Ese nawe ufite ikibazo cyo kumva amajwi? Reka tuvuge ku kibazo cyo kumva (APD)!

Ese ibi bikubaho rimwe na rimwe? Hari umuntu uvuga ikintu, kandi ukumva neza. Ariko bifata igihe kugira ngo wumve neza icyo yavuze. Cyangwa, birakugora kumva umuntu avuga neza ahantu hari urusaku? Wenda ibi si impanuka gusa. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara nk'iyo, ari yo ndwara yo kumva, cyangwa nk'uko byitwa mu Cyongereza `(Auditory Processing Disorder - APD)`.

Indwara yo gutunganya amatwi (APD) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ikibazo cyo kumva (APD) ni indwara ituma amatwi yacu yumva amajwi, ariko bifata igihe kirekire kugira ngo ayo majwi, cyane cyane amagambo avugwa, agere mu bwonko bwacu kandi atunganywe . Tekereza ko amatwi yawe ameze nk'indangururamajwi, yumva amajwi yose. Ariko hari gutinda gato cyangwa ingorane mu kugeza ayo majwi kuri mudasobwa mu bwonko bwawe, aho ivuga iti: "Oh... ibi ni byo bisobanura."

Igikuru ni uko umuntu urwaye APD atagira ikibazo cyo kumva . Ashobora kumva amajwi neza. Ariko ikibazo kiri mu nzira yo gusobanukirwa ibyo yumva mu bwonko bwe. Ni nk'iradiyo ikora neza, ikimenyetso kirimo kiraza, ariko ijwi ntirisobanutse neza kuko hari ikibazo kiri mu ndangururamajwi. Nanone, abantu bafite iyi ndwara bashobora guhitamo kwigira ku bintu biboneka, ni ukuvuga ku bintu babona (abiga amashusho) .

Ubusanzwe APD ikunze gupimwa mu bwana . Ariko, ishobora no kugaragara ku bantu bakuru. Nta muti wayo uhari, ariko hari uburyo bwo kuvura butangwa n'abaganga b'amatwi n'abandi bahanga kugira ngo bufashe mu guhangana n'ibimenyetso. Irindi zina ry'iyi ndwara ni "Central Processing Disorder".

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa APD?

Yego, APD ntigira ingaruka ku bantu bose kimwe. Hari ubwoko butandukanye. Reka turebe bumwe mu bwoko bw'ingenzi:

1. Kugorwa no kumenya amagambo (Gusobanura amagambo)

Icyo bibaho ni uko wumva amajwi, ariko ubwonko bwawe bukagira ikibazo cyo kuyasobanura nk'amagambo. Urugero, iyo umuntu akubwiye "intebe", wumva ijwi, ariko bifata igihe kugira ngo ubwonko bwawe bumenye ko ari ijambo "intebe," cyangwa burayoberana. Ibi bishobora kuba bibi kurushaho iyo uvuga vuba.

2. Kunanirwa kumva mu gihe cy'imirimo myinshi (Guhuza)

Muri ubu bwoko, iyo urimo kumva ikintu mu gihe ukora ikindi kintu, biragorana cyane. Urugero, kwandika inyandiko mu gihe urimo kumva umwarimu ku ishuri bishobora kuba ingorabahizi kuko bigora ubwonko kwakira amakuru menshi icyarimwe, kuyahuza no kuyasobanukirwa.

3. Kugorwa no kwibuka amakuru mu buryo buteguye (Uburyo bwo gushyira hamwe amakuru)

Ibi bivuze ko bishobora kugorana kwibuka no gushyira mu bikorwa amakuru wumvise, cyane cyane iyo atanzwe mu buryo runaka. Urugero, niba umuntu akubwira ngo "banza ukingure urugi, hanyuma ucane itara, hanyuma ucane umufana," amabwiriza ashobora gutera urujijo.

4. Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ijwi n'impinduka mu ijwi (Prosodic)

Muri iki gihe, biragoye kumva ibintu nk'ijwi ry'umuntu iyo avuga, uburyo ijwi rye rizamuka n'iry'imanuka, aho ahagarara, n'aho ahangayikishijwe. Urugero, iyo umuntu abajije ikibazo, ushobora kudashobora kumva ijwi rye. Ibi bituma bigorana kumva niba ari ikibazo cyangwa ari imvugo gusa. Hari igihe bishobora kugorana kumva urwenya.

Ushobora kuba ufite ubwoko bumwe muri ubu, cyangwa ushobora kuba ufite ubwoko butandukanye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya APD?

Ibimenyetso bya APD bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi, ariko dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Kugorwa no gukurikiza amabwiriza mu magambo: Kugorwa no gukurikiza amabwiriza mu buryo bukurikiranye, cyane cyane iyo ahawe amabwiriza menshi icyarimwe.
• Kugorwa no kuganira ndende cyangwa kuganira ahantu hahurira urusaku: Uko urusaku rugenda rwiyongera, ni ko birushaho kugorana kumva icyo umuntu avuga.
• Ingorane mu gusoma, kwandika no kwandika muri rusange: kuko ibi byose bisaba ubushobozi bwo kumva neza ururimi.
• Kugorwa no gusubiza ako kanya iyo uvuga: Bifata igihe kugira ngo utekereze, wumve, kandi usubize.
• Kugorwa no gutandukanya amagambo asa: Urugero, amagambo nka "reba" na "imbwa" ashobora kwitiranywa.
• Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa iyo uvuga vuba: Kugorwa no kumva amagambo.
• Kuba umuntu yumva cyane amajwi amwe n'amwe: Hari abantu bashobora kumva ko n'amajwi mato ari yo avuga cyane.
• Kuryoherwa n'umuziki, bikugora gukomeza umuvuduko.
• Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa iyo uganira kuri telefoni.
• Bahora babaza ibintu nka "Wavuze iki?" "Ongera uvuge ibyo."

Wibuke ko kugira kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso bidasobanura ko ufite APD. Ariko, niba ufite bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera APD?

Biragoye kumenya impamvu imwe itera APD, ariko hari ibintu byinshi byagaragaye bishobora kuyitera:

• Indwara z'imitsi yo hagati: APD ishobora guterwa n'indwara nka `(Stroke)` (paralysis), `(Epilepsy)` (igicuri), `(Multiple Sclerosis - MS)`, cyangwa `(Alzheimer's disease)`.
• Indwara zo mu matwi zikunze kugaragara:Iyo indwara zo mu matwi zikunze kugaragara, cyane cyane mu bwana, zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'amatwi no gutera APD mu gihe cy'ubuzima.
• Inkomoko y'uturemangingo: Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite iyi ndwara, hari amahirwe make ko nawe uzayirwara.
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe: Kwangirika k'ubwonko bishobora kubangamira uburyo bwo gutunganya amajwi.
• Kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike cyangwa umwana utagejeje igihe: Hari kandi ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya APD muri ibi bihe.
• Indwara zo mu bwonko zihindagurika: Urugero, APD ishobora kubaho hamwe n'indwara nka ``ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)`` cyangwa ``Autism Spectrum Disorder``.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na APD?

Kubera ko umuntu urwaye APD agorana kuvugana n'abandi, ibi bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwe bwo mu mutwe uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibintu nk'isoni , gutinya kwigunga mu muryango, no kutiyubaha bishobora kubaho. Ibi bishobora no gutera ibibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe nko guhangayika no kwiheba . Kubwibyo, niba umeze utyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenyesha muganga wawe cyangwa uwo ukunda.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma indwara ya APD?

Kugira ngo umuganga amenye neza niba ufite APD, azakenera gukora ibizamini byinshi. Ibi biterwa nuko ibimenyetso bya APD bishobora gusa n'iby'izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe.

• Ibizamini byo gutunganya amajwi: Ibi ni byo bizamini by'ingenzi cyane. Muri ibi, ubushobozi bw'ubwonko bwawe bwo kumva no gutunganya amajwi bupimirwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye.
• Ibizamini byo kumva: Ubwa mbere, basuzuma ibibazo byo kumva. Kumva ni ibisanzwe muri APD.
• Ibizamini by'ururimi: Reba izindi ntege nke mu kumva cyangwa gusobanura ururimi.
• Ibizamini byo mu mutwe: Ibi bizamini bifasha kumenya izindi ndwara nka ADHD.

Ibi bizamini akenshi bikorwa n'inzobere mu by'amatwi , bakaba ari abahanga muri uru rwego.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura APD?

Nubwo nta muti wuzuye wa APD uhari, hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura no kuvura bushobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso no koroshya ubuzima bwa buri munsi.

• Gukora impinduka mu bidukikije:
• Urugero, mu ishuri, kwicara mu ntebe y'imbere bigufasha kumva icyo mwarimu avuga neza.
• Gukoresha ahantu hatuje kandi hatarangwa urusaku rwinshi mu kwiga no kuganira.
• Iyo uvuze ikintu cy'ingenzi, kureba isura y'umuntu uvuga bifasha gusobanukirwa.

• Ubuvuzi bwihariye bwo kuvuga no kumva:
• Muri ibi, imyitozo n'ibikorwa bitandukanye bikorwa kugira ngo habeho ubuhanga bwo kumva.
• Urugero, batojwe gutandukanya amajwi atandukanye, kumenya icyerekezo cy'ijwi, no kunoza kwibuka kwabo. Iyi ni inshingano z'abahanga mu by'indwara z'ururimi - SLPs (abahanga mu by'amajwi) na `(abahanga mu by'amajwi)`.

• Gukoresha ingamba zo guhangana n'ikibazo:
• Niba ari ikiganiro cy'ingenzi, ushobora gukoresha igikoresho gifata amajwi hanyuma ukongera kucyumva nyuma.
• Mu gutanga amabwiriza, ushobora kuyasaba kuba magufi, asobanutse neza, kandi agatangwa rimwe ku rindi .
• Niba utabyumva, ntutinye kongera kubaza .
• Koresha ibikoresho by'ishusho uko bishoboka kose.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ukeka ko wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite APD, jya kwa muganga vuba . Hari izindi ndwara zishobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa na APD. Kubona isuzuma nyaryo ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye. Nta kintu cyo gutinya cyangwa isoni.

Ni nde uvura indwara ya APD?

Kuvura APD bishobora gusaba ubufasha bw'abatanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi batandukanye, barimo:

• Abaganga b'amatwi: Bagira uruhare runini mu gusuzuma indwara ya APD no gutanga amahugurwa yo kumva.
• Abaganga b'indwara z'amatwi (ENTs): Bashobora gusuzuma izindi ndwara z'amatwi no gutanga ubuvuzi bukenewe.
• Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze: Bashobora gutanga inama no kuvura ihungabana n'imihangayiko biterwa na APD.
• Abahanga mu by'indwara z'ururimi (SLPs): Bavura indwara z'ururimi, nko kugorwa no kumva amagambo, kandi bagafasha kunoza ubuhanga bwo kuvugana.

Ni iki nkwiye kwitega mu gihe mfite APD?

APD igira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye , bityo rero ni ngombwa kubanza gusobanukirwa uburyo APD ikugiraho ingaruka.

Abana n'abantu bakuru bashobora kungukirwa n'ubuvuzi bwa APD kugira ngo bufashe mu guhangana n'ibimenyetso byabo. Abana, cyane cyane, bashobora kubona impinduka mu bimenyetso byabo uko bagenda bakura . Ubu bushobozi bushobora kwiyongera uko ubwonko bwabo bukura. Ariko, iyo habayeho ubuvuzi n'ubufasha bikwiye, nta kintu na kimwe cyabuza umuntu urwaye APD kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije.

Ese APD ni ubwoko bwa autisme?

Oya, APD ntabwo ari kimwe mu bigize ``Autism Spectrum Disorder``.. Izi ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe indwara zombi zishobora kubaho ku muntu umwe. Urugero, umwana ufite autisme ashobora kugira ingorane mu itumanaho, ibyo bikaba byakongera ibimenyetso bya APD.

Ku muntu urwaye APD, kuganira no kuvugana n'abandi rimwe na rimwe bishobora kunaniza cyane, cyangwa se bigatera isoni. Kubera ko ubwonko bwawe bugomba gukora cyane kurusha abandi kugira ngo wumve amagambo wumva. Bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo mu mutwe. Niba warigeze guhura n'ikintu nk'iki, vugana na muganga kuri byo. Bashobora kuguha ubufasha ukeneye n'ubuyobozi ukeneye kugira ngo ubeho neza muri iki kibazo.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo

• APD si ikibazo cyo kumva, ahubwo ni intege nke mu bushobozi bw'ubwonko bwo gusobanukirwa (gutunganya) ibyo wumvise .
• Ibi bishobora kubaho mu bwana ndetse no mu myaka y'ubukure .
• Ibimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku giti cye. Kugorwa no gusobanukirwa ibivugwa, cyane cyane ahantu harangwa urusaku, ni cyo kibazo nyamukuru .
• Ni ingenzi cyane gusuzuma indwara neza .
• Hariho uburyo bwo kuvura . Gutoza kumva, guhindura ibidukikije, no guhindura uburyo ukora ibintu bishobora gutanga ihumure rikomeye.
• Ntugatinye niba usanze ufite APD. Ufashijwe n'ubufasha bukwiye n'ubuyobozi, ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.
• Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, shaka ubufasha kwa muganga .

Twizeye ko aya makuru wayasanze ari ingirakamaro. Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi kuri ibi, tubibwire. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Indwara yo kumva, APD, kumva, ubwonko, itumanaho , indwara z'abana, uburyo bwo kuvura imvugo