Aplastic Anemia ni iki? Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.

Ese uhora wumva unaniwe kandi unaniwe? Cyangwa se wandura indwara zikomeye ziturutse no ku tuntu duto cyane? Ese ubona ibikomere ku mubiri wawe wose? Nubwo dushobora gutekereza ko ibi bintu ari ibisanzwe, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ikibazo imbere mu mibiri yacu. Ibyo bivuze ko ari igihe cyo kugenzura niba uruganda rukora amaraso mu mubiri wacu, umworo w'amagufwa, rurimo kuruhuka.

Ese mu by'ukuri indwara yo kubura amaraso mu mubiri (aplastic anemia) ni iki?

Muri make, aplastic anemia ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ariko ikomeye y’amaraso. Icyaba ari uko igice cy’amagufwa yacu, cyitwa umwongo w’amagufwa , kireka gukora uturemangingo dushya tw’amaraso. Tekereza nk’aho uruganda rukora amaraso mu mubiri wacu rwahagaze mu buryo butunguranye.

Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo mu maraso yacu:

• Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso: Utwo ni two dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose.
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru: Izi ni ingabo zacu zirwanya indwara n'ubwandu.
• Platelets: Izi ni zo zihagarika kuva amaraso iyo hari igikomere.

Hari igihe, muri aplastic anemia, ubwoko bumwe gusa muri ubu butatu bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso bukorwa. Ariko akenshi, ubwoko bwose butatu bukorwa buhoro buhoro. Iyi ndwara ishobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro cyangwa mu buryo butunguranye. Iyo umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso ugabanutse cyane, bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara mu myaka iyo ari yo yose, ikunze kugaragara mu rubyiruko ruri mu myaka ya za 20 ndetse n'abarengeje imyaka 60.

Ni iki gitera iki kibazo?

Kubura amaraso mu mubiri bishobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye. Abaganga nibo bazagena ubwoko bwabyo n'uburemere bwabyo.

Anemia yo mu bwoko bwa Aplastic Anemia ikomoka ku ruhu

Ibi biterwa n'ubusembwa bumwe na bumwe bw'uturemangingo uvukana. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo zibuza umwongo w'amagufwa gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso duhagije. Urugero, indwara nka Fanconi anemia na Dyskeratosis congenita zifitanye isano n'ibi.

Impamvu zakurikiyeho (Acquired Aplastic Anemia)

Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Ikibaho hano ni uko ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bwibasira uturemangingo tw'umusokoro w'amagufwa yacu mu buryo butari bwo. Hariho n'izindi mpamvu:

• Virusi zimwe na zimwe nka `HIV` cyangwa `(Epstein-Barr)`.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe, cyane cyane imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge.
• Guhura n'ibinyabutabire by'uburozi.
• Imirasire cyangwa imiti ivura kanseri.
• Izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri.

Indwara aho nta mpamvu iboneka (Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia)

Hari igihe abaganga batabasha kubona impamvu isobanutse neza y’iyi ndwara. Izi ndwara zitwa ibi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso wumva?

Ibimenyetso byawe bizaterwa n'ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tubura. Ariko, kubera ko ubwoko bwose butatu bw'uturemangingo bukunze kubura, ushobora kubona uruvange rw'ibi bimenyetso.

Ubibona ute, Muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso nk'ibi, muganga wawe azagutegeka ibipimo byinshi kugira ngo yemeze ko ari indwara.

• Umubare w'amaraso yuzuye (FBC): Ibi bipima ingano ya buri bwoko bw'uturemangingo mu maraso yawe.
• Gusiga amaraso ku ruhande rw'umubiri:Hano, icyitegererezo cy'amaraso yawe gisuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibitagenda neza mu miterere n'ingano y'uturemangingo.
• Gupima cyangwa gusuzuma indwara y'umusonga w'amagufwa: Iki ni cyo kizamini cy'ingenzi kandi gihamye cyo kwemeza indwara. Mu gihe cyo gusinziriza, hafatwa urugero ruto cyane rw'umusonga w'amagufwa mu igufwa ryo mu kibuno cyangwa irindi gufwa rikwiye. Nubwo iki kizamini kigoye, ni ngombwa gusuzuma neza indwara.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ibintu nk'icyateye indwara, ubukana bwayo, n'imyaka yawe.

• Kuvura icyayiteye: Hari igihe, niba icyayiteye ari umuti cyangwa imiti, kuyihagarika bishobora gutuma iyo ndwara irushaho kuba nziza.
• Witondere kandi utegereze: Iyo indwara idakomeye cyane, muganga wawe ashobora kutaguha uburyo bwo kuvura no gukurikirana uburwayi bwawe asuzuma amaraso yawe kenshi.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura imiti:
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'umubiri: Iyi miti ifasha guhagarika ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kwibasira umwongo w'amagufwa yawe.
• Ibitera imbaraga mu gukamura amagufwa: Iyi miti ifasha mu gukamura amagufwa gukora uturemangingo twinshi tw’amaraso.
• Guterwa amaraso: Kugira ngo umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura cyangwa plaquettes z'amaraso zagabanutse, amaraso agomba gutangwa aturutse hanze. Uyu si umuti, ariko ufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso.
• Gutera uturemangingo tw’umugongo: Ibi bizwi kandi nka Gutera uturemangingo tw’umugongo . Ibi bikubiyemo gusimbuza uturemangingo tw’umugongo twarwaye uturemangingo tw’umugongo tuzima tw’umuntu muzima (akenshi uwo mu muryango wa hafi). Ibi bishobora gukiza burundu indwara. Ubu ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura, cyane cyane ku barwayi bakiri bato.

Ubaho ute muri iki kibazo?

Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kudatunga amaraso mu mubiri (aplastic anemia), ugomba kwita ku buzima bwawe by’umwihariko.

• Irinde kwandura indwara: Karaba intoki zawe kenshi. Irinde abarwayi n'ahantu hahurira abantu benshi uko bishoboka kose.
• Irinde imvune: Kubera ibyago byo kuva amaraso, irinde siporo n'ibikorwa bishobora gutera imvune.
• Ruhuka neza: Ruhuka neza iyo wumva unaniwe.
• Indyo yuzuye: Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri.
• Kurikiza inama z'abaganga:Fata imiti wahawe na muganga wawe ku gihe. Nanone, menya neza ko wagisha inama muganga wawe mu bihe byihariye, urugero nko mbere yo kuguruka mu ndege.