Reka twige byose ku bijyanye no gutera uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo mu buryo bworoshye.

Ushobora kuba warumvise iby’uburyo bwo gutera uturemangingo. Mu by’ukuri ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe. Ariko bifata igihe kugira ngo umuntu akire neza. Ese twavuga kuri ibi mu buryo burambuye, nk’aho turimo kuvugana n’inshuti?

Uturemangingo tw’inyuma (Stem cells) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, uturemangingo tw’inyuma ni ubwoko bwihariye bw’uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu. Utwo turemangingo dufite ubushobozi butangaje bwo gukura tukavamo ubwoko butandukanye bw’uturemangingo. Uturemangingo tw’inyuma tuvuga muri ubu buryo bwo gutera uturemangingo tw’inyuma ni two tubyara uturemangingo tw’ingenzi mu maraso yacu. Ni ukuvuga:

• Uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso: Utwo ni two dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose.
• Uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Utwo turemangingo turaturinda turwanya mikorobe n'indwara zinjira mu mibiri yacu.
• Platelets: Izi ni zo zifasha kubumba amaraso iyo habayeho igikomere.

Tekereza nk'aho utwo turemangingo tw'umubiri tumeze nk'agace k'ibumba gashobora gukorwamo ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Bitewe n'ibikenewe, dushobora gukoreshwa mu gukora uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo tw'umweru tw'amaraso, cyangwa uduce duto tw'amaraso.

Kuki ibyo bikorwa byo gutera uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo?

Noneho, reka turebe mu bihe ibi byo gutera uturemangingo tw’umubiri bishobora gufasha. Iki si ikintu gikorerwa indwara zose, ariko mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye, iki ni cyo gisubizo cyiza.

• Ku bantu bafite indwara zikomeye ziterwa n'amaraso: Urugero, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa leukemia, buterwa n'uko umwongo w'amagufwa udakora neza.
• Ku bantu bafite ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri: Kanseri nka Lymphoma cyangwa Multiple Myeloma.
• Ku bafite ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwabo burakomeye cyane ku buryo imibiri yabo idashobora kurwanya indwara.
• Ku bantu bafite indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri: Urugero, mu ndwara nka lupus, iyo uturemangingo tw’umubiri twibasira umubiri.
• Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bugira akamaro cyane ku zindi ndwara z’amaraso umuntu avukana: Thalassemia cyangwa Sickle Cell Disease.

Ni hehe twakura izi selile z’ingirabuzimafatizo?

Noneho, ushobora kuba wibaza aho tuvana izi selile z'agaciro. Hari ahantu hatatu h'ingenzi abaganga bashobora kubona izi selile:

1. Ifu y'amagufwa: Ubu buryo ni bwo buzwi cyane. Ubu bukunze kwitwa 'Gutera Ifu y'amagufwa'. Ifu y'amagufwa ni igice cyoroshye kandi gifite imiyoboro kiri mu magufwa yacu manini. Niho uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukorerwa.

2. Binyuze mu maraso: Mu gutanga imiti yihariye, uturemangingo tw’umusemburo duturuka mu igufwa dushobora kurekurwa tujya mu maraso, hanyuma utwo turemangingo tugakusanywa binyuze mu mashini isa n’itangwa ry’amaraso risanzwe. Ibi byitwa icyegeranyo cya PBSC (Peripheral Blood Stem Cell).

3.Amaraso y'umuyoboro w'inkondo: Nyuma y'uko umwana avutse, iyo umuyoboro w'inkondo uvanyweho, amaraso asigaye aba arimo utwo turemangingo tw'agaciro. Utwo turemangingo dushobora gukusanywa no gukoreshwa n'umuntu ubikeneye.

Muri ubu buryo, umuntu uha uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo twita 'umutanga' . Icy'ingenzi cyane ni uko mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe, umuntu urwaye indwara ashobora no kuba umutanga we ubwe. Ni ukuvuga ko uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo ze bwite dufatwa mbere yuko indwara itangira kuvurwa, tugakonjeshwa, hanyuma tugasubizwa kuri we igihe bibaye ngombwa. Ibi byitwa 'Autologous Transplant' .

Ariko akenshi, hari undi muntu utanga izi selile. Ibi byitwa 'Allogeneic Transplant' . Iyo uturemangingo tw’umubiri dufashwe n’undi muntu, imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’utwo turemangingo, cyane cyane ibimenyetso bya HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen), bigomba kuba bisa cyane. Mu magambo make, buri turemangingo two mu mubiri wacu tuba dufite ikarita nto y’indangamuntu. Izi karita ebyiri z’indangamuntu zigomba kuba zisa cyane, bitabaye ibyo umubiri ntuzemera uturemangingo dushya. Ubusanzwe, umuvandimwe w’umwana ni we uhuye neza. Hari igihe, umuntu uhuye ashobora kuboneka ku mubyeyi cyangwa ku muntu udafite aho ahuriye. Hariho ububiko bunini bw’amakuru (ububiko) kugira ngo ubone abaterankunga bahuye.

Bigenda bite iyo umuterankunga uhuye atabonetse?

Tekereza, niba uturemangingo tw’umuterankunga tudahuye neza (rimwe na rimwe nubwo twaba duhuye neza, ibi bibazo bishobora kubaho ku rugero runini cyangwa ruto), ibibazo bibiri by’ingenzi bishobora kuvuka:

1. Kwangwa: Iki ni cyo gihe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bw'umurwayi bwibasira uturemangingo dushya twatewe. Yibwira ati: "Utu turemangingo si utw'iwacu, ni nk'abajura b'abanyamahanga," maze ikagerageza kutwica. Ibi birindwa n'imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

2. Indwara ya Graft-versus-Host (GVHD): Ibi ni ibinyuranye. Uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umuntu utanga imiti mishya (cyane cyane T-lymphocytes) dutangira kwibasira uturemangingo tuzima mu mubiri w’umurwayi, tukibwira tuti “Uyu mubiri si uwacu.” Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bice nk’uruhu, umwijima n’amara. Hari imiti yo kubirwanya.

Ni gute iyi gahunda yo gutera uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo ibaho?

Noneho reka turebe uko iyi gahunda yo gutera urubyaro. Ni intambwe nyinshi.

1. Imyiteguro:

Mbere yo gutera uturemangingo tw’umubiri, abaganga bashyiramo ikintu cyitwa 'umurongo wo hagati', cyangwa 'catheter yo hagati mu mitsi' . Ibi bimeze nk'umurongo munini, wihariye wa IV (ushyirwa mu mitsi). Ushyirwa mu mutsi munini hafi y'umutima, munsi y'uruhu mu ijosi, mu gituza, cyangwa mu nda. Uyu murongo wo hagati ushobora gusigara aho uri igihe kirekire kuruta IV isanzwe. Ibi byorohereza abaganga n'abaforomo kuguha imiti, gufata amaraso, no kuguha uturemangingo twatewe. Ntabwo ukeneye guterwa inshinge kenshi.

2. Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara yo mu mutwe:

Gutera uturemangingo tw’inyuma bikorerwa mu cyumba cyihariye mu bitaro. Ubwa mbere, umuntu ugiye kwakira uturemangingo tw’inyuma (uwahawe uturemangingo) ahabwa doze nyinshi za chimiotherapie cyangwa imirasire mu gihe cy’iminsi myinshi. Ibi byitwa ubuvuzi bwo kuvura indwara. Ibi bikorwa kubera impamvu ebyiri z’ingenzi:

• Senya uturemangingo twangiza kandi twangiza (urugero: uturemangingo twa kanseri, uturemangingo tw’umusemburo tudakora neza) dutera indwara.
• Guca intege ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri we kugira ngo uturemangingo dushya twatanzwe tubashe guterwa neza tudahakanye.

3. Gutera uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo:

Nyuma yo kuvura, nyuma y'umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri yo kuruhuka, uturemangingo tw'umubiri tw'uwatanze amaraso twinjizwa mu murwayi binyuze mu murongo wo hagati (nk'uko umuntu atanga amaraso). Iki ni igikorwa kimara amasaha menshi. Utwo turemangingo tunyura mu maraso tugatura mu musemburo w'amagufwa, aho dutangira gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dushya kandi dufite ubuzima bwiza.

Bigenda bite nyuma yo gutera igitsina?

Nyuma y'uko umuntu atewe uturemangingo tw’amaraso, bifata igihe kugira ngo umubiri we ukore uturemangingo dushya dutukura, uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera, na plaquettes. Ubusanzwe bifata ibyumweru 2-4 kugira ngo uturemangingo dushya dutangire gukora. Muri iki gihe, ibyago byo kwandura, kuva amaraso, n'ibindi bibazo biba byinshi cyane. Ibi biterwa nuko umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso uba uri hasi cyane mu gihe uturemangingo tw'amaraso dushaje turimo kwangirika n'utundi dushya turimo gukorwa.

Abantu benshi bamara mu cyumba cyihariye mu bitaro mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 3 kugeza kuri 5 (cyangwa birengaho) nyuma yo guterwa inshinge. Muri iki gihe, itsinda ry'abaganga riritondera ibi bikurikira:

• Ibizamini by'amaraso bikorwa buri munsi kugira ngo harebwe niba uturemangingo dushya tw'amaraso turimo gukorwa duturutse ku turemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo twatewe.
• Imiti itangwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangwa no kwangwa indwara ya Graft-versus-Host (GVHD).
• Imiti nka antibiyotike, imiti irwanya icyorezo, n'imiti irwanya icyorezo iratangwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura.
• Iyo bibaye ngombwa, uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso na plaquettes bitangwa hanze (guterwa amaraso).
• Igenzura niba ingingo nk'umwijima n'impyiko bikora neza.
• Ibibazo byose nko kubabara mu kanwa, kuruka, impiswi, kwandura indwara, kuva amaraso, kwangwa, cyangwa GVHD bivurwa vuba.
• Menya neza ko umurwayi ahabwa indyo yuzuye. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo konsa imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa indyo yuzuye y'ababyeyi (TPN).
• Umuntu wese uza kwa muganga asuzumwa kugira ngo arebe neza ko akurikiza amategeko yo kwirinda kwandura. Ibyo bivuze ko:
• Nta muntu n'umwe ufite indwara iyo ari yo yose (ndetse n'ibicurane) ushobora kuza kureba umurwayi.
• Buri wese agomba gukaraba intoki neza mbere yo kwinjira mu cyumba.
• Buri wese agomba kwambara agapfukamunwa, uturindantoki, n'ikanzu.

Ni gute ababyeyi (niba ari abana) bashobora gufasha?

Nyuma y'uko umwana atewe uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo,Bifata amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12, cyangwa se arengaho, kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukire neza. Kugeza icyo gihe, n'ubwandu buto bushobora kugorana cyane ku bana. Ndetse n'ibicurane bishobora guteza akaga. Dore bimwe mu bintu wakora kugira ngo ufashe umwana wawe kurinda ubwandu:

• Umwana wawe, abagize umuryango wawe, n'abashyitsi (bemerewe gusura) bagomba gukaraba intoki zabo neza kandi kenshi bakoresheje isabune irwanya udukoko cyangwa umuti wica udukoko. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi.
• Ntukazane umuntu urwaye hafi y'umwana.
• Oga umwana wawe buri munsi ukoresheje shampoo n'isabune yoroheje. Komeza uruhu rwawe rusukuye.
• Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga neza:
• Ni ryari umwana ashobora kujya ku ishuri cyangwa ahandi hantu hahurira abantu benshi (ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, sinema, amaduka menshi).
• Ni ryari umwana agomba kwambara agapfukamunwa iyo agiye gusohoka?
• Ni ibihe biribwa byiza ku mwana n'ibiryo bibi ku mwana (urugero: salade mbisi, inyama zidatetse neza n'amafi).
• Ese umwana ashobora kuba hafi y'amatungo akayakoraho?

Ni iki kindi tugomba kumenya?

Abana benshi (n'abantu bakuru) barakira nyuma yo guterwa uturemangingo tw'umubiri. Ariko, igihe bamara mu bitaro n'igihe bamara bakira mu rugo bishobora kuba imbogamizi ku murwayi no ku muryango we, haba mu mutwe no ku mubiri.

"Ntugerageze gukora uru rugendo wenyine. Saba ubufasha."

Shaka ubufasha ku bandi bagize umuryango wawe, inshuti, itsinda ry'abaganga bawe, umujyanama, cyangwa umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage. Ushobora kwita ku murwayi wawe neza gusa (cyangwa umwana, niba ari umwana) iyo witayeho neza.

Kugira ngo ufashe umurwayi wawe gukira no kugira ubuzima bwiza, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Komeza kujya kwa muganga mu gihe cyose ugiye kwivuza kandi utange imiti yawe ku gihe.
• Fasha kandi utere inkunga umurwayi mu gihe cy'impinduka z'umubiri (urugero: gutakaza umusatsi, umunaniro, impinduka z'uruhu) zishobora guterwa na chimiotherapie cyangwa imirasire.
• Bafashe guhangana n'irungu n'ubwigunge biva mu kuba kure y'inshuti n'umuryango mu gihe cyo gukira. Bahe amahirwe yo kuganira, ndetse no mu guhamagara kuri videwo.
• Baza umurwayi niba yifuza kuvugana n'umujyanama cyangwa umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza kugira ngo amufashe guhangana n'ibyiyumvo nk'agahinda, ubwoba, n'uburakari bishobora kuvuka mu gihe cyo gukira.
• Fasha umurwayi (cyane cyane umwana) gushyiraho gahunda yoroshye ya buri munsi irimo imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje (niba byemewe na muganga), amafunguro mu masaha asanzwe, n'ibikorwa akunda gukora, nko gukina, gusoma no gushushanya.

Ni ryari tugomba kubonana na muganga vuba?

Hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe iyo ugarutse mu rugo nyuma yo guterwa inshinge. Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikurikira:Ugomba guhamagara muganga ako kanya, nta gutinda n'umunota umwe, bitabaye ibyo ugomba kujyanwa kwa muganga:

• Niba ubushyuhe buri kuri 38.0°C (100.4°F) cyangwa hejuru yayo iyo uyirebye uturutse mu kanwa (iki ni cyo kimenyetso giteje akaga cyane).
• Niba ufite izuru riva, inkorora, igituza kidakora neza, cyangwa ufite ingorane zo guhumeka.
• Iyo kuruka cyangwa impiswi bikomeje.
• Niba urimo kwiyahura n'umwijima, wituma amabyi (ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyo kuva amaraso mu mara).
• Niba ukomeretse byoroshye cyangwa uva amaraso adashira (urugero: mu mazuru cyangwa mu ishinya).
• Iyo hari amaraso mu nkari, cyangwa niba ibara ry'inkari ryarahindutse.
• Niba ufite umutwe ukomeye, isereri, cyangwa utabona neza.
• Nta kibazo gukorora amaraso, ariko niba udashobora kugenzura kuva amaraso mu mazuru mu minota mike,
• Iyo hagaragaye ikintu gishya ku mubiri, urugero nk'uduheri.

Hanyuma, hari ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka

Rero, gutera uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo bishobora kuba uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomeye. Ariko ni igikorwa gikomeye, kandi gukira bifata igihe, kwihangana, no kwitanga. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugukurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga neza, guha umurwayi (niba ari umwana, umwana) urukundo, urukundo, n'inkunga idasubirwaho, cyane cyane kumurinda kwandura indwara.

Wibuke ko wowe n'umurwayi wawe mutari mwenyine muri uru rugendo rugoye! Itsinda ry'abaganga, umuryango, n'inshuti mwese muri kumwe. Niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa gushidikanya, uko byaba bingana kose, ntutinye kubaza itsinda ry'abaganga. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.

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