Twese duhumeka buri munsi. Ariko ntituzi umubare w'ibintu biri mu kirere duhumeka tutabona. Ese wari uzi ko hari ubwoko bw'ibihumyo byitwa 'Aspergillus', bifite udukoko tugenda hirya no hino muri uyu mwuka? Ubusanzwe, ibi ntibitera ikibazo ku muntu muzima, kuko ubwirinzi bw'umubiri wacu butabireka ngo byinjiremo. Ariko kuri bamwe, cyane cyane abafite indwara z'ibihaha cyangwa abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye, ibi bishobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye. Iyo ni yo ndwara tuvuga uyu munsi, yitwa 'Aspergillosis'.
Mu magambo make, Aspergillosis ni iki?
'Aspergillosis' ni indwara iterwa n'ubwoko bw'ibihumyo byitwa 'Aspergillus'. Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'ibihumyo. Ubu bwoko bw'ibihumyo bukunze kuboneka mu duce dukikije, cyane cyane ahantu nk'ubutaka, amababi yumye, n'ibirundo by'ifumbire mvaruganda. Hari igihe, ubu bwoko bw'ibihumyo bushobora gukurira ahantu hatose mu ngo, ndetse no mu byuma bitanga umwuka ushyushye (AC) bitarasukurwa neza.
Iyo duhumeka, utubuto tw’iyi mikorobe twinjira mu bihaha byacu binyuze mu mazuru yacu. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bw’umuntu muzima bumenya kandi bukarimbura aba bagizi ba nabi. Ariko hari imibiri y’abantu idashobora kubikora. Aha niho indwara yitwa 'Aspergillosis' ibaho. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’ingenzi bw’iyi mikorobe. Bumwe muri bwo busa n’ubwivumbure, ubundi bugakwirakwira mu bihaha gusa. Ariko ubwoko buteje akaga cyane ni 'Aspergillosis' ikwirakwira mu mubiri wose.
Abantu benshi bibaza niba iyi ari "umukara w'ikibuno." Oya, ni ubwoko butandukanye bw'ikibuno (Stachybotrys chartarum). Ariko byombi ni ubwoko bw'ikibuno kiboneka mu bidukikije kandi gishobora gutera bamwe kurwara.
Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara? Ni nde uri mu kaga?
Si buri wese urwara Aspergillosis. Hari amatsinda amwe y’abantu bashobora kurwara iyo bahuye n’iyi ndwara. Niba uri muri rimwe muri ayo matsinda, ni ngombwa cyane kwitonda cyane kuri ibi.
| Itsinda ry'ibyago | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Abantu bafite asima cyangwa izindi allergie | Ibihaha byabo n'inzira z'ubuhumekero biragaragara ko umuntu ashobora kumva. Iyo utubuto twa Aspergillus twinjiye, umubiri urabikora cyane. Ibi bishobora gutera indwara ya ubwivumbure yitwa Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) . |
| Abantu barwaye indwara y'ibihaha idakira | Abantu bahoze barwaye igituntu (TB) kandi bafite utwobo mu bihaha byabo, cyangwa abafite indwara nka COPD (Indwara y’ibihaha idakira), cyangwa Sarcoidosis, bafite uduce twangiritse mu bihaha byabo. Ibihumyo bya Aspergillus bishobora kwimuka byoroshye muri utwo twobo bigatera imbogamizi. Ibi byitwa Aspergilloma . |
| Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite imbaraga nyinshi | Iri ni ryo tsinda riteje akaga cyane kandi riri mu kaga. Kubera ko ubwirinzi bw'umubiri (abasirikare) budafite imbaraga, iki cyorezo gishobora kwinjira mu mubiri byoroshye, kikagera mu maraso kivuye mu bihaha, kigakwirakwira no mu zindi ngingo nk'ubwonko, impyiko n'umutima. Ibi byitwa Invasive Aspergillosis . Ingero z'ibi zirimo:
|
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?
Ibimenyetso bya aspergillosis biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ubwandu ndetse n'igice cy'umubiri cyafashwe. Akenshi bisa n'ibimenyetso by'indwara isanzwe y'ubuhumekero, bigatuma bigorana kuyisuzuma.
| Ubwoko bwa aspergillosis | Ibimenyetso bisanzwe |
|---|---|
| Ubwoko bw'indwara y'ubwivumbure (ABPA) |
|
| Ibihumyo (Aspergilloma) | |
| Aspergillosis yibasira |
Ese iyi ni indwara yandura?
Oya. `Aspergillosis` si indwara ishobora kwanduzwa umuntu umwe ijya ku wundi. Iterwa no guhumeka udukoko tw’ibihumyo turi mu bidukikije. Kubwibyo, ntushobora kwandura iyi ndwara ubaye hafi y’umuntu urwaye gusa.
Ni gute muganga asuzuma iyi ndwara?
Muganga wawe azakeka ibi akurikije ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe (urugero, waba urwaye asima cyangwa uri kuvurwa kanseri?). Bazakora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo bemeze ko ari indwara.
- Gupima mu gituza X-ray cyangwa CT scan: Ibi bishobora kureba ibimenyetso bidasanzwe, umwobo, cyangwa ikibyimba cyitwa "Aspergilloma" mu bihaha.
- Uburyo bwo kuvura amacandwe: Icyitegererezo cy'amacandwe yawe gifatwa kigapimwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo harebwe niba ikimera cya Aspergillus gikuriramo. Kinasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari uduce tw'udusimba mu macandwe.
- Gupima amaraso: Iyo hakekwa ubwoko bw’indwara, amaraso apimwa uturemangingo cyangwa antigens zihariye ku ibara rya Aspergillus. Ibi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma indwara vuba.
- Isuzuma ry’umubiri: Agace gato k’umubiri gakurwa mu bihaha cyangwa mu gace gakekwaho kwandura hanyuma kagasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe niba hari amashyira yatewe n’ibisebe.
- Ibizamini bya Allergie: Ikizamini cy'uruhu cyangwa ikizamini cy'amaraso gishobora kugaragaza niba umubiri wawe ufite ubwivumbure bwa Aspergillus.
Uburyo bwo kuvura ni ubuhe? Ese ibi bishobora kuvurwa?
Uburyo bwo kuvura aspergillosis buterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite, ubukana bwayo, ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.
1. Imiti irwanya imiyoboro
Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura. Iyi miti ikora mu gusenya udukoko turi mu mubiri. Ibiyobyabwenge nka `Voriconazole`, `Isavuconazole`, `Amphotericin B` bikunze gukoreshwa kuri ibi. Bimwe muri ibi bitangwa nk'ibinini byo gufata, ibindi bigaterwa nk'inshinge mu mitsi irimo saline. Igihe cyo kuvura gishobora kuva ku byumweru bike kugeza ku mezi menshi, cyangwa ndetse n'ubuzima bwose.
2. Imiti ya steroid (Corticosteroids)
Iyi miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya rhinitis (ABPA) . Aho kwica imyumbati, iyi miti igenzura ububyimbirwe bukabije n'ingaruka za ubwivumbure ziterwa n'imyumbati mu mubiri. Ibinini nka 'Prednisolone' biratangwa kuri ibi.
3. Kubagwa
Iyo hari agahu kamwe k'ibihumyo (`Aspergilloma`) mu bihaha kandi kagatera ingorane nko kuva amaraso kenshi, hakorwa operasiyo kugira ngo ibihaha byose birimo agahu bikureho. Ibi bishobora gukiza burundu indwara.
Igikuru ni ugufata umuti muganga wawe yakwandikiye neza mu gihe cyose. Iyo uhagaritse gufata umuti hagati, indwara ishobora kugaruka.
Ni gute wakwirinda iyi ndwara?
Ibihumyo bya Aspergillus birakunze kugaragara mu bidukikije, bityo ntibishoboka kubyirinda 100%. Ariko niba uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bashobora kwandura indwara, hari ibintu ushobora gukora kugira ngo ugabanye kwandura:
- Irinde ahantu harimo ivumbi: Irinde ahantu ho kubaka, aho gusenya, n'imihanda irimo ivumbi uko bishoboka kose.
- Witondere ubuhinzi: Ibikorwa nko gucukura ubutaka, gukora imirundo y'ifumbire mvaruganda, no guca ubwatsi bishobora kurekura udukoko tw'ibihumyo mu kirere. Niba ukora ubu bwoko bw'imirimo, menya neza ko wambaye agapfukamunwa keza ka N95 .
- Genzura ubushuhe mu nzu yawe: Niba hari ahantu hatose mu nzu yawe cyangwa ahantu hameze nk'ibihumyo ku nkuta, bikosore vuba. Menya neza ko ahantu nk'ubwiherero n'igikoni hari umwuka uhagije.
- Komeza utwuma dukonjesha (AC) n'utwuma dusukuye: Utwo twuma dukunda kwandura ibihumyo, bityo ujye ubikora buri gihe ukurikije amabwiriza y'uwabikoze.
Ni ryari nkwiye kujya kwa muganga? Ni ryari nkwiye kujya muri ETU?
Niba uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bashobora kwandura iyi ndwara ryavuzwe haruguru, kandi ukagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibihaha (inkorora, guhumeka bigoranye, umuriro),Shaka muganga wawe ako kanya.
Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso by'umuburo bikurikira, jya ku bitaro bikuru byita ku barwayi ba ETU (ETU) biri hafi yawe vuba.
- Umuriro mwinshi cyane (uri hejuru ya 103 Fahrenheit/40 Selisiyusi)
- Guhumeka nabi cyane
- Kuva amaraso menshi iyo urimo gukorora
- Kutamenya aho ibintu biherereye, urujijo , cyangwa impinduka mu myitwarire
- Indwara zo mu mutwe
- Ibara ry'ubururu ku minwa cyangwa uruhu (iki ni ikimenyetso cy'uko umwuka wa ogisijeni ubuze mu maraso - `Cyanosis`)
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- 'Aspergillus' ni ubwoko bw'ibihumyo bikunze kugaragara mu bidukikije. Akenshi ntabwo byangiza abantu bazima.
- Ingaruka ni nyinshi ku bafite indwara z'ibihaha (assima, COPD) n'abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye (abarwayi ba kanseri, abahabwa izindi ngingo).
- Ibimenyetso bishobora gusa n'iby'indwara zisanzwe zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, bityo niba uri mu itsinda ry'abantu bashobora kwandura iyi ndwara, menya ibimenyetso byayo.
- Iyi ndwara ntabwo yandurira mu muntu umwe ijya mu wundi.
- Hari uburyo bwo kuvura bukora neza. Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare no kuyivura neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya muganga bishobora gufasha mu kugenzura no gukiza indwara.
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Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha
Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.