Apoptosis ni iki? Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo gupfa kw'uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu!

Ese wigeze wibaza uko bigenda ku turemangingo mu mibiri yacu, cyane cyane iyo dushaje cyangwa twangiritse? Mu by’ukuri, imibiri yacu ifite ubushobozi butangaje bwo kumenya utwo turemangingo no kutwikuramo mu buryo bunoze. Ibyo ni byo twita apoptosis . Mu magambo make, iyi ni inzira y’urupfu rw’uturemangingo umubiri uteganya kandi ukagenzura, nk’uko 'urupfu rw’uturemangingo rwateguwe'.

Kuki iki kintu cyitwa apoptosis ari ingenzi cyane kuri twe?

Tekereza, hari uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe mu mubiri wacu dusaza, cyangwa ADN yatwo ikangirika. Iyo utwo turemangingo dukomeje kubaho mu mubiri, dushobora gukomeza kwigabanya no kwiyongera mu buryo budasubirwaho, bigatera indwara zikomeye nka kanseri. Iyi nzira yitwa apoptosis idufasha kwirinda izo ngaruka.

Ibi ni nko gukuraho ibikoresho bishaje byangiritse mu nzu. Nk'uko kugira ibyo bikoresho bishobora guteza akajagari mu nzu, ni nako kugira utwo turemangingo twangiritse mu mubiri wacu bishobora guteza ibibazo. Rero, apoptosis ni ikintu cy'ingenzi gifasha umubiri wacu kugumana ubuzima bwiza.

Ariko, byose bigomba kugenda uko byateganyijwe. Iyo hari ikintu kitagenda neza muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura indwara, byaba ari uturemangingo twinshi dupfa cyangwa se uturemangingo twagombaga gupfa ntidupfe, ibyo bishobora guteza ibibazo.

• Iyo apoptosis ikabije, ishobora no kwangiza uturemangingo tuzima umubiri wacu ukeneye. Urugero, iyi ndwara igaragara mu ndwara nka Alzheimer.
• Iyo apoptosis itabayeho neza (igabanuka): Uturemangingo twangiritse n'utwo twangiritse dusigara mu mubiri, aho dutangira kwigabanya no kwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara nka kanseri.

Ushobora kuba ushishikajwe no kumenya ibijyanye na apoptosis kuko wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi yafashwe na yo. Ni ibisanzwe kwibaza uburyo utu tunyangingo duto tuba mu turemangingo dushobora kubonwa gusa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi dushobora kuba dufitanye isano n'ibimenyetso tubona. Ariko, gusobanukirwa apoptosis bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu ituma ufatwa. Ubu bumenyi bushobora kandi kugufasha kuganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Ni iki mu by'ukuri kibaho iyo umuntu apfuye? Intego ye ni iyihe?

Apoptosis ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi ku mibiri yacu. Gitangira na mbere yuko tuvuka. Tekereza nawe, iyo umwana uri mu nda, urugero, kugira ngo intoki zikore neza, zimwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo ziri hagati zigomba gupfa mu gihe gikwiye. Ibyo nibyo apoptosis ifasha.

Ndetse na nyuma yo kuvuka, apoptosis igira imirimo myinshi y'ingenzi:

• Uturemangingo n'ingingo bishaje by'umubiri wacu bigomba gusimbuzwa buri gihe n'utundi dushya. Apoptosis ifasha muri ibi.
• Bifasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu kurwanya indwara zitandukanye.
• Byangiritse,Uturemangingo tudashobora kuvugururwa dukurwa mu mubiri.
• Birinda uturemangingo twangiritse kwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye.
• Bifasha mu kubungabunga uburinganire (`(Homeostasis)`) mu ngingo z'umubiri.

Iki kintu cyitwa apoptosis gikora gite?

Iyi ni inzira igoye, ariko mu magambo make, ibaho gutya. Poroteyine zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe mu mibiri yacu zitangira iyi nzira yo kuzura kw'uturemangingo. Urugero ni poroteyine yitwa `(p53 protein).` Iyi nanone yitwa ``poroteyine igabanya ikibyimba'' kuko ifasha guhagarika uturemangingo kwigabanyamo ibice mu buryo butunguranye, nk'uturemangingo twa kanseri.

Dore uko poroteyine ya `p53` ikora:

1. Ubwa mbere, iyi poroteyine ikora "genes" zibika amakuru mu mubiri wacu, kandi ikagerageza gusana uturemangingo dufite "DNA" yangiritse.

2. Ariko, niba ibyangiritse ari byinshi cyane ku buryo bitashobora gusanwa, iyo poroteyine ntizemerera iyo selile kwigabanyamo kabiri cyangwa kugwira.

3. Ahubwo, iyo poroteyine yohereza ikimenyetso, "Sawa, ubu iyi selile igomba gutangira inzira ya apoptosis."

Iyo apoptosis itangiye, habaho impinduka nyinshi za shimi, maze ingirabuzimafatizo zigacikamo uduce duto. Hanyuma, ingirabuzimafatizo ipfa yohereza ikimenyetso ku zindi ngirabuzimafatizo zitwa phagocytes (ubwoko bw'ingirabuzimafatizo z'amaraso zera, nk'imashini zitwara imyanda mu mubiri wacu), ziti: "Ngwino urye ibi bice byanjye." Muri icyo gihe, ingirabuzimafatizo ipfa yohereza ibimenyetso ku ngingo zikikije bifasha kugabanya ububyimbirwe no gukira vuba. Ni nziza cyane, si byo se?

Ese apoptosis ikabije ni ikibazo gikomeye?

Yego rwose. Iyo apoptosis ibaye nyinshi cyane, uturemangingo tuzima umubiri wacu ukeneye natwo dushobora gupfa. Uku gupfa cyane kw'uturemangingo bifitanye isano no gukura kw'indwara nyinshi. Zimwe muri izo ndwara zirimo:

• `(Indwara ya Alzheimer)` (Indwara ya Alzheimer)
• `(Indwara ya Huntington)` (Indwara ya Huntington)
• `(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS))` (indwara ya ALS)
• `(Indwara ya Parkinson)` (Indwara ya Parkinson)
• `(SIDA)` (SIDA)
• Urwara rw'ibisebe
• `(Urumogi rwa rubagimpande)` (Urumogi rwa rubagimpande)

Muri iyo mimerere, ibimenyetso bivuka bitewe no kwangirika kw'uturemangingo umubiri ukeneye.

Bigenda bite iyo apoptosis itabayeho neza (ikagabanuka)?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, apoptosis ni ingenzi mu gukuraho uturemangingo twangiritse, cyangwa mu guhagarika gukura kwatwo mu buryo butari bwo. Rero, niba ibi bitagenze neza, ni ukuvuga ko apoptosis itabaye bihagije, utwo turemangingo twangiritse tuzaguma mu mubiri tugatangira kwigabanya no kwiyongera mu buryo budasubirwaho.

Ibi bimeze nk'icyatsi kibisi. Iyo kidafashwe neza, kizakwirakwira vuba kandi kigasenya ubusitani bwose.

Uku kwiyongera kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo bitera kanseri n'indwara z'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri.Ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima bishobora kubaho.

Ni uruhe ruhare rwa apoptosis mu kuvura indwara?

Abashakashatsi basanze impinduka mu mikorere ya apoptosis zigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’indwara zimwe na zimwe. Bityo ubu barimo gushaka imiti ishobora guhagarika apoptosis iyo irenze urugero, cyangwa ikayitera imbaraga iyo bikenewe .

Tekereza, rimwe na rimwe poroteyine zimwe na zimwe mu mubiri wacu zihagarika apoptosis mu gihe byakagombye kubaho. Hanyuma uturemangingo twangiritse dushobora gukomeza no gukura tukaba ibibyimba bya kanseri. Abashakashatsi barimo gushaka imiti ishobora guhagarika imikorere y’izi poroteyine. Hanyuma apoptosis ishobora kubaho neza, kandi utwo turemangingo tubi turangirika.

Hari n'izindi mpamvu aho twifuza kugabanya umuvuduko w'imisemburo kugira ngo tubashe gukumira uturemangingo tuzima dukeneye gupfa.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya apoptosis muri ubu buryo bushobora gufasha mu kuvura indwara nyinshi mu gihe kizaza. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira byinshi kuri ibi.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya apoptosis na necrosis?

Kimwe na apoptosis, necrosis ni indi nzira itera uturemangingo gupfa. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’ibyo byombi ni uko apoptosis idufasha gukura na mbere yuko tuvuka, mu gihe cy’uruhinja (wibuka iyo miterere isa n’urutoki?). Ariko, necrosis ntabwo ifitanye isano n’imikurire y’uruhinja. Akenshi ibaho nyuma yo kuvuka, iyo uturemangingo twangiritse bitewe n’indwara zitandukanye, ibikomere, uburozi, nibindi.

Abashakashatsi batekerezaga ko apoptosis na necrosis ari inzira ebyiri zitandukanye cyane. Batekerezaga ko apoptosis ari urupfu rw’uturemangingo rwateguwe kandi ruteguwe, naho necrosis ikaba urupfu rw’uturemangingo rudateganyijwe kandi rudateganyijwe . Ibyo ni ukuri ku rugero runaka. Muri necrosis, ibiri mu turemangingo dupfa birasohoka, bigakwirakwira mu ngingo zikikije, kandi bishobora gutera ububyimbirwe. Ni inzira "idasanzwe". Ariko muri apoptosis, uturemangingo dupfa tudasutse ibirimo. Ahubwo, ibice by’uturemangingo bishyirwa hamwe mu buryo buteguye, maze uturemangingo twitwa phagocytes tukaza tukarya.

Ariko, ubushakashatsi bushya bwagaragaje ko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bisa hagati y’izi nzira zombi. Ubwoko bumwe bwa necrosis, nka apoptosis, byagaragaye ko ari necroptosis yateguwe (cyangwa igenzurwa). Ingero zirimo necroptosis na pyroptosis . Rimwe na rimwe, iyo apoptosis inaniwe, umubiri ukoresha uburyo nka necroptosis kugira ngo ukureho uturemangingo tudashaka cyangwa twangiza. Rero, ubu buryo butandukanye bwo gupfa kw’uturemangingo burakorana kugira ngo bufashe kurinda imibiri yacu.

Ijambo 'Apoptosis' rivugwa gute?

Hari uburyo bubiri busanzwe bwo kuvuga ijambo `Apoptosis`. Bumwe ni `App-up-toe-sis` ubundi ni `App-uh-toe-sis`, bivuze ko nta ijwi rya kabiri rya `p`. Ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibi, cyangwa irindi jambo iryo ari ryo ryose rijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe. Ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye, icy'ingenzi ni ugusobanukirwa icyo gitekerezo.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Apoptosis ni inzira itagaragara, ariko y'ingenzi cyane iba mu mibiri yacu buri munsi kugira ngo tugire ubuzima bwiza kandi tugire ubuzima bwiza. Iyi gahunda yo gupfa kw'uturemangingo ntabwo ifasha gusa ubuzima bwacu ahubwo inafasha no kwirinda indwara.

Niba waranduye indwara ya apoptosis, ganira na muganga wawe kuri iyo ndwara kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza, uko ikugiraho ingaruka, ndetse n'uburyo bwo kuyivura.

Wibuke ko kumenya ibintu nk'ibi bizagufasha cyane mu gufata ibyemezo ku buzima bwawe.

Apoptosis , urupfu rw'uturemangingo, urupfu rw'uturemangingo rwateguwe, imikorere y'umubiri, ubuzima, indwara, kanseri