Reka twige ku mbaraga zikomeye z'ubwonko bwawe: cortex yo mu bwonko.

Ese wigeze wibaza ukuntu ubwonko bwawe bugoye cyane? Uburyo tuvuga, uburyo twiga ibintu bishya, uburyo twibuka ibintu bya kera, uburyo duseka, turira, kandi dufata ibyemezo, ibi byose bishingiye ku bwonko bwacu. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku gice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubwonko, icyo gikora nka `(CPU)` cya mudasobwa - cortex yo mu bwonko , cyangwa nk'uko tubivuga mu Cyongereza, `(Cerebral Cortex)`.

Igiti cy'ubwonko cyitwa cerebral cortex ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ubwonko bwawe bufite urwego rw'ingingo rwitwa cerebral cortex, ari narwo urwego rw'inyuma rw'ubwonko. Ni nk'igipfundikizo hirya no hino. Wigeze ubona amafoto y'ubwonko bufite iminkanyari? Iyo minkanyari iri muri cerebral cortex. Iyi minkanyari ni yo ituma amakuru menshi atunganywa mu mwanya muto. Tekereza igitambaro kinini gipfunyitse mu gasanduku gato. Iyi minkanyari ifite imiyoboro miremire yitwa sulci, n'imirongo miremire yitwa gyri. Iyi minkanyari yongera ubuso bwa cerebral cortex, bigatuma uturemangingo twinshi tw'imitsi dukora. Wari uzi ko cerebral cortex igize hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburemere bw'ubwonko bwawe bwose!

Iki gice cy'ubwonko cyitwa cerebral cortex gifite ibice bitandatu by' 'uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Tekereza, hari hagati ya miliyari 14 na miliyari 16 z' 'uturemangingo tw'imitsi' muri aka gace gato. Kandi gifite ubugari bwa milimetero ebyiri kugeza kuri enye (mm 2-4) gusa. Ibyo bivuze ko kimeze nk'urukiramende ruto cyane.

Ingirabuzimafatizo z'ubwonko bwacu zigabanyijemo ibice bine by'ingenzi, cyangwa uturere . Ibyo bice ni ibi bikurikira:

1. Agace k'imbere k'imbere

2. Ijisho rya Parietal

3. Ijisho ry'igihe gito

4. Agace k'imbere k'ijisho

Buri gace muri utu duce gakora akazi kako gatandukanye. Muri rusange, cortex y'ubwonko niyo ishinzwe ibikorwa byinshi byo mu mutwe w'umuntu byo ku rwego rwo hejuru . Urugero, ururimi, kwibuka, gutekereza, gutekereza, kwiga, gufata ibyemezo, amarangamutima, ubwenge, n'imico.

Kuki iyi cortex yo mu bwonko yitwa "gray matter"?

Ushobora kuba warumvise ko ubwonko bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri, "umunyu w'imvi" na "umunyu w'umweru." Igice cy'inyuma cy'ubwonko, cyitwa cerebral cortex, ni icy'umunyu w'imvi . Ibyo biterwa nuko iki gice kirimo utunyangingo tw'utunyangingo tw'imitsi n'ibice byitwa "dendrites." "Dendrites" ni ibice bimeze nk'udusimba bifasha akaremangingo k'imitsi kwakira ubutumwa bwa shimi buturutse ku rundi runyangingo. Ibi bice by'utunyangingo tw'imitsi ni umunyu w'imvi kuko bidafite ibinure byitwa "myelin".

Hanyuma ikintu cy'umweru"White Matter" ni iki? Igizwe n'ibice birebire, bisa n'uduti tw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi byitwa "Axons". Ikikije izi "axons" hari "Myelin" yavuzwe mbere, igitwikirizo cy'ibinure byera. Iyo "Myelin" ni yo iha izo ngingo ibara ryazo ryera.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya cortex y'ubwonko n'ubwonko?

Ibi bishobora gusa nkaho bigoye gato, ariko biroroshye. Ubwonko ni cyo gice kinini cy'ubwonko bwawe. Igice cy'inyuma cy'ubwonko cyitwa cerebral cortex . Ni nk'uruhu rw'imbuto.

Ubwonko bugabanya ubwonko bwacu mo ibice bibiri, iburyo n'ibumoso. Ibi bice bibiri bihuzwa n'umugozi w'imitsi witwa corpus callosum. Iyi corpus callosum yemerera ibice bibiri kuvugana.

Ubwonko bushya (Neocortex) ni iki?

Igice kinini cya cortex y'ubwonko bwacu ni iy'ubwonko bushya bwitwa "Neocortex". "Neo" bisobanura "gishya". Izina ryayo ryamenyekanye kuko iki gice cyavutse vuba aha mu iterambere ry'inyamaswa zo mu bwonko. Ubu bwonko bushya bugize 90% bya cortex y'ubwonko y'umuntu.

Ni izihe mbaraga zikomeye za cortex yacu y'ubwonko? (Imikorere)

Twavuze ko cortex y'ubwonko igira uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi byo mu mutwe wacu byo ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ibintu nko gutekereza, amarangamutima, ibitekerezo, kwibuka, ururimi, n'ubwenge. Noneho reka turebe ibibera muri buri gace kamwe muri utu duce tune tw'ingenzi twa cortex y'ubwonko.

1. Umuyobozi uri imbere: Agace k'imbere

Ibi biri imbere y'ubwonko bwawe, inyuma y'agahanga. Bikora nk'umukoresha mu biro. Dore bimwe mu bintu agahanga gafashamo:

• Gufata ibyemezo, gukemura ibibazo.
• Ibitekerezo by'ubwenge. (Ibintu dutekerezaho by'ubwenge)
• Kwitaho.
• Kugenzura amarangamutima n'imyitwarire.
• Gutanga imvugo. (Gushinga amagambo tuvuga)
• Imiterere. (Imiterere yacu)
• Ubwenge.
• Ingendo z'umubiri.

Hari izindi ngingo nyinshi zihariye kuri uru gahanga:

• Motor Cortex : Aha niho ubutumwa bwoherezwa kugira ngo bukore imitsi mu mubiri wacu.
• Igitekerezo cya mbere : Iki nicyo kigenzura ibyo bita "imikorere y'ubuyobozi." Ni ukuvuga ibintu nko gutekereza, gutegura no gukemura ibibazo. Kikora nk'umuyobozi uyobora ibindi bice by'ubwonko.
• Agace ka Broca : Aka gace kadufasha gushyira hamwe amagambo neza no gukora interuro mu gihe tuvuga.

2. Inzobere mu by'amaso: Occipital Lobe

Ibi biri inyuma y'ubwonko. Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, umurimo wabwo nyamukuru niKugenzura ibintu bifitanye isano n'icyerekezo.

• Gutunganya no gusobanukirwa amakuru aboneka. (Gusobanukirwa ibyo tubona n'amaso yacu)
• Gukusanya amakuru agaragara nk'amabara, ingendo, n'icyerekezo.
• Kumenya ibintu n'amasura.
• Gusobanukirwa uburebure n'intera.
• Kubaka isi tubona mu bwonko bwacu nk'ikarita.

3. Inzobere mu by'amatwi n'imiterere y'ahantu: Parietal Lobe

Iherereye hagati y'agace k'imbere n'agace k'amaso, hejuru y'agace k'inyuma. Inshingano yayo ni uku:

• Gutunganya amakuru yerekeye ibyumviro nko gukoraho, igitutu, ububabare, aho umuntu aherereye, guhindagura, n'ubushyuhe.
• Gutunganya ahantu no gutunganya ahantu. Ni ukuvuga gutanga ubumenyi burambuye ku bijyanye n'aho uri n'ibikukikije. Urugero, iki gice kigufasha kunyura mu kajagari k'inzu yawe utiriwe ugwamo, cyangwa iyo uri kugenda mu muhanda.

Agace kihariye muri uru ruhande rw'inyuma ni cortex y'ibyiyumviro bya somatosensory . Aha niho twakira amarangamutima (ibyiyumvo) aturutse impande zose z'umubiri wacu.

Tekereza kuri ibi: Urambura ukuboko kugira ngo ufate igikombe cy'isupu ishyushye ku meza yo mu gikoni.

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* Inzira y'umubiri iri mu gice cy'imbere cy'umutwe wawe niyo ibwira imitsi yo mu kiganza cyawe n'intoki "gufata igikombe."

* Iyo ukoze ku gikombe, somatosensory cortex yawe iri mu gice cyawe cya parietal lobe isuzuma ibintu nk'ubushyuhe bwayo n'uburyo ukwiye kuyifata cyane.

* Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ahantu mu ruhande rw'inyuma butuma upima neza intera y'igikombe ugereranije n'ameza n'ibindi bintu, kandi ukagifata nta gucikwa.

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Ese wabonye ukuntu bitangaje kuba buri gice cy'ubwonko gikorera hamwe?

4. Umuntu utega amatwi n'ubika kwibuka: Umuntu ukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'igihe gito

Ibi biri hagati y'agace k'imbere n'agace k'imbere, munsi y'agace k'inyuma. Ni nk'aho uri ku mpande zombi z'ugutwi. Akazi kayo ni uku:

• Gusobanukirwa ururimi, gushinga amagambo, kwiga.
• Kwibuka (cyane cyane kwibuka ibintu bishya)
• Kumva. (Kumenya amajwi)
• Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kuvugana n'abantu (urugero: isura, ijwi)
• Guhindura amajwi mo amashusho agaragara.

Igice cy'ingenzi muri uru rwego rwa concha ni Wernicke's Area . Iki gice kidufasha kumva ururimi dushingiye ku ijwi ry'umuntu n'imiterere y'amajwi ye iyo avuga, kandi kidufasha no guhuza amajwi n'ayo yize mbere.

Ubundi buryo bwo kubireba: imikorere y'inzego

Abahanga bamwe bareba ubwonko mu bundi buryo. Bashyira ibice bya cortex y'ubwonko mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi hashingiwe ku mikorere yabyo: ibice by'ibyumviro, ibice by'imikorere y'umubiri, n'ibice by'imikoranire.

1. Uduce tw'amatwi

Utu duce twakira amakuru y'ibyumviro aturutse mu byumviro byacu no mu bidukikije.

• Gusobanukirwa amakuru y'ishusho no kumenya ibintu. (Ibi bikorwa n'agace k'umubiri gafite ishusho mu gice cy'imbere cy'umubiri.)
• Kwakira amakuru aturutse ku mubiri nko gukoraho, ubushyuhe, aho umuntu aherereye, guhinda umushyitsi, igitutu, n'ububabare. (Ibi bikorwa na cortex y'ingirabuzimafatizo mu gice cyo ku ruhande.)
• Gutunganya amakuru y'amatwi. (Ibi bikorwa n'agace k'amatwi kari muri cochlea.)
• Kubona uburyohe. (Ibi bikorwa n'agace k'umubiri gakoresha uburyohe mu gice cy'imbere cy'umubiri.)

2. Ahantu hakorerwa moteri

Utu duce tugira uruhare mu mitsi yacu ikora ku bushake, igenzurwa cyane cyane n'agace k'imbere.

• Guhuza imitsi.
• Gutegura ingendo zigoye.
• Kwiga binyuze mu kwigana no kwishyira mu mwanya w'abandi.

3. Uturere tw'ishyirahamwe

Utu duce dukwirakwiriye mu turere twose uko ari tune. Duhuza amakuru aturuka mu bice by’ibyumviro n’ibinyabutabire, bigatuma habaho imikorere igoye cyane.

• Gutunganya amakuru aturuka mu bice by'amajwi n'ibinyabutabire no kuyaha ibisobanuro.
• Kugenzura imico n'imyitwarire y'amarangamutima.
• Ubumenyi bw'ahantu n'ibitekerezo.
• Gutunganya ububiko.
• Gutekereza mu buryo bw'amashusho no kugumana ibyo wibuka mu buryo bw'amashusho.
• Kubaka hakoreshejwe amakuru agaragara, kwibuka, amajwi n'ururimi.

Ni gute cortex y'ubwonko ishobora kwangirika?

Ahantu nk'aho hakomeye hashobora kwangirika kubera impamvu zitandukanye. Urugero:

• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko
• Ibikomere bikomeye ku mutwe (Ihungabana)
• Zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri
• Impanuka y'imitsi yo mu bwonko (ni ukuvuga kuva amaraso mu bwonko cyangwa "Stroke")

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bishobora kubaho iyo cortex y'ubwonko yangiritse?

Ibi biterwa n'igice cy'ubwonko cyangiritse .

Niba igice cy'imbere cyangiritse:

• Ibibazo byo kwibuka.
• Impinduka mu miterere y'umuntu.
• Kugorwa no gukemura ibibazo no gufata ibyemezo.
• Ibibazo byo kwita ku bintu.
• Intege nke mu kugenzura amarangamutima, imyitwarire idahwitse, n'impinduka mu myitwarire.
• Kudashobora kumva cyangwa gusobanura imvugo (Aphasia).
• Kugorwa no kuvuga (Apraxia).
• Intege nke, ubumuga, kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imitsi ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri (Flaccid Hemiplegia).
• Byongeye kandi, indwara nka dementia zishobora no kwangiza igice cyo imbere cy'umubiri.

Iyo agace k'umugongo kangiritse:

• Ibibazo byo kwibukwa kw'ibintu.
• Ingorane cyangwa kutabasha kwandika (Agraphia).
• Ingorane zo gukemura ibibazo by'imibare.
• Gucika intege.
• Kubura icyerekezo.
• Kutabasha guhuza neza hagati y'intoki n'amaso.
• Kudashobora kumenya ibintu ukoresheje gukoraho gusa (Astereognosis).
• Gutakaza ibyiyumvo.
• Ingorane zo kuvuga `(Aphasia)`.
• Ingorane zo kugenda `(Apraxia)`.

Niba igice cy'umubiri cyangiritse:

• Ingorane zo kumva.
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka.
• Kugorwa no kumenya amasura n'ibintu.
• Ubumuga mu rurimi (urugero: Wernicke's Aphasia - kugorwa no kumva ururimi).
• Byongeye kandi, indwara nk'igicuri, indwara yo kudasobanukirwa neza, n'indwara ya Alzheimer na byo bishobora kwangiza iyo ndwara.

Niba agace k'inyuma k'amaso kangiritse:

• Kugorwa no kubona ibintu byinshi icyarimwe.
• Kugorwa no kumenya ibintu mu buryo bw'amaso.
• Guhumana kw'amabara.
• Kubona ibintu mu buryo butari bwo (delucinations) birimo kureba.
• Ubuhumyi rwose.

Ibi bishobora kumvikana nk'ibigoye kuri wewe, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya aya makuru. Kuko icyo gihe dushobora kwita ku buzima bwacu neza, cyane cyane ubwonko bwacu. Ubu bumenyi buzadufasha kandi gushaka inama z'abaganga vuba mu gihe tugize ibimenyetso.

Incamake: Ibintu byo kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka dusubiremo ingingo z'ingenzi mu byo twaganiriyeho uyu munsi:

• Igihimba cy'ubwonko (cerebral cortex) ni cyo gice cy'inyuma cy'ubwonko bwacu. Gifite corrugation, bigatuma uturemangingo twinshi tw'imitsi dukora.
• Igabanyijemo ibice bine by'ingenzi : igice cy'imbere, igice cy'imbere, igice cy'inyuma, n'igice cy'imbere cy'amaso.
• Iyi cortex y'ubwonko ni ingenzi cyane mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwacu hafi ya yose yo ku rwego rwo hejuru , nko gutekereza, kwibuka, kwiga, ururimi, amarangamutima, no gufata ibyemezo.
• Kwangirika kw'ibice bitandukanye bya cortex y'ubwonko bishobora guteza ibibazo ku mikorere ijyanye n'icyo gice. Urugero, ingorane zo kuvuga, ibibazo byo kwibuka, n'ibibazo byo kubona.
• Ubwonko bwawe ni urugingo rutangaje kandi rw'agaciro . Ni inshingano zawe kubwitaho. Rya ibiryo byiza by'ubwonko, kora imyitozo ngororamubiri, ryama bihagije, kandi ugerageze kugabanya stress.

Rero, ndizera ko wasobanukiwe neza ibijyanye n'ubwonko uyu munsi. Kumenya ibintu nk'ibi ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwacu.

` Cortex yo mu bwonko, Imikorere y'ubwonko, Ibice by'ubwonko, Sisitemu y'imitsi, Kwibuka, Kwiga, Agace k'imbere, Agace k'inyuma, Agace k'inyuma, Agace k'inyuma, Agace k'inyuma