Reka twige gusa ku bijyanye na fMRI scan (Functional MRI), ireba ibice bikora imbere mu bwonko.

Tekereza ko wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi akeneye kubagwa ubwonko. Ikintu cya mbere dutekereza ni iki: "Oh, abaganga, ni gute mwamenya kubaga mutarinze kwangiza ibice by'ingenzi mu kuvuga, kugenda no kwibuka?" Icyo ni ikibazo gikomeye. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku isuzuma ryihariye rifasha muri ibyo, ikarita yerekana ikarita y'imbere mu bwonko. Ibi byitwa fMRI, cyangwa Functional MRI scan.

Mu magambo make, fMRI ni iki?

Ushobora kuba warumvise ibyerekeye scan ya MRI. Ifata amashusho asobanutse neza y’ingingo eshatu (3D) z’ingingo ziri mu mibiri yacu. Ntikoresha imirasire ya X cyangwa imirasire nka scan za CT. Rero nta kintu na kimwe cyo gutinya.

Ubu, fMRI ni scan yihariye ikoresha imashini imwe ya MRI. Ariko ikidasanzwe kuri iyi ni uko, uretse gufata ifoto y'ubwonko, inagaragaza ibice by'ubwonko bikora icyo gihe.

Bikora gutya: Iyo igice cy'ubwonko bwacu gikora, nk'iyo tuvuga, dutekereza, cyangwa tugendana ikiganza cyacu, uturemangingo tw'ubwonko muri icyo gice tuba dukeneye ogisijeni nyinshi. Ogisijeni nyinshi bivuze ko amaraso atembera neza. Imashini ya fMRI ishobora kubona ko amaraso atembera neza. Hanyuma uduce dukora tugaragara neza kuri scan.

Ni izihe nyungu z'iyi scan?

Gushushanya imikorere y'ubwonko muri ubu buryo ni ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane mu gutegura kubaga ubwonko. Niba ukeneye kubaga, umuganga w'imitsi ashobora kureba iyi karita ya fMRI agategura kubaga nta kwangiza ibice bigenzura imikorere y'ingenzi yawe, nko kuvuga no kugenda. Ibi bishobora gukorwa ku bantu bakuru ndetse no ku bana.

Urugero, tekereza ko ufite ikibyimba mu bwonko bwawe. Iki kibyimba kiri hafi y'igice cy'ubwonko bwawe kigenzura uburyo ukoresha intoki zawe. Mu gihe cyo gupima, usabwa kwimura intoki zawe. Ishusho ya fMRI igaragaza ahantu nyaho ukorera icyo gikorwa, maze bikagaragara. Hanyuma umuganga ubaga akamenya gukuraho iki kibyimba witonze ntakore kuri icyo gice.

Ibihe by'ingenzi aho ubu bwoko bw'igenamigambi bukenewe ni ibi bikurikira:

• Igicuri: Mu gihe umuntu arwaye igicuri kidakoreshejwe imiti, niba bibaye ngombwa ko abagwa, imikorere y'ubwonko igomba gukurikiranwa mbere yo kubagwa.
• Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko: Mbere yo kubagwa kugira ngo hakorwe ibibyimba bya kanseri cyangwa ibitari impanuka.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire:Mu gihe uvura ubwonko hakoreshejwe imirasire, gabanya kwangirika kw'ibice bizima.
• Nyuma yo kuvurwa: Reba niba hari impinduka mu mikorere y'ubwonko nyuma yo kuvurwa runaka.

Ni gute nakwitegura mbere yo gupimwa?

Kwitegura isuzuma rya fMRI ni ingenzi cyane kuko imashini ikoresha rukuruzi ikomeye cyane, bityo ugomba kwitonda cyane ku mutekano wawe.

Muganga wawe azagusobanurira ibi, ariko akenshi ugomba kwitondera ibi bintu.

• Ntukanywe ikintu cyose kirimo kafeyine (ikawa, icyayi, ibinyobwa bidasembuye) ku munsi wo gupimwa, kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo bya scan.
• Bwira muganga wawe imiti iyo ari yo yose ufata. Azakubwira niba ugomba kuyifata cyangwa kutayifata mbere yo kuyisuzuma.
• Ntukambare cyangwa ngo utware ikintu cyose cy'icyuma . Si icyuma gifite imbaraga za rukuruzi gusa, ahubwo n'icyuma kidafite imbaraga za rukuruzi gishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo imashini ikoresha isuzuma rigaragara.

Ibintu ugomba kubwira muganga wawe nta kabuza

Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Niba ufite ibikoresho by'icyuma cyangwa iby'ikoranabuhanga mu mubiri wawe, ugomba kubimenyesha muganga wawe n'abakozi bakora isuzuma mbere yo kubisuzuma.

Nanone, niba ufite ubwoba bwo gutinya ahantu hato kandi hafunze, bwira muganga wawe hakiri kare. Nibiba ngombwa, muganga ashobora kuguha umuti muto wo kugutuza.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo gupima?

Gukora scan ni igikorwa cyoroshye cyane.

Uzategekwa kuryama ku buriri, maze umukozi wo ku buriri azaguyobora witonze mu mashini nini kandi izengurutse. Hazashyirwaho igikoresho cyihariye (umutwe w'icyuma) ku mutwe wawe, nk'ingofero. Ibi bizagufasha gutuma amashusho y'ubwonko bwawe arushaho kuba meza. Uzahabwa kandi ecouteur zo kugufasha kumva urusaku ruturuka kuri iyo mashini. Abakozi bazashobora kuvugana nawe no kuguha amabwiriza binyuze muri izi ecouteur.

Nkuko nabivuze mbere, muri MRI isanzwe, ubwirwa kuguma uhagaze. Ariko muri fMRI, usabwa gukora utundi duto mu gihe scan irimo gukorwa.

Urugero, uzabwirwa uti:

• Kangura intoki zawe gato.
• Vuga interuro ngufi.
• Reba ifoto iri kuri ecran.

Mu gihe ukora iki gikorwa, imashini ya fMRI ifata amajwi ibice by'ubwonko bwawe bikora. Ushobora gukora iki gikorwa mu buryo bubiri.

1. Sisitemu yo guhagarika: Muri ibi, ubwirwa gukora ikintu mu masegonda make, hanyuma utegereze amasegonda make hanyuma wongere ugikore.

2. Sisitemu y'ibikorwa: Ibi bigufasha gukora imirimo myinshi itandukanye icyarimwe.

Hari igihe usabwa kutagira icyo ukora, icara ufunze amaso cyangwa ufunguye. Ibi byitwa "resting state". Bipima imikorere y'ubwonko iyo uri mu kiruhuko.

Hari igihe umuti ugabanya ubukana witwa gadolinium ushobora guterwa mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe kugira ngo isuzuma rirusheho kuba ryiza.

Isuzuma ryose rya fMRI rikunze gufata isaha imwe .

Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi bya scan?

Kimwe n'ikizamini cyose cy'ubuvuzi, fMRI ifite ibyiza byayo n'ibindi bintu by'ingenzi.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya fMRI na EEG?

EEG (Electroencephalogram) nayo ni ikizamini gipima imikorere y'ubwonko. Ariko hari itandukaniro rinini hagati y'ibyo byombi.

• FMRI yerekana imikorere y'ubwonko nk'ishusho . Dushobora kubona neza ibice by'ubwonko bikora.
• EEG igaragaza imikorere y'ubwonko nk'imiraba ishushanyije ku mpapuro cyangwa ku gishushanyo.

Mu magambo make, nubwo fMRI isubiza ikibazo "hehe?", EEG irushaho kwita ku kibazo "ryari?", ni ukuvuga, impinduka zihuse mu bikorwa.