Ese nawe ufite ikibazo cyo kuvuga no gusobanukirwa? Ese byaba ari afasiya?

Ese ushobora kwiyumvisha uko byaba bimeze uramutse utabashije kuvuga, kumva ibyo abandi bavuga, gusoma, cyangwa kwandika? Ni nko kuzimira mu gihugu cy'amahanga ntusobanukirwe ururimi. Hari igihe tudashobora no gusaba ikirahure cy'amazi, kumva icyo inshuti ivuga, cyangwa kuvuga tuti "Oh, ndi mu bihe bigoye." Uko ni ko aphasia ari. Bishobora kumvikana nk'aho biteye ubwoba, ariko reka tubiganireho mu buryo burambuye.

Aphasia ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye

Mu magambo make, aphasia ni indwara aho igice cy'ubwonko bwawe kigenzura ururimi cyangirika, bigatera ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo kuvugana n'abandi, ni ukuvuga kuvuga, kumva, gusoma no kwandika. Ibi ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku bwenge . Ubwenge bwawe bushobora kuba bumeze neza, ariko gukoresha ururimi ni byo bibangamira.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara nyuma yo gukomereka mu bwonko. Ishobora kandi guterwa n'izindi ndwara zibangamira imikorere y'ubwonko. Hari igihe, aphasia iterwa n'ikintu cy'igihe gito, nk'umutwe urwaye umutwe, igenda irushaho kuba myiza uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ariko, aphasia iterwa n'igikomere gikomeye cyo mu mutwe, nk'igikomere cy'ubwonko gikomeretse, ishobora kumara igihe kirekire.

Ariko nta kintu na kimwe cyo guhangayikishwa nacyo. Hari uburyo bwo kuvura ibi. Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha kongera kuvugana no gusobanukirwa ibintu bitandukanye by’ururimi.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa aphasia?

Yego, mu by’ukuri hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa aphasia. Mu by’ukuri, hari ubwoko bwinshi buzwi ku mazina atandukanye, nka anomic aphasia, Broca's aphasia, na Wernicke's aphasia. Ibimenyetso bya buri bwoko bishobora gutandukana gato. Ariko ikintu cy’ingenzi ni uko bifitanye isano n’ururimi. Muganga azakubwira neza ubwoko ufite.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Tuvuze ku buryo ibi bikunze kugaragara, dukurikije imibare ituruka mu gihugu nka Amerika, bivugwa ko abantu bagera ku bihumbi magana abiri basanzwe bafatwa n’iyi ndwara buri mwaka. Ibyo bivuze ko iyi ndwara ishobora gufata umuntu umwe kuri buri bantu magana abiri na mirongo irindwi na babiri. Hari n’abantu bafite iyi ndwara muri Sri Lanka, bityo rero ni ngombwa kubimenya.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya aphasia?

Noneho reka turebe ibimenyetso bya aphasia. Nkuko nabivuze mbere, ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'ubwoko bwa aphasia ufite. Ariko, akenshi, uzabona ibintu nk'ibi:

Kugorwa no kubona no gukoresha amagambo mu gihe uvuga (Ururimi rugaragaza ibitekerezo)

Ibi ni byo bibaho:

• Biragoye kubona amagambo akwiye. Iyo ushaka kuvuga icyo utekereza, amagambo ntabwo agaragara. Wenda ushaka kuvuga "amazi," ariko ntushobora kwibuka iryo jambo.
• Amagambo atari yo avugwa. Hari igihe ijambo rishobora gusimbuzwa n'iridafite aho rihuriye. Nk'ukuvuga "reba" hanyuma "urye".
• Inyuguti mu magambo zirasubirwamo kandi zigasobanurwa. Urugero, "koppe" ishobora kuvugwa nka "pokkae".
• Amagambo mashya, amagambo adafite icyo avuze, ashobora gushingwa.
• Amagambo cyangwa interuro zikoreshwa kenshi zisubirwamo kenshi.
• Ushobora kuvuga mu magambo amwe aho kuvuga mu nteruro zuzuye. Urugero, aho kuvuga ngo "Ndashaka amazi," ushobora kuvuga ngo "Amazi...amazi...".

Kugorwa no kumva ibyo abandi bavuga (Gusobanukirwa ururimi)

Ibi kandi ni ibintu bibaho ku bantu benshi:

• Iyo uvuze izina ry'ikintu , ushobora kudahita umenya icyo ari cyo. Urugero, niba umuntu avuze "igitambaro", ugomba gukeka icyo ari cyo.
• Biragoye gusobanukirwa neza icyo amagambo asobanura.
• Biragoye gukurikiza amabwiriza y'umuntu. Iyo umuntu avuze ati "Genda ufunge urugi," bishobora kugorana kubyumva no kubikora.
• Sinshobora gusobanukirwa neza ibivugwa mu kiganiro.
• Biragoye cyane kumva igihe abantu barenze umwe bavuga icyarimwe.
• Bishobora kudashoboka gusobanukirwa urwenya n'amagambo y'ubushinyaguzi nk'ayo.

Imbogamizi mu gusoma no kwandika

Ibibazo nabyo bishobora guturuka muri ubu buryo:

• Biragoye kumva ibyanditse (ku kibaho, kuri mudasobwa, mu bitabo).
• Biragoye kwandika amagambo neza no gushyiraho interuro.
• Ibibazo bishobora no kuvuka mu gihe cyo gukoresha imibare. Urugero, mu gihe cyo kubara, kubara amafaranga, cyangwa kumenya igihe.

Tekereza, ufite ibintu byinshi byo kuvuga mu mutwe wawe, ariko ikindi kintu kikava mu kanwa kawe, cyangwa amagambo agahinduka urujijo. Ntusobanukiwe icyo abandi bavuga. Mbega ukuntu ibi bisa nkaho ari nta cyo bimaze.

Kuki habaho aphasia?

None se, kuki habaho aphasia? Impamvu nyamukuru ni ukwangirika kw'imyanya y'ururimi mu bwonko bwawe. Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zishobora gutuma iki cyangirika kibaho:

• Indwara ya Stroke: Iyi ni yo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara cyane. Iyo amaraso atembera mu bwonko ahagaritse cyangwa hari amaraso ava mu bwonko, uturemangingo tw'ubwonko turapfa. Ibi bishobora kwangiza imyanya y'ururimi.
• Gukomeretsa Ubwonko (TBI): Gukubitwa bikomeye ku mutwe, nko mu mpanuka, bishobora kwangiza ubwonko no gutera aphasia.
• Kanseri yo mu bwonko: Iyo ikibyimba kivutse mu bwonko, gishobora kwikomeretsa no kwangiza imyanya y'ururimi.
• Kwandura ubwonko: Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe za bagiteri na virusi zishobora kugera mu bwonko zikangiza.
• Kubyimba mu bwonko: Kubyimba mu bwonko bishobora guterwa n'indwara zo kubyimba.
• Indwara z'imitsi zikomeza kwiyongera:Urugero, ibimenyetso bya aphasia bishobora no kugaragara uko igihe kigenda gihita mu ndwara nka dementia na Alzheimer.

Byongeye kandi, ikintu cyose cyangiza ubwonko cyangwa kikabangamira imikorere y'ubwonko gishobora gutera aphasia. Dore izindi ngero nke:

• Aneurysms - Ibi bivuze ko imiyoboro y'amaraso mu bwonko icika intege kandi ikabyimba nk'umupira w'amapine.
• Kubaga ubwonko
• Kubura umwuka wo mu bwonko - Ibi bivuze ko ubwonko butagira umwuka mwiza uhagije.
• Gukomereka mu mutwe - Indwara y'igihe gito ibaho iyo umutwe ukubiswe.
• Indwara zo mu nda - ni ukuvuga zimwe mu ndwara zibaho igihe umwana avuka.
• Indwara y'igicuri
• Indwara z’uturemangingo nk’indwara ya Wilson.
• Migraine - Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso by'igihe gito bya aphasia hamwe n'imitsi.
• Kuvura kanseri hakoreshejwe imirasire cyangwa imiti ivura kanseri.
• Uburozi n'uburozi - urugero, uburozi bwa monoxide ya karubone cyangwa uburozi bw'ibyuma biremereye.
• Ibitero by'indwara z'ihungabana ry'umubiri byihuse (TIAs) - byitwa kandi 'imitsi mito'.

Ni hehe neza neza mu bwonko ibi bigira ingaruka?

Noneho ushobora kwibaza uti, ni hehe neza mu bwonko ibi biba byaragize ingaruka? Ubwoko bwa aphasia ufite buterwa n'igice cyihariye cy'ubwonko cyangiritse. Hari ibice bibiri by'ingenzi by'ubwonko bwacu bigira uruhare mu rurimi:

• Agace ka Broca: Aka gaherereye mu gice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko bwawe, igice cy'imbere. Mu by'ukuri, ku ruhande rw'ibumoso, imbere y'ugutwi. Ibi nibyo bigenzura imitsi dukoresha iyo tuvuga.
• Agace ka Wernicke: Aha hantu haherereye mu gice cy'ubwonko, mu gice cy'ubwonko cy'igihe gito. Ariko ibumoso, hejuru gato y'ugutwi. Aha niho usobanukirwa amagambo kandi ugahitamo amagambo akwiye yo gukoresha mu gihe uvuga.

Ibi bice bibiri birakorana kugira ngo bidutere kuvuga. Tekereza, agace ka Wernicke gasobanukirwa amagambo, gahitamo amagambo yo kuvuga, hanyuma kohereza ayo majwi mu gace ka Broca. Agace ka Broca gahita kohereza ibimenyetso ku mitsi kugira ngo ivuge ayo magambo. Mu magambo make, ni ko bigenda.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibi?

Ahasia ishobora kwibasira umuntu uwo ari we wese w’imyaka iyo ari yo yose. Ariko, ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bantu barengeje imyaka 65, cyane cyane nyuma y’imvune yo mu bwonko nko kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko. Ahasia ishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye nyuma y’ibintu nk’ibyo.

Ibindi bibazo bishobora guterwa na aphasia

Ahasia ishobora guteza izindi ngorane iyo udashobora kubwira abandi ibyo wifuza n'ibyo ukeneye. Tekereza, byagenda bite uramutse udashobora kuvuga ko ushonje, unaniwe, ukeneye ubufasha, cyangwa ko hari ikibazo? Ibi bishobora gutera ibintu nk'ibi:

• Gucika intege
• Uburakari ( rimwe na rimwe bukabije)
• Irungu, Kwigunga
• Ihungabana

Iki kibazo ntikigira ingaruka ku murwayi gusa. Bitewe n'imbogamizi y'ururimi, abarera abana bashobora kumva bababaye kandi bababaye bitewe no kudashobora kuvugana neza n'uwo bakundaga. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane ko abagize umuryango babyumva kandi bakihangana.

Ni gute iyi ndwara ya aphasia ipimwa?

None se, ni gute wasuzuma indwara ya aphasia? Muganga azabyemeza nyuma yo gusuzuma umubiri n'ibindi bizamini byinshi.

Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma, muganga azabaza ibibazo bijyanye n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe n'ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bwawe. Ushobora kugorwa no gusubiza ibi bibazo cyangwa kumva icyo muganga akubaza. Kubwibyo, ni ingirakamaro cyane kugira umuntu umwitaho cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe. Bashobora kugusobanurira ibisobanuro birambuye nibiba ngombwa.

Niba umuganga wawe akeka ko afasiya, azakohereza kwa muganga w’indwara zo mu rurimi rw’imivugire (SLP). Umuganga w’indwara zo mu rurimi rw’imivugire azagusuzuma neza ubushobozi bwawe bwo kumva ururimi (kumva), kuvuga no kuganira, kwisobanura no gusoma no kwandika. Ibi bizagufasha kumenya neza ubwoko bwa afasiya ufite.

Byongeye kandi, muganga azasuzuma ibintu bikurikira kugira ngo amenye neza indwara:

• Kuvuga neza: Ese uvuga neza kandi byoroshye? Ese umuvuduko w'imvugo yawe, ijwi ryawe, imivugire yawe, n'ikibonezamvugo byawe ni byo? Ese ushobora kwandika nta ngorane?
• Gusobanukirwa: Ese usobanukiwe ibyo abandi bantu bavuga? Ese interuro n'interuro uvuga bifite ishingiro? Ese ushobora gusoma no gusobanukirwa amagambo yanditse?
• Gusubiramo: Ese hari ikibazo ufite cyo gusubiramo amagambo, interuro, cyangwa interuro zose?

Ni ibihe bizamini biri gukorwa kuri ibi?

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima indwara ya aphasia cyangwa gukuraho izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa. Ibi bizamini bishobora no gufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ibi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gupima amaraso
• Isuzuma rya CT (CT - isuzuma rya tomography ryakoreshejwe)
• EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) - Ikizamini gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko.
• Electromyogram- Ireba imikorere y'imitsi.
• Ikizamini cy'ubushobozi bwavuyeho - Ikizamini kireba uko uturemangingo tw'imitsi dusubiza.
• Isuzuma rya MRI (MRI - isuzuma rya magnetic resonance imaging scan)
• Gupima PET (Positron emission tomography - Gupima PET)

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura afasiya?

Kugira ngo umenye ibimenyetso bya aphasia, muganga wawe azabanza kugerageza kuvura impamvu nyamukuru. Urugero, niba waragize ikibazo cyo mu bwonko, gusubiza amaraso mu gice cy’ubwonko cyafashwe vuba bishoboka bishobora kugabanya cyangwa gukumira kwangirika burundu. Uko ugenda ukira, kandi uko ubwonko bwawe bugenda bukira, aphasia yawe ishobora kuzakira neza.

Ahasia iterwa n'impamvu z'igihe gito, nko kubabara mu mutwe cyangwa kurwara umutwe, ishobora kudakenera kuvurwa kandi izagenda neza ubwayo.

Ariko, niba ubwonko bwawe bwangiritse igihe kirekire cyangwa bwangiritse burundu, ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga bushobora kugufasha kunoza ubuhanga bwawe bwo kuvuga. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga bukubiyemo kongera kubaka cyangwa kongera kwiga ubushobozi bwawe bwo kumva ururimi no kukwigisha ubuhanga bwo guhangana n'ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga bushobora gusaba abakwitaho n'abagize umuryango wawe. Muri ubu buryo, bashobora kwiga uburyo bwiza bwo kuvugana nawe n'uburyo bwo kugufasha.

Ese uvurwa n'imiti?

Bitewe n'impamvu ya aphasia yawe, hari imiti ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ubuvuzi. Iyi miti iratandukanye cyane. Muganga wawe azakubwira uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye. Azasuzuma n'ibindi bintu, nk'uburwayi bwawe n'ibyo ukunda, mu gihe ahitamo uburyo bwo kuvura.

Nzumva meze neza nyuma y'igihe kingana iki?

Igihe bifata kugira ngo ukire indwara ya aphasia giterwa n'impamvu, ubukana bwayo, n'uburyo bwo kuyivura buhari. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira neza igihe cyawe cyo gukira. Hari abantu bakira vuba, abandi bagafata igihe kirekire. Ukwihangana n'imbaraga ni ingenzi.

Ni iki giteganijwe kuri aphasia?

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, aphasia iba igihe gito kandi ikagenda ikira uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ariko, ku bandi, iyo habayeho kwangirika burundu kw'imyanya y'ururimi mu bwonko, aphasia ishobora kuba indwara y'ubuzima bwose. Nubwo uburyo bwo kuvura indwara mu mivugire bushobora kugabanya ibimenyetso bya aphasia, bushobora kutabasha gusubiza inyuma burundu ingaruka z'iyo ndwara.

Uko indwara ya aphasia ihagaze biterwa n'ibintu byinshi, harimo ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'impamvu y'ibimenyetso byawe. Muganga wawe azakubwira byinshi ku bijyanye n'uko indwara yawe ihagaze bitewe n'uko imeze.

Ese afasiya ishobora kwirindwa?

Aphasia ni ikintu gishobora kubaho mu buryo butunguranye kandi butunguranye, bityo ntibishoboka kucyirinda. Ariko,Ushobora kugerageza kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara zishobora kuyitera. Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Indwara nyinshi zitera aphasia zifitanye isano n'ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'amaraso n'ubuzima bw'umutima, bityo kwita ku buzima bwawe muri rusange ni intambwe nziza ya mbere.
• Ntukirengagize indwara zandura: Indwara z'amaso n'amatwi zigomba kuvurwa vuba. Iyo izi ndwara zigeze mu bwonko, zishobora kuba zikomeye, ndetse zikanahitana. Hari indwara zishobora kwangiza ubwonko ndetse zigatera aphasia.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda: Gukomereka mu mutwe bishobora kwangiza ubwonko. Waba uri gukora cyangwa ukora akazi kawe, kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda imvune zishobora gutera indwara yo kudakora akazi. Urugero, ingofero n'imikandara mu modoka.
• Gucunga indwara zisanzwe: Niba ufite indwara z'igihe kirekire nka diyabete n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, kuzicunga neza bishobora gufasha gukumira ingorane zishobora kwangiza ubwonko no gutera indwara ya aphasia.

Ni gute nakwitaho mfite afasiya?

Aphasia ishobora gutuma imirimo imwe n'imwe ya buri munsi igorana, ariko ntabwo igomba kukubuza kubaho ubuzima bwawe bwose. Dore uburyo bumwe na bumwe ushobora kwiyitaho:

• Jyana na muganga wawe buri gihe.
• Kurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa neza.
• Shaka amatsinda yo gufashanya. Ushobora kwiga byinshi no kubona ihumure ahantu hari abantu nkawe.
• Shaka ubundi buryo bwo gutumanaho, gerageza ikoranabuhanga rishya niba rihari. Wenda ibintu nk'amashusho, inyandiko, cyangwa ibimenyetso bishobora gufasha.
• Buri gihe ujye witwaza ikarita iranga abantu kugira ngo abandi bamenye ko ufite indwara ya aphasia.

Muganga wawe azaguha izindi nama zijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga? Ni ryari ukwiye kujya mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze?

Niba wumva ibimenyetso bya aphasia bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro, ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka. Nanone, niba ibimenyetso byawe bya aphasia bigenda birushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita, ganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo.

Ariko, niba ibimenyetso bya aphasia bigaragaye mu buryo butunguranye, ugomba guhita ushakisha abaganga bihutirwa. Ibimenyetso bya aphasia bitunguranye, nta nteguza, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara yo mu bwonko, urugero. Ugomba guhamagara 1990 (cyangwa nimero y'ubutabazi yo mu gace utuyemo) ako kanya.

Nanone, niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira by'indwara yo mu bwonko (cyangwa idafite afasia), shaka ubufasha ako kanya:

• Intege nke, ibinya cyangwa ubumuga ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri.
• Inkuru iba urujijo cyangwa idasobanutse neza.
• Kugwa k'uruhande rumwe rw'isura cyangwa guta ubwenge mu jisho rimwe.
• Kugorwa no kumira.
• Urujijo, kubura amahoro, cyangwa guhungabana.
• Kugorwa no gutekereza, gutekereza, cyangwa kwibuka.
• Umutwe utunguranye kandi ukomeye utuma bidashoboka gukora imirimo isanzwe.

Izindi ndwara zisa na aphasia

Hariho izindi ndwara nyinshi zisa cyangwa zisa na aphasia. Ariko, izi ndwara zifite impamvu n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Zimwe muri izo ndwara zirimo:

• Alexia (ubuhumyi bw'amagambo) na agraphia (kudashobora kwandika): Kwangirika kw'ibice by'ubwonko bwawe bigenzura imvugo bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gusoma no kwandika. Ushobora kubona amagambo ariko ntuyamenye cyangwa ngo uyasome. Abantu bafite agraphia batakaza ubushobozi bwo kwandika. Byombi bishobora kubaho icyarimwe, ariko ibi ni gake cyane.
• Agnosia y'amatwi: Ibi bibaho iyo wumva abandi bantu bavuga ariko ntubashe kumenya icyo bavuga. Ibi bibaho iyo hari ikibazo mu gice cy'ubwonko gitunganya amajwi cyangwa ururimi ruvugwa.

Gufatwa na aphasia bishobora gutera ubwoba kandi bikakubabaza. Ugomba kongera kwiga indimi wakoreshaga neza. Wenda nyuma yo kugira ikibazo cyo gucika intege mu bwonko cyangwa gukomereka mu bwonko, ushobora gusanga bigoye kujya mu itsinda ryawe rya buri kwezi ry’ibitabo cyangwa gutanga ikiganiro ku kazi. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe no ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gusabana n’abandi.

Ahasia ishobora rimwe na rimwe gukira ubwayo, ariko ishobora no kuba indwara ihoraho. Ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko abaganga bawe bashobora kugufasha kumenyera, kwiga uburyo bushya bwo kuvugana n'abandi, no kongera kubaka umubano.

Amaherezo, ibuka ibi (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka tuvuge muri make bimwe mu bintu ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuze.

• Ahasia si ingaruka ku bwenge, ahubwo ni ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo gukoresha ururimi.
• Ibi bishobora guterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye, nko gucika imitsi mu bwonko, ibikomere byo mu bwonko, ibibyimba, n'indwara zandura .
• Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ukugorwa no kuvuga, kumva, gusoma no kwandika.
• Ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga byihutirwa, cyane cyane iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye mu buryo butunguranye, kuko bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara yo mu bwonko.
• Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga ni uburyo bw'ingirakamaro cyane bwo kuvura. Nanone, inkunga y'umuryango ni ingirakamaro cyane.
• Nubwo iki kibazo kigoye kwihanganira, ntukihebe.Shaka ubufasha, shaka uburyo bushya bwo kuvugana, gerageza kugumana icyizere. Ntabwo uri wenyine.

Ahasia , ingorane zo kuvuga, ibibazo by'ururimi, kwangirika k'ubwonko, indwara zo gucika kw'imitsi, uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe, ibibazo byo kuvugana