"Impanga yawe ya digitale"? Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rizahindura isuzuma ry'ibiyobyabwenge (Impanga ya Digital)

Ese wigeze wibaza igihe byatwaye kugira ngo icyo kinini wafashe muri iki gitondo kigere ku maboko yawe? Ubwa mbere, bakora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse muri laboratwari. Hanyuma bakagipima ku nyamaswa. Ariko mbere yuko cyemezwa gukoreshwa ku bantu, bagomba kugipima ku bantu. Iki ni cyo twita igerageza ry'ubuvuzi. Ni inzira igoye cyane kandi ihenze.

Mu magambo make, igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi ni iki?

Mu magambo make, igerageza rya muganga rikora gutya: Abashakashatsi bashakira abarwayi bafite indwara uyu muti mushya urimo gukorwa. Hanyuma aba bakorerabushake bagabanywamo amatsinda abiri mu buryo butunguranye.

1. Itsinda rya mbere rihabwa umuti mushya kugira ngo upimwe.

2. Itsinda rya kabiri , "Itsinda rigenzura" ("Control Group"), rihabwa umuti wa placebo udafite ikintu gikora kandi usa neza n'uwo muti. Uyu muti tuwita "Placebo".

Niba, mu mpera z'iri gerageza, ibimenyetso by'abafashe umuti mushya byarazamutse kurusha abafashe umuti wa placebo, ibi bigaragaza ko umuti mushya ufite akamaro.

Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye muri iryo gerageza ni ukubona abarwayi bahagije bakwiriye neza iryo gerageza. Hari igihe n'abaganga batazi ibizamini bikwiye abarwayi babo. Nanone, imiterere y'abarwayi bashaka kwitabira ishobora kudahura n'ibisabwa mu igerageza. Ariko, ubwenge bw'ubukorano (AI) bushobora koroshya iki gikorwa cyane.

Hurira "impanga yawe y'ikoranabuhanga"

Tekereza ufite moderi yawe ya mudasobwa, ni ukuvuga kopi yawe ya digitale. Ibyo ni byo byitwa "Digital Twin". Izi ni "Computer Models" gusa zigana ikintu cyangwa sisitemu iri kuri mudasobwa. Ariko iyo zirebye mu mibare, zitwara nk'ikintu nyacyo. Urugero rwiza ni igihe ikigega cya ogisijeni cyari mu cyogajuru cya Apollo 13 cyaturitse, NASA yafashije kugisana ikoresheje "Digital Twin" y'icyogajuru kimwe cyubatswe ku Isi.

Ubu, abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora kurema "impanga y'ikoranabuhanga" y'umuntu, iyo bahawe "amakuru" ahagije. Ibi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano ryitwa "Inyigisho z'imashini". Mu magambo make, ibi bikubiyemo guha porogaramu ya mudasobwa amakuru menshi no kuyireka ikayigiraho.

Indwara z’abarwayi b’impanga zo mu buryo bwa digitale zikorwa binyuze mu guhugura izi moderi zo kwigira ku ikoranabuhanga hakoreshejwe amakuru yavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere ndetse n’inyandiko z’ubuvuzi za buri murwayi. Hanyuma, moderi ishobora guhanura uko ubuzima bw’umurwayi buzahinduka mu gihe cy’igerageza aramutse ahawe placebo.Ni ukuvuga ko itsinda ry’abagenzura ryakozwe na mudasobwa (Itsinda ry’abagenzura ryakozwe na mudasobwa) ryakorewe uwo murwayi umwe.

Noneho reka turebe uko ibi bikora. Reka tuvuge ko umuntu witwa "Samadhi" yatoranijwe kuba mu itsinda ryakira umuti mushya. "Digital Twin" ya Samadhi, icyitegererezo cya mudasobwa, iri mu itsinda rigenzura. Icyitegererezo gihanura uko byagenda iyo Samadhi ahabwa "Placebo" aho guhabwa umuti nyawo. Amaherezo, itandukaniro riri hagati y'uko Samadhi yakira umuti nyawo n'uko uwo muti wahanuye ko byagenda aramutse afashe "Placebo" ni igipimo cy'uburyo umuti uzagira akamaro kuri Samadhi.

Reka turebe iyi mbonerahamwe kugira ngo turebe neza inyungu zo gukoresha ``Digital Twins'' aho gukoresha amatsinda asanzwe agenzura.

Nubwo iri koranabuhanga ari ryiza, ese nta bibazo bifite?

Nubwo iri koranabuhanga rifite icyizere gikomeye mu gihe kizaza, ntirirakoreshwa cyane. Hari impamvu zumvikana zibitera. Nk’uko Dr. Daniel Neal, impuguke mu "Kwiga imashini") abivuga, ubu buryo bushingiye ku makuru menshi. Nanone, biragoye cyane kubona amakuru meza aturutse ku bantu ku giti cyabo.

Ikindi kibazo ni ingaruka mbi zidasanzwe kandi zitunguranye umuti ushobora gutera. Izi akenshi ntizivugwa mu buryo bwagenewe itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura.

Ariko ubwoba bukomeye bwa Dr. Neal ni uko ubu buryo bwo guhanura bushingiye ku "bikorwa bisanzwe." Tekereza ikintu gikomeye, kitunguranye nk'icyorezo cya COVID-19 gihindura imyitwarire ya buri wese kandi kigatera abantu kurwara. Agira ati: "Abagenzuzi ntibabizirikana." Hanyuma, kubera ibi bintu itsinda ry'abagenzuzi ritatekerejeho, ibisubizo bya nyuma by'igerageza bishobora kuba bitandukanye rwose.

None se ibi koko bishobora gukoreshwa? Ejo hazaza hazaba hameze hate?

Eric Topol, impuguke mu ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi, abona ko icyo gitekerezo ari cyiza, ariko igihe ntikiragera. "Sintekereza ko igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi rizahinduka mu gihe cya vuba. Kuko bisaba amakuru menshi, usibye gusa inyandiko z'ubuzima, nk'uruhererekane rwa genome, mikorobe zo mu nda, amakuru ajyanye n'ibidukikije."

Nk’uko bivugwa na Charles Fisher, washinze Unlearn.AI, umuhanga muri iri koranabuhanga, hari ibisubizo by’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwite bw’amakuru n’ivangura. "Ubuzima bwite biroroshye. Dukoresha gusa amakuru yamaze kumenyekana."

Iyo avuga ku kubogama, avuga ko nubwo iki kibazo kitarakemuka burundu, ntacyo bitwaye ku bisubizo by’ubushakashatsi. Kubera ko ubushakashatsi bukorwa ku buryo butateguwe, nubwo haba hari ubwugarije mu makuru, ntacyo buhindura ku bisubizo. Ariko, impuguke zimwe na zimwe ntizivuga kuri iki gitekerezo. Bavuga bati,Kubera ko ugereranya umuntu nyawe n'icyitegererezo cya mudasobwa, niba hari ikosa muri iyo cyitegererezo, bishobora kugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bisubizo.

Ariko, Unlearn.AI isanzwe ikorana n'ibigo by'imiti mu gushushanya igeragezwa ry'indwara z'imitsi nka Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, na multiple sclerosis. Bahisemo izi ndwara nk'ahantu heza ho gutangirira kuko zifite amakuru menshi kurusha izindi. Fisher avuga ko niba ubu buryo bushobora gukoreshwa ku ndwara zose umunsi umwe, bishobora kugabanya cyane igihe bifata kugira ngo imiti mishya ijye ku isoko.