Ni ibisanzwe ko benshi muri twe twumva ubwoba no kugira ubwoba iyo twumvise ijambo "kanseri." Ariko se wari uzi ko niba tuzi indwara zimwe na zimwe, cyane cyane kanseri y'ibere, kandi tugasobanukirwa ingaruka zazo, dushobora gukumira ingaruka zikomeye zishobora guterwa na zo? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ngingo y'ingenzi cyane. Iyo ni isuzuma ry'ibyago bya kanseri y'ibere. Ntugahangayike, tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.
Mu magambo make, iki gikorwa cyo gusuzuma ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ni iki?
Tekereza nk'iteganyagihe. Raporo y'iteganyagihe ntivuga ngo "imvura igiye kugwa uyu munsi," ahubwo ivuga ngo "hari amahirwe y'imvura." Uko ni ko bimeze. Isuzuma ry'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ni uburyo bwo kubara amahirwe, cyangwa amahirwe, yo kurwara kanseri y'ibere mu buzima bwawe. Ntishobora kuvuga neza 100% ngo "uzarwara kanseri" cyangwa "ntuzayirwara."
Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba ibyago byawe biri hejuru cyangwa biri hasi ugereranije n'ibisanzwe ugereranije n'abandi bagore b'imyaka yawe n'aho ukomoka. Aya makuru ni ingenzi cyane kuri muganga wawe. Kuko ashobora kugufasha gufata icyemezo cy'uko ugomba kwita ku buzima bw'ibere ryawe n'ibizamini ugomba gukora. Ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma ibyago bwagenewe abagore gusa. Ntabwo bukoreshwa mu gupima ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ku bagabo.
None se, ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma ingaruka bukora bute?
Ubu hari ubwoko burenga 24 butandukanye bupima ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere. Ibyinshi muri byo ni ibibazo byo kuri interineti ushobora kurangiza wenyine mu minota 10 gusa. Iyo umaze gusubiza ibi bibazo, porogaramu ibara amanota ishingiye ku bintu bishobora gutuma urwara kanseri y'ibere .
Impamvu y’ibyago ni ikintu cyongera amahirwe yo kurwara indwara. Reka turebe impamvu z’ingenzi zishobora gutera kanseri y’ibere. Kugira ngo ubyumve neza, reba imbonerahamwe iri hepfo.
| Impamvu y'ibyago | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Imyaka | Ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere bigenda byiyongera uko umuntu akura. |
| Amateka y'Umuryango | Ingaruka zawe ziba nyinshi iyo umuntu wo mu muryango wawe, cyane cyane uwo mufitanye isano rya hafi nka nyoko, mushiki wawe, cyangwa umukobwa wawe, arwaye kanseri y'ibere. |
| Impinduka mu by'uturemangingo | Ingaruka ziyongera cyane iyo ufite kopi ya BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2 yahinduwe. Izi zishobora kuragwa. |
| Ubucucike bw'amabere | Abagore bafite ibere rinini kurusha iry'ibinure bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubyara. Ibi bishobora kugaragazwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mammogram. |
| Isuzuma ry'ibere ryabanje | Ingaruka ziba nyinshi iyo havuzwe ko ibere ryakoreweho ubushakashatsi mbere y’uko ripimwa rigizwe n’uturemangingo tudasanzwe (urugero: hyperplasia idasanzwe). |
| Ikwirakwizwa ry'imisemburo | Ingaruka ziyongera iyo umuntu akomeje guhura n’imisemburo ya estrogen na progesterone mu mubiri igihe kirekire. Ibi bishobora guterwa n’imihango y’imihango, ndetse n’ibinini bimwe na bimwe byo kuboneza urubyaro cyangwa imiti isimbura imisemburo (HRT). |
| Imyaka yo mu gihe cyo gushyingirwa | Iyo ubwangavu butangiye umuntu akiri muto cyane (urugero: mbere y'imyaka 12), ibyago biriyongera bitewe no kumara igihe kinini umuntu akoresha imisemburo. |
| Imyaka yo gucura | Ingaruka ziba nyinshi iyo ukomeje kujya mu mihango kugeza ukuze cyane (urugero, nyuma y'imyaka 55), ibyo bikaba byongera igihe umara uhura n'imisemburo. |
| Amateka y'ivuka ry'umwana | Abagore batigeze babyara baba bari mu kaga gakomeye. Abagore babyara umwana wabo wa mbere nyuma y'imyaka 35 nabo baba bari mu kaga gakomeye. Kubyara abana, cyane cyane bakiri bato, bigabanya ibyago. |
Ariko ibuka ko ibintu byose bishobora gutera indwara atari bimwe. Urugero, nubwo ibyago byiyongera gato uko umuntu agenda akura, kugira imiterere y’uturemangingo twa BRCA1 bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri ku kigero cya 60%. Ibyo byonyine birahagije kugira ngo umuntu ashyirwe mu cyiciro cy’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi.
Ni ibihe bipimo by'ingenzi by'ingaruka bikoreshwa?
Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusuzuma butanga uburemere butandukanye kuri ibi bintu bishobora gutera ibyago. Ni ukuvuga ko babara amanota mu buryo butandukanye. Reka turebe bumwe mu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane.
Icyitegererezo cya Gail (BCRAT)
Ubu buryo buzwi cyane kandi bukoreshwa cyane ku isi. Bwakozwe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe kurwanya kanseri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ubu bushakashatsi bufata iminota itarenze itanu kugira ngo burangizwe. Butanga igitekerezo cy'ibyago byo kurwara kanseri mu myaka itanu iri imbere no ku myaka 90.
Ibibazo by'ingenzi bibazwa muri ibi ni ibi bikurikira:
- imyaka yawe
- Ubwoko/ubwoko
- Amateka yo kubyara abana
- Niba hari isuzuma ry'ibere ryakozwe mbere
- Imyaka mu gihe cy'imihango ya mbere
- Amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri y'ibere
Iyo ibi bigutera ibyago byo mu myaka itanu bya 1.67% cyangwa birenga, bifatwa nk' "iby'akaga gakomeye." Niba ari uko bimeze, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira umuti nka Tamoxifen, ugabanya ibyago byo kurwara kanseri. Ariko, ubu buryo ntibukwiriye abantu barwaye kanseri mbere cyangwa bazwiho kugira ihinduka ry'uturemangingo nka BRCA.
IBIS (Tyrer-Cuzik Model)
Ubu buryo burambuye gato kurusha icyitegererezo cya Gail. Bubara ingaruka mu myaka 10 iri imbere no mu buzima bwose. Bunareba ibintu nka:
- Ubucucike bw'amabere
- Igipimo cy'Uburemere bw'Umubiri (BMI)
- Amateka ya kanseri y'intanga ngore
- Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura imisemburo (HRT)
- Kumenya ibijyanye n'ihinduka ry'uturemangingo twa BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2
Hashingiwe ku bisubizo, abaganga bashobora guhitamo inshuro ukeneye gupimwa amabere, cyangwa niba ukeneye gupimwa gene ya BRCA.
BRCAPRO
Ibi ni ibintu byihariye. Iri suzuma rireba ahanini uburyo ushobora kugira ihinduka rya gene ya BRCA1 cyangwa BRCA2 mu mubiri wawe. Ibi biterwa hafi ya byose n'amateka y'umuryango wawe ya kanseri. Bisaba amakuru menshi yimbitse, cyane cyane imyaka abagize umuryango barwaye kanseri, isuzuma ry'imiterere y'umubiri bakoze, n'ibagwa ryo gukuramo ibere cyangwa intanga ngore. Ukurikije ibisubizo by'ibi, ushobora guhitamo niba ugomba gupimwa gene cyangwa utagomba gupimwa.
Ni gute muganga wanjye azakoresha ibi bisubizo?
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Niba ukoze isuzuma nk'iri kuri interineti ukavuga ko "uri mu kaga gakomeye," ntugatinye cyangwa ngo ugire ubwoba. Ntibivuze ko urwaye kanseri. Ni ahantu heza ho gutangirira ikiganiro hagati yawe na muganga wawe.
Hashingiwe kuri ibi bisubizo, muganga wawe ashobora gufata ingamba nk'izi:
- Gusaba ko wakwipimisha amabere kenshi: Ushobora gusabwa kwipimisha amabere cyangwa ibindi bipimo (urugero, MRI) kenshi kurusha uko bisanzwe.
- Kohereza abantu kugira ngo bahabwe inama ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’umubiri: Ushobora koherezwa ku muganga w’inzobere kugira ngo agusobanurire niba gupima imiterere y’umubiri yongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri bikwiye, n’uburyo ibisubizo bizagira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe n’umuryango wawe.
- Gutanga imiti igabanya ibyago: Imiti nka Tamoxifen ishobora kubuza ikura ry'uturemangingo twa kanseri.
- Kuganira ku kubagwa mu buryo bwo kwirinda: Ku muntu ufite ibyago byinshi byo kubagwa (urugero: umuntu ufite BRCA gene mutation), uburyo bwo kubaga bushobora kuganirwaho mbere yuko kanseri itangira. Ibi bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kubagwa.
Ni gute ibisubizo by'ibi bipimo byizewe?
Iki ni ikintu tugomba kuvugaho mu by'ukuri. Ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma bushingiye ku makuru yakusanyijwe n'abaturage benshi. Ni ukuvuga ko amakuru aturuka ku bagore ibihumbi amagana barwaye kanseri agereranywa n'amakuru yanyu, kandi ibi bisubizo biratangwa. Ariko nta n'umwe muri twe uri imibare. Nubwo twaba dufite ibintu bimwe bishobora gutera indwara, nta mibiri y'abantu babiri imeze kimwe.
Bityo rero, ubu buryo bufite imbogamizi nyinshi:
- Ihindagurika ry'amakuru: Amakuru akoreshwa mu buryo bumwe na bumwe bwo gusuzuma ashobora kuba ashingiye ku bwoko bumwe, bityo ibisubizo bishobora kuba bitangana kuri buri wese.
- Ntabwo bikoreshwa kuri kanseri zose: Ubu buryo ahanini bubara kanseri z’indengakamere. Nanone, ntibushobora gutanga amakuru ku muntu wamaze kurwara kanseri.
- Kudatekereza ku bintu byose bishobora gutera ibyago:Si ibintu byose bishobora gutera ibyago bipimwa n'isuzuma rimwe gusa. Bimwe ni imiterere y'umubiri, ibindi ni imibereho myiza. Niyo mpamvu rimwe na rimwe muganga wawe azagusaba gukora isuzuma rirenze rimwe.
Nubwo hari izi mbogamizi, izi suzuma ry’ingaruka rirakora neza ku buryo ritanga isuzuma rikwiye ry’ingaruka z’umuntu, ari nayo mpamvu abaganga bakomeje kuzikoresha mu buvuzi.
Amaherezo, isuzuma ry’ibyago bya kanseri y’ibere ntirishobora kumenya niba uzagira kanseri. Ariko rishobora kumenyesha muganga wawe ibyago byawe. Kwipimisha kanseri y’ibere ni ingenzi kuri buri wese. Iri suzuma ni ikindi gikoresho cyo kugufasha gufata icyemezo cy’uko wakwita ku buzima bwawe. Rishobora kandi kugufasha kwisuzumisha buri gihe. Intego ni ukumenya kanseri hakiri kare, igihe ishobora kuvurwa.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gusuzuma ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'ibere ni uburyo bwo gupima amahirwe yawe (ahari amahirwe) yo kurwara kanseri, ntabwo ari ukwisuzuma.
- Ntugatinye ibisubizo, ganira na muganga wawe . Icyo ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi.
- Ibisubizo by’ibyago byinshi ntibivuga ko uzarwara kanseri. Kandi si byiza kureka kwipimisha kuko gusa wabonye ibisubizo by’ibyago bike.
- Ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma bugufasha wowe na muganga wawe kurushaho gukora ibishoboka byose no kwita ku buzima bwanyu.
- Amahirwe yo gukira burundu kwa kanseri ni menshi cyane. Kubwibyo, ntuzigere usiba ibizamini by'ibere ufite imyaka ikwiye.
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Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha
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