Urimo kumva umeze nk'ibihumyo kandi umeze nk'ufite isereri? Bishobora kuba ari indwara ya Guillain-Barré!

Ese uhita wumva ugiye gutakaza umubiri wawe, cyangwa amaguru yawe yacitse intege? Hari igihe ibi bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ikintu gikomeye. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri imwe muri izo ndwara. Ni indwara ya Guillain-Barré, cyangwa GBS mu magambo ahinnye. Nubwo iyi ari indwara idasanzwe, ni ngombwa kuyimenya.

Indwara ya Guillain-Barré ni iki?

Muri make, indwara ya Guillain-Barré ni indwara idakunze kugaragara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe bwibasira uturemangingo tw'imitsi . Yangiza cyane cyane imitsi yo mu mpande ijya ku ngingo zawe no mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Tekereza iyi mitsi nk'insinga mu mubiri wawe. Iyo iyi mitsi yangiritse, ibimenyetso nko kugira ibinya, gucika intege, ndetse no guhagarara bishobora kubaho. Ariko hari inkuru nziza. Iyo abantu benshi bavuwe neza, bashobora gukira burundu iyi ndwara.

Uburyo iri zina rivugwa nabwo buratandukanye gato. Mu Cyongereza, rivugwa "ghee-AHN buh-RAY".

Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara GBS?

Indwara ya Guillain-Barré ishobora kwibasira umuntu wese w’imyaka iyo ari yo yose. Ariko, ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bari hagati y’imyaka 30 na 50. Ibi bivuze ko abakiri bato n’abari mu kigero cyo hagati nabo bari mu kaga.

Ibi ni ibisanzwe gute?

Mu by’ukuri GBS ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane . Kubera ko ituwe n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyari 7.8 ku isi, bivugwa ko abantu bagera ku 100.000 gusa ari bo barwara iyi ndwara buri mwaka. Ibyo bivuze ko hafi umuntu umwe kuri 78.000 avurwa iyi ndwara buri mwaka. Ibi rero ntabwo bikunze kubaho cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya GBS?

Kubera ko indwara ya Guillain-Barré igira ingaruka ku mitsi yacu yo mu mpande, igira ingaruka ku bintu bigenzurwa n’iyo mitsi, nko kugenda kw’imitsi, kumva ububabare, ubushyuhe, no gukoraho .

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya GBS ni intege nke z'imitsi cyangwa gucika intege (paresthesia) . Ibi bimenyetso akenshi biza mu buryo butunguranye. Bikunze kugira ingaruka ku mpande zombi z'umubiri kimwe . Nanone, bishobora gutangirira ku maguru no ku birenge bigakwirakwira buhoro buhoro, bikagera ku maboko no mu maso. Iyo imitsi yo mu maguru icitse intege, bishobora kugorana kugenda cyangwa kuzamuka ingazi. Tekereza umuntu wakoze akazi gasanzwe ahita atakaza amaguru yombi kandi ntashobore kugenda.

Ubukana bwa GBS bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Hari abantu bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyane bagakira. Abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye kurushaho. Bitewe n'ubukana bw'indwara, ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kubabara imitsi cyane mu mugongo no mu maguru .
• Guhagarara kw'imitsi y'amaguru, amaboko, n'isura . Mu bihe bikomeye, umubiri wose ushobora guhagarara.
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu gituza. Ibi bishobora gutuma guhumeka bigorana. Iyi ndwara ibaho ku bantu bagera kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy'abafite GBS.
• Kugorwa no kuvuga no kumira (dysphagia) .
• Kugorwa no kwimura amaso no kutabona neza .

Ibimenyetso bya GBS bishobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy'amasaha, iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru . Abantu benshi bahura n'indwara mbi cyane mu byumweru bibiri bya mbere nyuma y'uko ibimenyetso bitangiye. Mu cyumweru cya gatatu, abantu bagera kuri 90% bashobora kuba bari mu bihe bikomeye cyane.

Igikuru ni uko, niba ugize intege nke mu buryo butunguranye mu masaha make cyangwa iminsi mike, jya kwa muganga ako kanya. Ni ngombwa cyane gutangira kuvurwa GBS vuba bishoboka.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na GBS?

GBS igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imitsi yacu ikora ku buryo butunguranye, ibi bikaba bishobora guteza ingorane zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga . Imikorere y'imitsi yacu ikora ku buryo butunguranye igenzura imikorere y'ingenzi tutazi ko dufite, nko gutera k'umutima, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'igogora. Iyo iyi mikorere idakora neza, yitwa dysautonomia.

Dysautonomia iterwa na GBS ishobora gutera ingorane nka:

• Indwara zo kutagira umutima.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso udahindagurika.
• Ibibazo byo mu gifu (guhagarara kw'igifu).
• Kugorwa no kugenzura uburyo inkari zibikwa, urugero, no kugumana inkari.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera GBS?

Indwara ya Guillain-Barré ni indwara y’imitsi iterwa n’ubwandu nyuma yo kwandura, ikaba iterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri . Reka tubisobanureho gato:

• Nyuma yo kwandura: Iyi ndwara ikunze kubaho nyuma yo kwandura. Abantu bagera kuri 70% bafite GBS bagaragaza ibimenyetso mu cyumweru kimwe kugeza ku byumweru bitandatu nyuma yo kurwara . Abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza impamvu ibi bibaho kuri bamwe abandi ntibabibone.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ibi bivuze ko iyi ndwara iterwa n'uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bukora nabi. Iyo bamwe barwaye, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwabo bukora nabi, bukanangiza imitsi yabo. Ibi nibyo bitera GBS. Ni ubwoko bw'indwara y'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri. Ariko, bitandukanye n'izindi ndwara nyinshi z'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri, GBS si indwara ibaho ubuzima bwose.
• Ubumenyi bw'imitsi:Ubwivu ni ijambo rusange risobanura indwara zangiza imitsi. Muri GBS, kwangirika biba ku mitsi yo mu gice cyo hagati cy’umubiri. Ubudahangarwa bwacu bw’umubiri bwibasira vuba iyi mitsi mu gihe cy’iminsi runaka, bukangiza igipfundikizo cy’uburinzi cyitwa myelin (kimeze nk’icyuma gikingira gikikije insinga z’amashanyarazi).

Abashakashatsi bagaragaje zimwe mu ndwara zandura n'izindi mpamvu ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri zishobora gutera indwara ya GBS. Muri zo harimo:

• Impiswi cyangwa indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero: Abantu bagera kuri bibiri bya gatatu bafite indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero bafite impiswi cyangwa indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero ibyumweru bike mbere yuko ibimenyetso bitangira. Impamvu nyamukuru itera indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero ni ukwandura bagiteri itera impiswi yitwa Campylobacter jejuni .
• Kwandura virusi: Bamwe mu bantu bandura GBS nabo barigeze kugira ubwandu bwa virusi nka grippe, cytomegalovirus, virusi ya Epstein-Barr, na virusi ya Zika.
• Inkingo: Ni gake cyane , bamwe mu bantu barwara GBS nyuma y'iminsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike bamaze guhabwa inkingo zimwe na zimwe. Ariko ibi ni ingenzi: Ibyiza byo gukingirwa biruta kure ingaruka mbi. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bahabwa urukingo rw'ibicurane bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara GBS kurusha abarwara ibicurane.
• Kubagwa: Ni gake cyane, GBS ishobora kubaho nyuma yo kubagwa uko ari ko kose.

Ni gute wamenya `(GBS)`?

Ubusanzwe abaganga basuzuma indwara ya Guillain-Barré bashingiye ku bimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe. Muganga wawe azakubaza ibibazo bijyanye n'uburyo n'igihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiriye, ndetse niba hari indwara uherutse kugira. Bazakora kandi isuzuma ry'umubiri n'imitsi kugira ngo barebe niba imitsi ifite intege nke ndetse n'igabanuka cyangwa ntaho ihuriye n'imitsi (hyporeflexia cyangwa areflexia).

Ariko, hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zo mu bwonko zifite ibimenyetso bisa na GBS. Kubwibyo, muganga wawe ashobora gusaba izindi suzuma kugira ngo yemeze izindi ndwara. Ibi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ibipimo bya Electromyography (EMG) n'ibipimo byo kuyobora imitsi: Ibi bizamini bisuzuma ubuzima n'imikorere y'imitsi yawe (imitsi ifatanye n'amagufwa) hamwe n'imitsi iyiyobora.
• Gutobora umugongo / gutobora uruhu rwo mu kibuno:Muri ubu buryo, muganga wawe ashyira urushinge mu mugongo wawe wo hasi maze agafata icyitegererezo cy'amazi yo mu bwonko (CSF). Icyitegererezo cyoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo bapime ibirimo. Ku bantu bagera kuri 80% bafite GBS, umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso umweru muri CSF ni ibisanzwe, ariko urugero rwa poroteyine ruri hejuru. Ibindi bintu bidasanzwe muri CSF bishobora kugaragaza indi ndwara.
• Ibizamini byo gupima: Muganga wawe ashobora kandi kukugira inama yo gupima uruti rw'umugongo hakoreshejwe MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).

GBS ivurwa ite?

Niba ufite indwara ya Guillain-Barré, ushobora gukenera kuguma mu cyumba cy’ubuvuzi bw’inyongera (ICU) mu bitaro kugira ngo uvurwe. Ibi ni ukugira ngo itsinda ry’abaganga rigukurikiranire hafi niba hari ingorane nko guhumeka nabi ndetse n’impinduka mu muvuduko w’amaraso zishobora kubaho bitewe na GBS.

Nta muti wihariye w’indwara ya Guillain-Barré uhari. Ariko hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugabanya ubukana bw’indwara no kugabanya igihe cyo gukira. Hari uburyo bubiri bw’ingenzi bwo kuvura indwara ya GBS:

• Guhinduranya plasma (plasmapheresis): Muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura, imashini itandukanya plasma n'amaraso yawe, ikayivura, hanyuma ikagarura plasma n'amaraso mu mubiri wawe. Guhinduranya plasma biyungurura abasirikare b'umubiri bitera imitsi yawe iva muri plasma yawe.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa mu mitsi (IVIG): Muri ubu buryo bwo kuvura, poroteyine zitwa immunoglobulins, zikurwa mu maraso y'abantu ibihumbi bazima, zishyirwa mu mitsi (mu mitsi). Izi immunoglobulins ni poroteyine ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bukora mu buryo busanzwe kugira ngo bwibasire ibinyabuzima by'amahanga. IVIG ishobora kugabanya igihe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bumara bwibasira imitsi yawe.

Muri ubwo buryo bwombi bwo kuvura, iyo ubuvuzi butangiye mu byumweru bibiri uhereye igihe ibimenyetso bya GBS bitangiriye, igihe cyo gukira gishobora kugabanuka.

Uburyo bwo kuvura ingorane

Ingorane zishobora kubaho iyo GBS igize ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko bwawe igatuma umubiri wawe ucika intege burundu. Itsinda ry'abaganga rizakurikirana cyane uburyo uhumeka, umuvuduko w'umutima, n'umuvuduko w'amaraso. Bazakora vuba niba hari ingorane zivutse. Ingero zimwe na zimwe z'uburyo bwo kuvura ingorane zirimo:

• Kwita ku guhumeka: Niba GBS igira ingaruka ku mitsi yawe yo guhumeka, ushobora gukenera guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga. Abantu bagera kuri 30% bafite GBS bagira ikibazo cyo guhumeka.
• Kurinda kubyimba kw'amaraso:Iyo utazi neza kandi uri mu bitaro igihe kirekire, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha imiti nka heparin (umuti ugabanya amaraso mu mitsi) kugira ngo wirinde kuziba kw'amaraso mu mitsi yawe yo mu bwigunge (deep vein thrombosis).
• Amazi yo mu mitsi n'ayo konsa mu mitsi: Iyo bigoye kumira, amazi yo mu mitsi ashobora gukenerwa kugira ngo hirindwe umwuma no kugaburira unyuze mu muyoboro wa nasogastric kugira ngo hirindwe imirire mibi. Ibi bishobora kandi gufasha gukumira ibiryo cyangwa amazi yo mu mitsi kwinjira mu muyoboro w'umuyaga bigatera indwara ya aspiration pneumonia.

Gusana

Uko ubuzima bwawe bugenda burushaho kuba bwiza, itsinda ry'abaganga rishobora kukwimurira mu kigo cyita ku barwayi bashya. Aho, ushobora gukorana n'abaganga b'imitsi n'abandi baganga kugira ngo wongere imbaraga zawe kandi utangire imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo igufashe gusubira mu mirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba burimo:

• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Ibi bifasha kunoza uburyo umubiri wawe ugenda. Umuvuzi w'umubiri ashobora kugufasha guhangana n'ibimenyetso nko kubabara, kunanuka, no kumererwa nabi. Bashobora kandi kugufasha gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo wongere imbaraga z'imitsi.
• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Ubu buvuzi bugufasha buhoro buhoro kunoza ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi. Umuvuzi w'akazi akwigisha guhagarara, kwicara, kugenda, cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo ukore akazi kawe mu mutekano.
• Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga: Niba GBS yagize ingaruka ku mitsi yo mu kanwa cyangwa mu muhogo wawe, inzobere mu by'indwara z'ururimi zishobora kugufasha kongera kugira ubushobozi bwo kumira no kuvuga.
• Ibikoresho bifasha mu kugenda: Ibikoresho nk'inkoni, ibyuma bifasha mu kugenda, abagenda n'abamugaye bishobora gufasha mu kunoza ingendo zawe no kwirinda kugwa. Bishobora kandi kugabanya umunaniro.

Ese GBS ishobora kwirindwa?

Kenshi na kenshi, indwara ya Guillain-Barré ntishobora kwirindwa. Abashakashatsi ntibaramenya impamvu bamwe barwara indwara ya GBS nyuma yo kurwara abandi ntibayirwaze. Icyakora, ikintu kimwe wakora kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya GBS ni ugukomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza uko bishoboka kose. Izi ntambwe zishobora gufasha:

• Karaba intoki zawe kenshi.
• Irinde abantu bafite ibicurane byo mu gifu cyangwa izindi ndwara.
• Komeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe urya ibiryo byiza kandi ugakora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe.
• Komeza ahantu hakunze gukorwaho kenshi nko ku meza, ibikinisho, ibifunga by'inzugi, telefoni, n'ibikoresho byo mu bwiherero bisukuye kandi byica udukoko.
• Fata inkingo zawe zose ku gihe.

Ni iki giteganyijwe ku muntu urwaye GBS?

Uko umuntu urwaye indwara ya Guillain-Barré ahagaze bishobora gutandukana. Abantu benshi barwaye indwara ya GBS bakira neza mu mezi make. Ariko, abantu bakuru bagera kuri 30% - ndetse n'abana benshi - bashobora kuba bagifite intege nke z'imitsi nyuma y'imyaka itatu basanzwe bayirwaye.

Ese indwara ya Guillain-Barré irakira burundu?

Kenshi na kenshi, ibimenyetso bya Guillain-Barré syndrome biragenda neza uko igihe kigenda n'uko bivurwa. Abantu benshi batangira gukira mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu nyuma y'uko ibimenyetso bitangiye. Igihe bifata kugira ngo umuntu akire neza gishobora kuva ku mezi make kugeza ku mwaka cyangwa arenga, bitewe n'uburemere bw'indwara.

Indwara ya Guillain-Barré n'ubuzima bwayo bwose

Abantu bakira indwara ya Guillain-Barré bafite icyizere cyo kubaho gisanzwe. Abantu bari munsi ya 2% bapfa bazize GBS mu gihe cy'ubukana. Impamvu zikunze gutera impfu zijyanye na GBS zirimo:

• Umusonga.
• Sepsis (uburozi bw'amaraso).
• Indwara y'ubuhumekero ikabije (ARDS).
• Kuziba kw'amaraso mu bihaha (pulmonary embolism).
• Guhagarara k'umutima.

Nakwiyitaho nte mu gihe mfite GBS?

Ku gukira indwara ya Guillain-Barré bishobora gutinda kuri bamwe. Ntugatinye gusaba ubufasha bw'umubiri n'ubw'amarangamutima ku bo ukunda. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rirahari kugufasha.

Gutakaza ubwenge cyangwa ubumuga butunguranye bishobora kugutera agahinda kenshi. Niba wumva ufite stress kuri GBS, vugana n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe , nk'inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abantu. Itsinda rishinzwe ubufasha rishobora kandi kugufasha kuvugana n'abandi bafite ibyo bahuye na byo n'ibyiyumvo nk'ibyawe.

Indwara ya Guillain-Barré (GBS) ni indwara ikomeye ishobora guhindura ubuzima bwawe mu buryo butunguranye. Inkuru nziza ni uko abantu benshi barwaye GBS bakira neza iyo bavuwe. Ariko, bishobora gufata igihe. Gukira bishobora kugorana kandi bikananiza. Wibuke ko itsinda ry'abaganga riri kumwe nawe mu ntambwe zose. Kandi ntukibagirwe kubona ubufasha buturutse ku bakunzi bawe.

Reka twibuke ibintu by'ingenzi cyane (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

• Indwara ya Guillain-Barré ni indwara idakunze kugaragara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bwite bwibasiye imitsi yacu.
• Ibi bikunze kubaho nyuma y'indwara nk'umuriro, ibicurane, cyangwa impiswi.
• Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni intege nke z'imitsi no kubura ibinure, bitangirira mu maguru bigakwirakwira no mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umubiri.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka, kugorwa no kumira, ndetse no kudakora neza kw'imitsi yo mu maso na byo bishobora kubaho.
• Uramutse ubonye ibi bimenyetso, hita ubonana na muganga.Kuvura byihuse ni ingenzi cyane.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura nka plasmapheresis na IVIG bushobora kugenzura indwara no kwihutisha gukira.
• Bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo umuntu akire, kandi bishobora gusaba uburyo bwo kuvura indwara nk'ubuvuzi bw'umubiri.
• Nubwo abantu benshi bakira burundu, bamwe bashobora kugumana intege nke zimwe na zimwe.
• Nubwo ibi bigoye kwirinda, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe ugakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Niba ufite ikindi kibazo kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

Indwara ya Guillain -Barré, indwara z'imitsi, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, intege nke z'imitsi, gucika intege, GBS, indwara z'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri