Iyo umuganga wawe akubwiye ko urwaye Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, birashoboka ko watangiye gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kugenzura indyo yawe. Ibyo ni byiza. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, bishobora kugorana kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ukoresheje ubuzima bwiza gusa. Ni bwo umuganga wawe akubwira gutangira gufata imiti.
Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'imiti ivura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2: ibinini na insuline . Byombi bifasha mu gutuma urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe rugera ku rugero rusanzwe. Ibi ni ingenzi kuko iyo urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru igihe kirekire, uba ushobora kurwara indwara zikomeye nko kwangirika kw'imitsi, ibibazo byo kutabona, ibibazo by'impyiko, n'indwara z'umutima.
None se, ni ibihe binini cyangwa insuline bikubereye? Mbere yo kuvugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi, reka turebere hamwe ibisobanuro birambuye.
Ubwoko bw'ibinini bya diyabete
Niba umaze gusanganwa diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, muganga wawe ashobora kubanza kukwandikira ubwoko bw'imiti. Iyi miti ntabwo isimbura imisemburo ya insuline, ariko ishobora gufasha umubiri wawe:
- Kora insuline nyinshi.
- Koresha insuline ikorwa n'umubiri neza kurushaho.
- Kugabanya urugero rw'isukari mu maraso.
Ushobora guhabwa umwe muri iyi miti cyangwa uruvange rw'imiti myinshi. Reka turebe ubwoko bw'imiti nyamukuru.
Metformin
Muri make, uyu ni wo muti usanzwe ukoreshwa n'abaganga ku ndwara ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2. Uza mu binini no mu buryo bw'amazi. Metformin ikora cyane cyane mu kugabanya isukari umwijima ukora no gufasha umubiri wawe gukoresha insuline neza. Ushobora kandi guhabwa indi miti ya diyabete hamwe na yo. Uyu muti ushobora no kugufasha kugabanya ibiro.
Ariko, niba ufite indwara y'umwijima, ibibazo by'impyiko, cyangwa indwara z'umutima, cyangwa niba unywa inzoga nyinshi, ushobora kudashobora gufata Metformin. Muri ibyo bihe, isukari mu maraso yawe ishobora kugabanuka cyane cyangwa indwara ikomeye yitwa lactic acidosis ikakugeraho.
Sulfonylureas
Iyi miti ikora mu gufasha umubiri wawe gukora insuline nyinshi. Glimepiride (Amaryl), Glipizide (Glucotrol), na Glyburide (DiaBeta) ni zimwe mu ngero z'ubu bwoko bw'imiti. Ariko, ishobora gutera kwiyongera ibiro no kugabanuka kw'isukari mu maraso (hypoglycemia).
Meglitinides
Iyi miti kandi itera imbaraga pancreas gukora insuline nyinshi. Nyamara, ikora vuba kurusha sulfonylureas, ariko imara igihe kirekire. Repaglinide (Prandin) na Nateglinide (Starlix) ni zimwe muri iyi miti. Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo isukari nke mu maraso no kwiyongera ibiro.
Thiazolidinediones
Ibi bikora mu gutuma ingingo z'umubiri wawe zumva insuline neza. Ibi bivuze ko bifasha umubiri wawe gukoresha insuline neza. Rosiglitazone (Avandia) na Pioglitazone (Actos) ni imiti iri muri uru rwego. Ariko akenshi itangwa gusa iyo ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bwananiwe kubera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka mbi zikomeye, nko kurwara umutima no kubura amaraso.
Reka dusobanure muri make ubwo bwoko bw'imiti mu buryo bworoshye kumva.
| Itsinda ry'ibiyobyabwenge | Uko umubiri ukora | Ingaruka zisanzwe |
|---|---|---|
| Ibikoresho bibuza DPP-4 (Urugero: Sitagliptin (Januvia)) | Bigabanya gato urugero rw'isukari mu maraso. | Kubabara ingingo, kubyimba kwa pancreatitis (pancreatitis). |
| Ibikoresho bibuza SGLT2 (urugero, Dapagliflozin (Farxiga), Empagliflozin (Jardiance)) | Birinda impyiko kongera kwinjiza isukari mu mubiri no kuyisohora mu nkari. | Ibyago byo kwandura indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, na ketoacidosis ya diyabete. |
| Abahanga mu bya GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (Urugero: ibinini bya Semaglutide (Rybelsus)) | Bifasha umubiri gukora insuline nyinshi nyuma yo kurya. | Isesemi, kuruka, impiswi, kugabanya ibiro, kuribwa umutwe. |
Ni ryari insuline ikenewe?
Niba udashobora kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ukoresheje ibinini gusa, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira insuline. Insuline ni ikintu uhabwa nk'urukingo.
Kuki udashobora kumira insuline nk'ikinini? Impamvu ni uko, nubwo wayimira utyo, yangirika burundu mu gihe cyo gusya mu nda yacu. Bityo ntacyo byaba bimaze. Niyo mpamvu itangwa nk'urushinge.
Hariho kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwa insuline, butandukanye mu gihe bukora.
- Insulini ikora igihe kirekire: Ntiyinjira mu maraso nyuma y'amasaha make nyuma yo guterwa inshinge, ariko ituma isukari mu maraso igenzurwa mu gihe cy'amasaha 24. Abaganga bakunze gutanga inama y'ubu bwoko bwa insuline nijoro ku bantu barwaye diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.
- Insulini ikora hagati: Iyi nayo itangira gukora mu masaha make igakomeza gukora mu gihe kiri hagati y'amasaha 12 na 18.
- Insulini isanzwe cyangwa "ikora vuba": Yinjira mu maraso nyuma y'igice cy'isaha nyuma yo guterwa inshinge kandi ikora hagati y'amasaha 3 na 6.
- Insulini ikora vuba: Itangira gukora ako kanya nyuma yo guterwa inshinge, ariko ikora igihe gito, amasaha agera kuri 2 kugeza kuri 4.
Mu bihe byashize, abaganga batanze insuline nk'igisubizo cya nyuma. Ariko ubu, kubera ko ishobora kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso vuba, hari igihe insuline ishobora gutangira gukoreshwa hakiri kare. Ingaruka zikomeye z'ubwoko bwose bwa insuline ni isukari nke mu maraso (hypoglycemia) .
Ibibazo byo kubaza muganga wawe
Uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ni icyemezo wowe na muganga wawe muzafatira hamwe. Umuti uwo ari wo wose wasabwa, menya neza ko ubaza kuri ibi bintu.
- Ingaruka mbi za buri muti ni izihe?
- Ibiciro byabo bimeze bite?
- Uyu muti nkwiye kuwukoresha nte?
- Uyu muti ukwiye kubikwa ute?
Nanone, menya neza uburyo bwo kumenya igihe urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ruri hasi cyane (hypoglycemia), n'icyo wakora mu gihe bikubayeho. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 ni indwara igomba kwitabwaho neza. Gufata imiti hamwe n'ubuzima bwiza bishobora kuba ngombwa.
- Abaganga bakunze gutangirira ku muti nka metformin.
- Niba udashobora kugenzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ukoresheje ibinini gusa, uzakenera gukoresha inshinge za insuline.
- Buri gihe vugana na muganga wawe ku buryo bweruye ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bukubereye. Baza ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ufite.
- Menya ibimenyetso by'isukari nke mu maraso (hypoglycemia) n'icyo wakora mu gihe bibaye.
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Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.