Imikino Olempike ishobora kuba ari myiza inyuma, ariko se ni iki kirimo kuba ku buzima rusange? (Imikino Olempike n'Ubuzima Rusange)

Iyo dutekereje ku mikino Olempike, dutekereza ku bakinnyi beza ku isi, ibibuga byakozwe neza, n'ibirori byinshi, si byo se? Ni igikorwa twese dutegereje, igihe isi izaba ihuriye hamwe. Ariko se wigeze utekereza ku ngaruka ibi bishobora kugira ku bantu basanzwe bo mu mujyi iki gikorwa gikomeye kirimo kuberamo? Mu by'ukuri, ku mujyi wakira imikino Olempike, ibi bishobora kuba atari ikintu cyiza muri byose. Rimwe na rimwe, inyuma y'ubu bwiza, hari uruhande rwihishe ntawe uvugaho, rugira ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu. Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi.

Bizagenda bite ku buvuzi?

Watangazwa no gutekereza ku giciro cyo kwakira imikino Olempike. Ni amafaranga menshi cyane. Urugero, imikino Olempike y'itumba yabereye i Sochi mu Burusiya mu 2014, yatwaye hafi miliyari 50 z'amadolari. Iyo ukoresheje amafaranga menshi ku kintu kimwe, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rw'ubuzima rw'igihugu, cyane cyane urw'abakire bake.

Nk’uko Diego Silva, umwarimu mukuru mu by’imyitwarire myiza muri Kaminuza ya Sydney abivuga, “Iyo ikintu kidasanzwe nk’imikino Olempike kigeze mu gihugu gifite gahunda y’ubuzima isanzwe igoranye, iyo gahunda ntishobora kubyihanganira.”

Urugero rwiza rw'ibi ni imikino Olempike yabereye i Rio de Janeiro mu 2016. Icyo gihe, Brezili yari isanzwe iri mu bibazo bikomeye by'ubukungu. Ibi byatumye serivisi zitangwa mu bitaro bya leta, mu mavuriro no mu byumba byita ku butabazi bwihuse (ETUs), ndetse hari n'ibindi bigo byafunzwe. Icyo gihe, itangazamakuru ryatangaje ko "abaturage ba Rio bari bategereje iminsi myinshi kugira ngo babagwe byihutirwa cyangwa bashyirwe mu cyumba cyita ku barwayi barembye. Ariko, abakinnyi bo mu mudugudu wa Olempike bahabwaga ubuvuzi bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru."

Ibyo ni ko bimeze no ku mikino Olempike ya Atene yo mu 2004. Ubugereki bwakoresheje hafi 5% by'umusaruro wabwo muri yo. Nyuma gato y'ibyo, igihugu cyagize ikibazo gikomeye cy'imyenda. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inkunga yaterwaga n'ibitaro bya leta yagabanyijweho arenga 50%. Muri iki gihe, sitade nyinshi za Olempike zubatswe kubera iyi mikino zarasizwe, ntacyo zimaze.

Ese wigeze utekereza ku byangiritse ku bidukikije?

Kwangirika kw'ibidukikije bikikije imikino Olempike si ikintu gisa n'aho ari gito. Ibi kandi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu. Byaravuzwe ko hakenewe litiro miliyoni 500 z'amazi kugira ngo hakorwe urubura rw'ubukorano mu mikino Olempike ya Beijing yo mu 2022. Mu gace kari gasanzwe gafite ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amazi, aya mazi yabonetse binyuze mu guhagarika amazi y'abahinzi n'abaturage muri rusange.

Mbere y’imikino Olempike ya Sochi, imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yatangaje ko umudugudu wa Akhshtyr wari umaze imyaka irenga itanu udafite amazi ahoraho kubera imirimo yo kubaka Olempike. Raporo ivuga ko "umukungugu mwinshi uva mu modoka z'ubwubatsi wangije bikomeye ubuzima bw'abantu, umutungo, amatungo n'ubuhinzi."

Ubuzima bw'abakozi bakora muri iyi mishinga minini y'ubwubatsi nabwo buri mu kaga. Igitutu cyo kurangiza imirimo ku gihe gisobanura ko ingamba zo kwirinda zikunze kwirengagizwa. Abakozi bagera kuri 70 bapfuye mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi i Sochi. 13 bapfuye mbere y'imikino ya Rio. Umukozi wubakaga sitade Olempike ya Tokyo yiyahuye nyuma yo gukora amasaha 190 y'inyongera mu kwezi. Byaremewe ku mugaragaro ko ari "urupfu ruterwa no gukora cyane."

Ingaruka ku buzima bw'abantu

Iyi ishobora kuba ari yo ngaruka zidakunze kuvugwaho cyane, ariko ni yo mbi cyane. Abaturage bo muri ako gace barimo kwirukanwa mu mazu yabo ku ngufu kugira ngo habeho inzira yo kubaka imikino Olempike. Hari igihe bibabaza cyane kumva iyi mibare.

Tekereza ububabare bw'abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bava mu ngo zabo, abaturanyi babo, n'imibereho yabo. Uku kwimurwa kw'abaturage kwagiye guherekezwa n'urugomo, ndetse bamwe bagafunga ababarwanya. Bamwe biyahuye, badashobora kwihanganira igitutu.

Akenshi bigira ingaruka ku bakene, amoko make n'abatishoboye. Ingero z'abantu bakunda kwitwa favelas i Rio, Romans mu birori bya Barcelona na Athens ni ingero. Iyo aba bantu bakuwe mu byabo ku ngufu mu buzima bwabo busanzwe, batakaza imibanire yabo n'uburyo bwo gushyigikirana. Ihungabana ryo mu mutwe rivamo rirababaje cyane.

Ese koko hari ibyago byo gukwirakwiza indwara zandura?

Kubera ko abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bateranira ahantu hamwe ku isi, hari ubwoba bw'uko indwara zandura zikwirakwira muri buri mikino Olempike. Ariko igitangaje ni uko nta ndwara zikomeye zagaragaye. Hari impungenge ku bijyanye na virusi ya Zika iterwa n'umubu mbere y'imikino ya Rio yo mu 2016, ariko nta barwayi bashya bagaragaye muri iyi mikino.

Imikino Olempike ya Tokyo na Beijing, yabereye mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya coronavirus (COVID-19), isa nkaho yatsinze iki kibazo neza. Komite Mpuzamahanga y'Imikino Olempike ivuga ko nta bimenyetso bigaragaza ko coronavirus yakwirakwiriye hagati y'abakinnyi n'abaturage bo muri ako gace. Ibi biterwa n'ingamba zigezweho zo kubungabunga ubuzima zikoreshwa mu mikino nk'iyi minini.

Ejo hazaza hazaba hameze gute?

None se ni iki cyakorwa kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka mbi zaterwa n'iyi mikino Olempike?

Ikintu cya mbere ni uguhitamo umujyi uzakira. Imikino Olempike igomba kwakira igihugu gifite ubukungu bukomeye gishobora kwihanganira ihungabana ry'ubukungu rishobora kubaho hagati y'umunsi itangazo ryatanzweho n'umunsi imikino izaba. Rio yatoranyijwe mu 2009. Ariko, igihe imikino yabagaho mu 2016, ubukungu bw'igihugu bwari bumaze kugabanuka. Kubwibyo, ndizera ko imijyi yatoranijwe nk'imijyi izakira imikino, nka Paris (2024), Milan (2026) na Los Angeles (2028), izashobora guhangana n'iki kibazo.

Hari ibindi bitekerezo bike:

• Kugabanya ubunini bw'iserukiramuco: Gukora iserukiramuco ku rwego ruto, aho gukora ku rwego runini nk'urwo.
• Kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage: Gukora ibirori mu mijyi myinshi, aho kugarukira ku mujyi umwe gusa.
• Umujyi uhoraho wakira imikino Olempike: Gukorera ahantu hamwe hahoraho, aho guhitamo umujyi mushya buri gihe. Ibi byakuraho kubakwa inyubako nshya, kwimura abantu, no kwangiza ibidukikije buri gihe.

Ibi bitekerezo si bishya. Nyuma y'uko imikino Olempike ya mbere igezweho ibereye mu 1896, Ubugereki bwasabye ko imikino Olempike yabera i Atene iteka ryose. Ariko siko byagenze. Ariko ubu, bitewe n'ibyangiritse bikomeye mu mibereho, ibidukikije, n'ubuzima byatewe n'imikino Olempike, ni cyo gihe cyo kongera gutekereza cyane.