Ese ibitaro bishobora kwandura indwara? (Indwara zifitanye isano n'ubuvuzi) Reka tumenye neza ibi!

Twese tujya mu bitaro cyangwa ivuriro kugira ngo tubone ubuvuzi bw'indwara runaka. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, tutabanje gutekereza, tujya kwivuza indwara imwe hanyuma indi ndwara nshya ikagera mu mubiri wacu. Iki ni ikibazo cyumvikana kandi giteye ubwoba abantu benshi. Uyu munsi rero turaganira kuri izi ndwara zandurira mu bitaro, abaganga bita `(Healthcare-Associated Infections - HAIs)` cyangwa `(Nosocomial Infections)`, kandi izi ni izi.

Izi "Indwara zifitanye isano n'ubuvuzi" ni izihe?

Muri make, ibi ni igihe ujya mu bitaro, ivuriro, cyangwa kubagwa kugira ngo uhabwe ubundi buvuzi, maze ukarwara indwara nshya mu gihe uri aho. Hari igihe izi ndwara zishobora kuba zoroshye, ariko rimwe na rimwe zishobora kuba indwara zikomeye, zishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga . Izi ndwara zishobora kubaho atari mu bitaro gusa, ahubwo no mu bice nk'ibigo by'inzobere mu kubaga, amavuriro ya dialysis, n'ibigo byita ku barwayi igihe kirekire.

Abaganga bazita ibi neza gusa HAI mu bihe nk'ibi:

• Iyo habayeho ubwandu nyuma y'amasaha 48 yo kwakirwa mu bitaro.
• Iyo habayeho ubwandu mu minsi 3 uhereye igihe wavuye mu bitaro cyangwa mu cyumba cyo kubaga ugataha .
• Iyo habayeho ubwandu mu minsi 30 uhereye igihe cyo kubagwa .

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kwandura ubwo bwoko bw'indwara, abafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budafite ubushobozi bwo kubyirinda baba bari mu kaga gakomeye. Ibi biterwa ahanini n'ubwoko bwa mikorobe (udukoko) tuba hafi yacu. Muri zo harimo:

• Bagiteri
• Virusi
• Ibihumyo `(Ibihumyo)`

Wibuke ko inyinshi muri izi ndwara zishobora kwirindwa. Ariko, abarwayi babarirwa muri za miriyoni n'abakozi bo mu rwego rw'ubuzima ku isi yose barandura iyi ndwara buri mwaka. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane ko abakozi b'ibitaro n'imiryango y'abarwayi bakorana kugira ngo bakemure iki kibazo.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'indwara zishobora kwandurira mu bitaro muri ubu buryo?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'indwara ziterwa n'ibitaro nk'izi. Impamvu zazo nazo ziratandukanye. Reka turebe iby'ingenzi.

Ubwandu bwa C. diff (Clostridioides difficile)

Iyi ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu bitaro. Itera ububabare mu gifu, impiswi, no kubyimba kw'amara (colitis). Hari abantu bashobora kongera kuyirwara mu byumweru bibiri kugeza ku munani nyuma yo kuyirwara.

Ubwicanyi buterwa n'imiyoboro y'inkari ikoreshwa na catheter (CAUTI)

Hafi 32% by'ubwandu bwose bwo mu bitaro ni ubwo bwoko. Ushobora kwibuka ko hari abantu bafite umuyoboro w'inkari ubashyira mu ruhago rwabo kugira ngo ubafashe gusohora inkari byoroshye, witwa catheter.Iyi ndwara yo mu nzira y'inkari ikunze kugaragara iyo uyifashe igihe kirekire.

Ubwandu bw'amaraso bufitanye isano n'umurongo wo hagati (CLABSI)

Indwara zandurira mu maraso zigize hafi 14% by'indwara zandurira mu bitaro. Izi ndwara zibaho ku bantu bafite umurongo wo hagati (catheter yo mu mitsi yo hagati). Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira umuyoboro mu mutsi munini wegereye umutima, gutanga imiti, no gufata amaraso nta n'udushinge dukoreshwa kenshi.

Ubwandu bwa MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus idashobora methicillin)

Iyi nayo ni HAI ikunze kugaragara cyane. Ni `(Staph infection)`, bivuze ko ari indwara iterwa na bagiteri yitwa Staphylococcus. Ariko umwihariko wayo ni uko irwanya imiti imwe n'imwe ikomeye nka penisiline, amoksilini, na methilini, bivuze ko bigoye kuyivura ukoresheje iyo miti.

Kwandura aho umuntu abagwa (SSI)

Hafi 22% by'indwara zose zo mu bitaro ni indwara ziterwa no kubagwa. Izi ndwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikomere byo mu incision gusa, ahubwo no ku ngingo n'ingingo ziri mu mubiri, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'ibikoresho (implants) nka pacemakers cyangwa ingingo z'ubukorano zashyizwe mu mubiri mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Tekereza, mu mudugudu duturanye, nyirarume wa Sumane yatashye nyuma yo kubagwa arwaye appendicitis, maze nyuma yo gutaha, igikomere cyarabyimbye maze biba ngombwa ko asubira mu bitaro. Uko ni ko bimeze.

Indwara y'umusonga ifitanye isano n'ibikoresho byo guhumeka (VAP)

Ibi kandi bingana na 15% by'ubwandu bwo mu bitaro. Iyi ndwara ibaho ku bantu bahabwa umwuka uhumekwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga . Ubu bwoko bwa pneumonia bubaho iyo mikorobe zinjiye mu bihaha zinyuze mu muyoboro w'umwuka uhumeka, ukoreshwa mu gufasha abantu guhumeka bonyine.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso ubwo bwoko bw'ubwandu butera?

Iyo umuntu yanduye indwara yanduriye mu bitaro, ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara. Ariko, dore ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kugaragara:

• Umuriro .
• Ubukonje ni ukumva ukonje kandi uhinda umushyitsi .
• Kugorwa no guhumeka , kumva ufunze mu gituza (dyspnea).
• Inkorora .
• Kubabara mu nda .
• Kumva nk'aho igituza cyawe kirimo gutera cyane (umutima utera cyane).
• Impiswi (gutembera nabi mu mara).
• Kunyara kenshi kurusha uko bisanzwe (polyuria).
• Gushya no kubabara iyo uri kunyara (dysuria).
• Impinduka mu miterere y'imitekerereze - gushyuha, kurakara, kumva utakaje ubwenge.

Kuki ubwoko bw'ubwandu bubera mu bitaro? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Izi ndwara ziterwa n'ibitaro zishobora guterwa n'udukoko dutandukanye (udukoko dutera indwara). Zimwe mu ngero zikunze kugaragara ni izi:

• Bagiteri zidafite gram: Izi zishobora gutera ibintu nko kurohama mu maraso, umusonga, na meningitis.
• Clostridium difficile (C. diff): Iyi ni bagiteri ishobora gutera ububyimbirwe bw'amara n'impiswi ikomeye ikwirakwira mu bandi byoroshye.
• Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) irwanya Methicillin: Iyi ni indwara ya bagiteri twavuzeho mbere, kandi zimwe muri antibiyotike ntizikora.
• Hepatite: Iri ni itsinda ry'indwara zoroshye zandurira mu mwijima.

Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya uburyo izi ndwara zandura. Zishobora kwanduzwa n'ibitonyanga by'ubuhumekero iyo umuntu yitsamuye cyangwa akorora . Zishobora kandi kwanduzwa niba abakozi bo kwa muganga badafashe ingamba zikwiye zo kurwanya ubwandu (urugero, niba ibikoresho bidasukuwe neza) .

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kwandura iyi ndwara?

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara byitwa ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago. Ushobora kwandura indwara yanduriye mu bitaro mu gihe ubuvuzi bwawe burimo:

• Niba ufite catheter mu mwanya wayo.
• Niba urimo kubona ubufasha mu guhumeka ukoresheje icyuma gifasha guhumeka.
• Niba ugomba gufata inshinge kenshi.
• Niba uri kubagwa.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'ubu bwandu?

Ingorane zishobora guterwa n'izi ndwara ziterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara n'ubukana bwayo. Reka turebere hamwe ingorane zishobora guterwa n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwa HAI:

• Kwandura amaraso afitanye isano n'umurongo wo hagati (CLABSI):
• Kubyimba kw'imbere mu mutima (endocarditis)
• Kuziba kw'imitsi no kubyimba (Trombophlebitis)
• Indwara y'amagufwa (Osteomyelitis)
• Igituba
• Sepsis (ubwandu bukomeye bukwirakwira mu mubiri wose, bwitwa kandi uburozi mu maraso)

• Kwandura indwara zo mu gace k’ubuvuzi (SSI):
• Igikomere bifata igihe kugira ngo gikire.
• Kuba agomba kubagwa bundi bushya.
• Kunanirwa k'umubiri kwakira ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi byashyizwemo.
• Indwara zo mu bwonko bw'umubiri.
• Sepsis.

• Indwara ziterwa n'imiyoboro y'inkari zifitanye isano na catheter (CAUTI):
• Indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari.
• Sepsis.

• Umusonga ufitanye isano n'ibikoresho byo guhumeka `(VAP)`:
• Kunanirwa guhumeka.
• Ukwirundanya kw'amashyira mu gice cy'ibihaha (Empyema).
• Sepsis.

Ni gute abaganga bapima izi ndwara?

Akenshi, abaganga bashobora kumenya niba umuntu afite HAI iyo afite ibimenyetso twavuze mbere. Hari igihe ibimenyetso bya mbere biba ari ukutukura k'uruhu, uduheri, cyangwa kuva mu gisebe cyo kubagwa . Kugira ngo yemeze ko indwara yanduye cyangwa kugira ngo hamenyekane indi ndwara, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko hapimwa inkari cyangwa hagapimwa amaraso .

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Uburyo bwo kuvura HAI buterwa n'ubwoko bw'ubwandu. Abaganga bashobora gukoresha imiti nka:

• Antibiyotike ( ku ndwara zandurira mu mikorobe)
• Imiti irwanya virusi ( ku ndwara za virusi)
• Irwanya imiyoboro ( ku ndwara z'imiyoboro)

Ariko hari ikindi kibazo. Hari igihe ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kudakora neza bitewe n’indwara nko kudakira imiti irwanya udukoko , kudakira imiti irwanya udukoko, no kudakira imiti irwanya udukoko. Uku "kudakira" bivuze ko mikorobe zahindutse (zagiye zihinduka) uko igihe kigenda gihita kandi ntizikigira akamaro ku miti yagenewe kuzica. Iyo ni imwe mu mpamvu ituma izi miti rimwe na rimwe zigorana kuvura.

Kubwibyo, nubwo bidashoboka buri gihe, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura izi ndwara ziterwa n’ibitaro ni ukuzirinda mbere yuko ziba.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo twirinde izi ndwara ziterwa n'ibitaro?

Ntabwo indwara zose zandurira mu bitaro zishobora kwirindwa, ariko wowe n'umuryango wawe nimukurikiza izi ntambwe hamwe, mushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kwandura indwara.

• Komeza intoki zawe zisukuye. Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo guhagarika ikwirakwira rya mikorobe no kwirinda indwara ni ugukaraba intoki zawe kenshi. Karaba intoki zawe n'isabune n'amazi byibuze amasegonda 20.
• Baza abaganga n'abaforomo bavura icyo bakora kugira ngo bagabanye ubwandu. Niba ufite impungenge cyangwa ubwoba, ntutinye kubiganiraho.
• Niba ufite catheter, buri gihe uzabaze muganga wawe cyangwa umuforomo niba ikiri ngombwa. Hari igihe ishobora gusigaramo nubwo yaba itagikenewe.
• Niba ufata imiti irwanya udukoko (antibiyotike) , fata imiti nk'uko muganga wawe yabigutegetse, mu rugero nyarwo kandi mu gihe nyacyo. Ntugahagarike kuyifata kugeza igihe muganga wawe agutegetse, nubwo waba wumva umeze neza.
• Mbere yo kuguha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara , saba muganga wawe gukora ibizamini kugira ngo arebe neza ko ari byo bikwiye ku bwandu bwawe.
• Baza intambwe bafata kugira ngo birinde kwandura mbere na nyuma yo kubagwa.Nanone, baza icyo wakora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura mu gihe witegura kubagwa.
• Menya kumenya ibimenyetso by'indwara z'uruhu. Iyo hari umutuku, amazi asohoka, cyangwa ububabare hafi y'igikomere cyangwa aho bakorewe catheter, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara.
• Fata inkingo zawe za grippe n'izindi nkingo zatanzwe ku gihe. Ibi bishobora gufasha kwirinda indwara zimwe na zimwe.

Ni iki kizakurikiraho ku muntu wanduye indwara nk'iyo?

Kenshi na kenshi, iyo umuntu arwaye HAI nk'iyi asuzumwe hakiri kare kandi akavurwa neza, ashobora gukira neza. Ariko, abantu nk'abo bashobora kumara igihe kirekire mu bitaro kandi bashobora guhura n'izindi mbogamizi mu rugendo rwabo rwo gukira.

Hari ubwo ubwandu buterwa n’ibitaro bushobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye ku buzima ndetse n’urupfu. Urugero, nk’uko Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) kibitangaza, abantu bagera ku 99.000 bapfa buri mwaka mu bitaro byo muri Amerika gusa bazize ubwo bwandu buterwa n’ibitaro. Iki ni ikibazo kibangamiye isi yose.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bikekwaho, cyangwa niba wumva ibimenyetso byawe birimo kwiyongera, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane cyane niba uri mu bitaro cyangwa uherutse kubagwa. Niba wumva hari ikintu kitagenda neza, uko byagenda kose, jya kwa muganga wawe vuba aha maze ubone ubuvuzi bukenewe.

Iyo twese turwaye, tujya mu bitaro no mu mavuriro kugira ngo tukire. Ariko iyo tugiyeyo tukarwara indi ndwara, bidutera guhangayika, kutizera, ndetse wenda n'ubwoba buke.

Kwandura indwara zo mu mazuru bishobora gutera ingorane zikomeye. Ariko ibuka ko nyinshi muri izi ndwara zishobora kwirindwa. Twese dufite inshingano zo gutuma ibitaro biba ahantu hatekanye. Niba ubonye ikintu ubona ko gishobora kuba ubwandu kuri wowe cyangwa undi muntu, ntutinye kubibwira itsinda ry’abaganga.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Rero, ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza indwara zandurira mu bitaro, uko zibaho, n'uburyo bwo kuzirinda. Icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya ibi no kwita ku mutekano wawe. Niba wowe cyangwa undi muntu uzi ari mu bitaro, menya ibi bintu. Baza ibibazo, uvaneho gushidikanya kwawe. Hanyuma dushobora kwirinda izo ndwara utifuza uko bishoboka kose.

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