Ubundi bushobora gufata icyumweru kimwe cyangwa kirenga. Iyo ugiye gutanga icyitegererezo, muganga wawe azakubwira igihe ushobora kwitega ibisubizo.

Rero, muri iki gihe, ni byiza kwihangana no kudatinya. Vugana na muganga kandi umusobanurire byose.

Ibisubizo bivuga iki? Bigenda bite iyo bitameze neza?

Umuganga w’indwara azasesengura ibisubizo by’ibizamini byawe hanyuma abyoherereze muganga wawe. Ibisubizo uzabona bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ubwoko bw’ibizamini umuganga w’indwara yakoze. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira birambuye ibisubizo by’ibizamini byawe n’icyo bivuze ku kibazo cyawe.

Wibuke ko niba ibisubizo by'ibizamini bitameze neza , bivuze ko umuganga w'indwara abonye ibimenyetso by'indwara, ntugatinye. Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibisubizo kandi akuganirize uburyo bwo kuvura. Hari igihe itsinda ry'abaganga rishobora gukorana kugira ngo bategure gahunda nziza yo kuvura.

Amaherezo, ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka

Sawa, rero ukurikije ibyo twaganiriyeho, ndizera ko ufite igitekerezo cyiza ku bijyanye no gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka:

• Gupima indwara z’umubiri ni ikizamini cya laboratwari gikoresha antibodies kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hamenyekane antigens runaka ziri mu turemangingo twacu.
• Iki kizamini gishobora gufasha gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye, harimo indwara za virusi na bagiteri, ndetse n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri.
• Niba ugomba gupimwa ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nta mpamvu yo gutinya.Muganga wawe azabigusobanurira birambuye.
• Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bimaze kugaragara, vugana na muganga wawe nta gushishoza icyo bivuze ku ndwara yawe n'uko ukeneye kuvurwa cyangwa kutavurwa.

Wibuke ko siyansi y’ubuvuzi ihora itera imbere. Ni mu bipimo nk’ibi dushobora kubona indwara nyinshi hakiri kare no kuzivura neza. Rero, niba muganga agusabye ikizamini nk’icyo, ni ngombwa kucyitegura.

` Gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, Pathology, Antibody, Antigens, Ibizamini bya kanseri, Ibizamini bya laboratwari