Ese wari uzi ko iyo turwaye, iyo dufashwe n'ibicurane, haba hari intambara ikomeye mu mibiri yacu? Ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu burwanya mikorobe, ni ukuvuga abatera, baturutse hanze mu buryo butagaragara. Abasirikare badasanzwe kandi b'abahanga muri iki gisirikari ni 'uturemangingo' tuvuga uyu munsi. Tudafite ibi, ndetse n'ibicurane bito bishobora kudutera ibibazo byinshi.
Mu magambo make, izi antibodies ni iki?
Kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe, reka dufate urugero ruto. Tekereza ko umubiri wawe ari igihugu kirinzwe neza. Abajura n'abanzi bashobora guturuka hanze y'iki gihugu. Ibyo bivuze ibintu nka bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo, n'uburozi. Ikintu cyose cyangiza umubiri wacu kandi giturutse hanze ya antijeni twita ikintu cyose. Mu magambo make, antijeni ni ikintu cyinjiye mu mubiri wacu.
Noneho, iyo uyu murwanyi (Antigen) yinjiye mu mubiri, ubwirinzi bwacu, ari bwo budahangarwa bw'umubiri, burabimenya. Buhita bwohereza ikimenyetso kivuga ngo “Dore umuntu utazwi!” Muri ako kanya, ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bukora ubwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine yitwa antibody yo kurwanya uyu murwanyi no kumusenya. Rero, antibody ni nk'umupolisi cyangwa umusirikare mu mubiri wacu.
Irindi jambo rikoreshwa ku barwanya indwara ni Immunoglobulin . Ushobora kubona iri zina rihinnye nka (Ig) kuri zimwe mu raporo z'ibizamini by'amaraso yawe.
Izi antibodies zikorwa zite? Zikora he?
Uturemangingo twa B, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera mu mubiri wacu, dukora nk'inganda zikora utwo turemangingo. Iyo antigen, cyangwa umugera, ihuye n'uturemangingo twa B, uturemangingo twa B twigabanyamo kabiri vuba kandi tugakora kopi ibihumbi byatwo. Utwo turemangingo dushya twita uturemangingo twa plasma. Utwo turemangingo twa plasma ni two dukora uturemangingo twa za miriyoni tukaturekura mu maraso no mu maraso.
Izi antibodies zigenda mu mubiri wose, zishakisha abo bagizi ba nabi, zirabafata, hanyuma zikabica.
Izi antibodies ziboneka ahantu henshi mu mibiri yacu:
- Mu maraso
- Uruhu
- Mu bihaha
- Mu marira
- Mu macandwe
- Cyane cyane mu mashereka
Yego, amashereka menshi atangwa na nyina mu minsi mike ya mbere umwana avutse, yitwa colostrum, aba arimo ubudahangarwa bwinshi cyane. Niyo mpamvu konsa byongera cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umwana. Umwana abona ibintu birinda umubiri wa nyina mu buryo butaziguye.
Hari ubwoko 5 bw'abashinzwe kurwanya indwara - si ko bose bakora ikintu kimwe!
Nk’uko hari regiments zitandukanye mu nzego zacu z’umutekano, antibody zigabanyijemo ubwoko 5 bw’ingenzi. Buri bwoko bufite uruhare rwihariye. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.
| Ubwoko bw'umubiri urwanya indwara | Imirimo y'ingenzi n'umwihariko |
|---|---|
| Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | Ubu ni bwo bwoko buboneka cyane mu maraso yacu. Ni ubwo bwibuka ubwandu bwabayeho mbere kandi bukaba bwiteguye kuburwanya niba agakoko kamwe kagarutse. Utu tunyangingo twa IgG twambukiranya kandi tugakomeza kurinda umwana uri mu nda. |
| Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | Ibi bikunze kuboneka mu mazuru, mu muhogo, mu bihaha no mu nzira y'igogora. Ibi bivuze ko ari inzira mikorobe zinjira mu mubiri. Biboneka kandi mu mashereka menshi. |
| Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | Iyo ubwandu bushya bugeze ku mubiri, aba basirikare ba IgM ni bo ba mbere bajya ku rugamba. Niyo mpamvu igipimo cya IgM gipimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ubwandu buherutse kubaho. |
| Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | Aba nibo bakomeye mu kugira allergie. Igipimo cya IgE kiriyongera iyo umubiri ugize ikibazo ku bintu nk'umukungugu, impongo, n'ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe. Binarwanya udukoko. |
| Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | Ibi biboneka mu rugero ruto cyane mu maraso. Nubwo bikekwa ko bifasha uturemangingo twa B gukora neza, uruhare rwabyo ruracyari gukorwaho ubushakashatsi. |
Antibodies zikorwa muri laboratwari? Izi antibodies za monoclonal ni izihe?
Hari igihe uturemangingo umubiri wacu ukora ubwawo gusa dushobora kudashobora kurwanya indwara. Muri ibyo bihe, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakora ubwoko bwihariye bwa uturemangingo muri laboratwari. Izo turemangingo zitwa uturemangingo twa monoclonal .
Ibi ni nko kohereza misile ku ntego yayo. Izi antibodies zigenewe kwibasira no kwibasira ingirabuzimafatizo runaka gusa (urugero, ingirabuzimafatizo ya kanseri) cyangwa poroteyine itera indwara runaka. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bwitwa kandi immunotherapy .
Ubu buryo bwo kuvura ubu bukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye.
| Zimwe mu mpamvu zikoreshwa mu kuvura antibody ya monoclonal |
|---|
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Reka tuvuge ku bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye.
Iyo tuvuze ku byerekeye antibodies, hari imanza nke zihariye dukunze kumva.
COVID-19 n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri
Kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19, twese twatangiye kumva ibijyanye n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri.
- Niba warakize COVID-19, umubiri wawe ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bushobora kurwanya virusi.
- Niba warahawe urukingo rwa COVID-19, bizanatuma umubiri wawe ukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
- Ikintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi: Iyo umuntu wakize COVID-19 ahawe urukingo, urukingo rw'uwo muntu rurushaho gukomera. Uburinzi butanga nabwo burarushaho kwiyongera.
Ushobora gupimwa antibody kugira ngo urebe niba ufite antibody za COVID mu mubiri wawe. Ariko, ubushakashatsi buracyakomeje ku gihe izi antibody zimara mu mubiri.
Antibodies za Thyroglobulin (Antibodies zitera thyroid gland)
Hari igihe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu butangira kwibasira ibice by'umubiri wacu. Abantu benshi bafite ibibazo bya tiroyide bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira ingirabuzimafatizo zabo. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zitwa Thyroglobulin .Ibi bishobora gutuma tiroyide ikora cyane (hyperthyroidism) cyangwa igakora nabi (hypothyroidism).
Mu gihe umuganga wawe akeka ko afite ikibazo cya tiroyide, ashobora gutegeka ko apimwa amaraso kugira ngo arebe urugero rw'izi antibodies.
Utunyangingo tw’umubiri twigenga
Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'igitekerezo cyo "kwiyica" twavuze mbere. Utunyangingo twacu twitiranya poroteyine ku tunyangingo twacu tuzima n'"abatwibasira" maze tugatangira kutwibasira. Utunyangingo tw'umubiri twitwa autoantibodies .
Tubyita indwara ziterwa n'iyi ndwara indwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri .
- Lupus
- Rumatizime
- Indwara ya Hashimoto
- Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1
Ingero z'izo ndwara zirimo: Ikizamini cya ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) ni cyo kizamini nyamukuru gikorwa iyo hari ukekwaho indwara nk'iyo.
Kuba ikizamini cya ANA cyaragaragaye ko ari icyawe ntabwo bivuze ko ufite indwara y’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri. Bivuze gusa ko muganga wawe agomba kuyisuzuma cyane. Rero ntugahangayikishwe n’ibizavugwa muri iyo raporo. Vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye na byo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Antibodies ni poroteyine zikorwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu ziturinda mikorobe, indwara zandura, n'uburozi.
- Ikintu cyangiza umubiri wacu giturutse hanze cyitwa antigen, naho ikintu kigerageza kuyirwanya cyitwa antibody.
- Amashereka, cyane cyane ifuro ry’umukara, akingira abana bato cyane kuko akungahaye ku budahangarwa bw’umubiri.
- Hari igihe uturemangingo twacu bwite dushobora kwibasira ibice by’umubiri wacu bizima. Iyi ndwara yitwa indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri.
- Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa impungenge ku bijyanye n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, cyangwa indi ndwara yavuzwe muri iyi nkuru, nyamuneka ubiganireho na muganga wawe.
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