Ese wigeze wibaza aho aya maraso ari mu mubiri wacu aturuka n'uko akorwa? Tuzi akamaro k'aya maraso mu kuturinda indwara no gutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bice byose by'umubiri wacu. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga kuri iyi nzira itangaje, ni ukuvuga ko umubiri wacu ukora uturemangingo dushya tw'amaraso ukwatwo. Ni nk'uruganda ruto mu mubiri.
Hematopoiesis ni iki?
Muri make, hematopoiesis ni inzira yo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu mibiri yacu. Uko uturemangingo tw'amaraso dushaje dupfa, uturemangingo dushya tw'amaraso tugomba guhora tubikora kugira ngo tubisimbuze. Tutabifite, amaraso yacu azagabanuka. Iyi nzira itangira mbere yuko tuvuka kandi igakomeza mu ruziga mu buzima bwacu bwose.
Iri jambo rishobora kumvikana nk'irigoye gato, ariko ibisobanuro byaryo biroroshye cyane. Rigizwe n'amagambo abiri y'Ikigiriki:
- Haîma (Haima): bisobanura "amaraso"
- Poiēsis: bisobanura "gukora ikintu"
Noneho urabyumva, sibyo? Iyo aya magambo yombi ahujwe, asobanura "ikorwa ry'amaraso." Hari igihe amagambo nka `(hemopoiesis)` na `(hematogenesis)` nayo akoreshwa kuri ibi.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukorwa n'iyi gahunda?
Amaraso yacu agizwe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo. Ubwo bwoko bwose bw'uturemangingo bukorwa mu gihe cy'imikorere y'amaraso. Reka turebe ubwoko bw'ingenzi n'imikorere yabwo.
| Ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso | Igikorwa ni cyoroshye. |
|---|---|
| Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura cyangwa se erythrocytes | Izi ni 'serivisi yo gutanga' ifata ogisijeni mu bihaha byacu ikayijyana mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Itwara kandi imyanda ya dioxyde de carbone ikorwa n'uturemangingo ikayisubiza mu bihaha. Amaraso yacu arimo uturemangingo twinshi dutukura tw'amaraso. Uburyo bwo kuyikora bwitwa Erythropoiesis . |
| Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru cyangwa Leukocytes | Izi ni 'ingabo' z'umubiri wacu. Izi selile z'umweru ziturinda indwara zirwanya abaduteye bo mu mahanga nka mikorobe, bagiteri na virusi. Zifasha kandi gusenya uturemangingo tudasanzwe tuba mu mubiri. Uburyo bwo kuzikora bwitwa leukopoiesis . |
| Platelets cyangwa Thrombocytes | Tekereza uko byagenda uramutse utemye ikiganza cyawe. Nyuma y'igihe gito, kuva amaraso kurahagarara, sibyo? Ibyo ni byo platelets zifasha. Ibi ni uduce dufatana tw'uturemangingo. Iyo habayeho igikomere, bihurira hamwe bigakora agahu, bigahagarika kuva amaraso. Uburyo bwo gukora ibi bwitwa thrombopoiesis . |
Ese hari ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru?
Yego, kimwe no mu gisirikare cyacu, hariho ubwoko butandukanye bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera. Buri kamwe gafite akazi kihariye gakwiye gukora. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi ni ubu:
- Neutrophils
- Basofili
- Eosinofili
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes - Izi zigabanyijemo uturemangingo twa B, uturemangingo twa T, n'uturemangingo tw'umwicanyi karemano.
Ni hehe koko amaraso aboneka?
Uruganda rukora utwo turemangingo tw'amaraso ruri mu igufwa ryacu. Igufwa ryacu ni uturemangingo tworoshye kandi dufite umuyoboro mu magufwa yacu manini. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukorerwa mu igufwa ryacu, hanyuma tugahuza imiyoboro y'amaraso yacu.
Nubwo amaraso asanzwe akorerwa mu musemburo w'amagufwa, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye, urugero, iyo umusemburo w'amagufwa urwaye indwara iwubuza gukora amaraso, ingingo nk'umwijima n'umusemburo wacu na byo bishobora gutangira gukora amaraso.
Ariko aho aya maraso akorerwa biratandukanye gato mbere na nyuma yo kuvuka.
Mbere yo kuvuka (mu gihe cyo kubyara)
Mu byumweru bike bya mbere byo gutwita, amaraso akorwa mu buryo bwitwa umuhondo w'umuhondo. Hanyuma, uko gutwita bigenda birushaho kwiyongera, iki gikorwa cyimurirwa mu mwijima no mu ruhu. Mu kwezi kwa gatanu gutwita, amaraso atangira gukorwa cyane cyane mu musemburo w'amagufwa.
Nyuma yo kuvuka
Kuva tuvutse kugeza tugeze mu bwana, umwongo w'amagufwa ni wo ukorerwaho uturemangingo tw'amaraso. Ariko, ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa lymphocytes nabwo butera imbere mu bice nka thymus, biri mu bigize sisitemu ya lymphatic, usibye umwongo w'amagufwa.
Uburyo bwo gusohora amaraso mu maraso bugenda bute?
Iyi gahunda yose itangirira ku ingirabuzimafatizo imwe yihariye. Iyi yitwa Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC).Reka tubyite "ingirabuzimafatizo" cyangwa "ingirabuzimafatizo z'ibanze." Iyi ngirabuzimafatizo ishobora guhinduka ingirabuzimafatizo itukura, ingirabuzimafatizo z'amaraso z'umweru, plaquettes, ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'ingirabuzimafatizo z'amaraso.
Tekereza ibi nk'agacupa k'ibumba. Nk'uko bimeze mu ibumba, agacupa k'ibumba gashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora inkono, isahani, cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, uturemangingo tw'amaraso dushobora gukorwa muri aka karemangingo ka HSC.
Iyi selile ya HSC ibanza kuba selile "ibanziriza". Iyi selile ibanziriza iyigabanyamo kabiri inshuro nyinshi, amaherezo ikaba selile itukura yuzuye, selile yera, cyangwa platelets.
- Gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso (Erythropoiesis): Uturemangingo twa HSC tugenda tuba uturemangingo twitwa "erythroblast", amaherezo tukaba uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso.
- Ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera (Leukopoiesis): Hari inzira ebyiri zo gukora. Uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe tw'amaraso twera tuva mu nzira ya ``myeloid cell line``, na lymphocytes ziva mu nzira ya ``lymphoid cell line```.
- Gukora plateleti (Trombopoiesis): Ingirabuzimafatizo ya HSC ikura ikaba ingirabuzimafatizo nini yitwa "megakaryocyte." Hanyuma, plateleti zikorwa binyuze mu gusenyukamo ibice bivuye muri iyi ngirabuzimafatizo nini.
Bite ho niba hari ikibazo muri ubu buryo?
Imibiri yacu ni nziza cyane mu kugenzura ikorwa ry'utu turemangingo tw'amaraso. Ibyo bivuze ko dukora gusa ingano y'uturemangingo dukeneye. Ariko indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwangiza iyi gahunda. Hanyuma hashobora gukorwa uturemangingo duke cyane tw'amaraso, cyangwa hagakorwa twinshi cyane. Nta na kimwe muri ibi kigirira akamaro umubiri.
| Ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso | Iyo umubare w'uturemangingo ugabanutse (Ni duke cyane) | Iyo umubare w'uturemangingo wiyongereye (Ni twinshi cyane) |
|---|---|---|
| Uturemangingo tw'amaraso dutukura | Iyi ndwara yitwa anemia . Umubiri wumva unaniwe kandi ufite intege nke kubera ko uturemangingo tw'umubiri tutabona umwuka wa ogisijeni ukeneye. | Iyi ndwara yitwa Erythrocytosis . Ishobora gutuma amaraso abyimba, bigatuma ibyago byo kurwara indwara nk'indwara z'umutima cyangwa indwara zo mu bwonko birushaho kwiyongera. |
| Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru | Iyi ndwara yitwa Leukopenia . Iyo uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru turi hasi, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buragabanuka, kandi indwara zishobora kugaragara kenshi. | Iyi ndwara yitwa Leukocytosis . Akenshi ibaho iyo uri kurwanya ubwandu. Ariko ishobora no kugaragara mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe z'amaraso cyangwa kanseri. |
| Amateraleti | Iyi ndwara yitwa Thrombocytopenia . Ndetse n'igikomere gito gishobora gutera kuva amaraso bidashira. Hari n'ibisebe bishobora kugaragara ku mubiri. | Iyi ndwara yitwa thrombocytosis , kandi yongera ibyago byo kuzura kw'amaraso mu miyoboro y'amaraso. |
Ni ibihe bintu bibangamira inzira y'amaraso mu mubiri?
Iyi gahunda yo gukora amaraso ishobora guhungabana bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye.
- Gusaza: Uko tugenda dusaza, ibinure byiyongera mu musokoro w'amagufwa, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso bugabanuka.
- Indwara z'amaraso na kanseri: Kanseri nka leukemia, lymphoma, na myeloma zishobora gutuma uturemangingo tw'amaraso twinshi tudakora neza dukora neza.
- Imiti imwe n'imwe: Urugero, imiti ivura kanseri ishobora kwica uturemangingo twa kanseri ndetse n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dufite ubuzima bwiza. Iyi ni ingaruka mbi z'imiti imwe n'imwe.
Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kumva unaniwe buri gihe, kugira umuriro n'indwara zandura kenshi, gukomereka nta mpamvu, cyangwa kuva amaraso mu gisebe bimara igihe kirekire kugira ngo bihagarare, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga wawe. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ikibazo cy'amaraso.
Hematopoiesis ni inzira ihoraho kandi y'ingenzi kugira ngo tubeho. Uru ruganda ruto ruri mu igufwa ryacu nirwo rutuma tugira ubuzima bwiza kandi dukomeye. Niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi cyane kwita ku buzima bw'amaraso yacu.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- HematopoiesisBivuga inzira umubiri wacu ukoramo uturemangingo tw’amaraso twitwa uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso, uturemangingo tw’umweru tw’amaraso, n’udupira tw’amaraso.
- Iyi gahunda ibera cyane cyane mu igufwa riri mu magufwa yacu.
- Uturemangingo dutukura dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni, uturemangingo twera tuturinda indwara, kandi uduce duto tw’amaraso duhagarika kuva amaraso iyo twakomeretse.
- Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso uri hasi cyangwa hejuru y'utundi dusanzwe ushobora gutera indwara zitandukanye.
- Niba ubonye ibimenyetso nko kunanirwa cyane bitavugwa, kwandura indwara kenshi, cyangwa kuva amaraso mu buryo budasanzwe, ni ngombwa guhita ubonana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akugire inama.
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