HDL ni iki? Reka tuvuge ku gipimo cya cholesterol 'nziza' mu mubiri wacu (cholesterol ya HDL)

Iyo twumvise ijambo cholesterol, benshi muri twe turatinya, si byo se? Ibintu nka "Oh, ndibaza niba cholesterol yanjye iri hejuru," "Sinshobora kurya ibiryo bifite amavuta," biraza mu mutwe. Ariko se wari uzi ko ubwoko bwose bwa cholesterol atari bubi ku buzima bwacu? Mu by'ukuri hari ubwoko bwa cholesterol bufasha cyane umubiri wacu, bugakora nk' 'inshuti nziza'. Iyo ni cholesterol 'nziza', ni ukuvuga HDL, ari na yo tugiye kuvugaho uyu munsi.

Mu magambo make, HDL ni iki?

Igisobanuro cyuzuye cya HDL ni High-Density Lipoprotein . Ubu, iri zina rishobora kumvikana nk'aho rigoye, ariko mu by'ukuri ryoroshye cyane. Tekereza ko imiyoboro y'amaraso yawe ari yo mihanda minini mu mujyi. Nk'uko imodoka nyinshi n'imyanda idakenewe byirundanya muri iyi mihanda, cholesterol mbi (LDL) nayo ishobora kwirundanya mu miyoboro y'amaraso yacu.

Ni bwo ingenzi yacu, HDL, igaragara. HDL imeze nk'itsinda ry'abantu bakora isuku cyane mu mujyi bakora isuku muri iyi mihanda. Utu duce twa HDL tunyura mu miyoboro y'amaraso, tugafata cholesterol mbi idakenewe (LDL) yishyize ku nkuta ikayijyana mu mwijima. Mu mwijima niho iyi cholesterol mbi ikomeza gutunganywa no gukurwa mu mubiri. Niyo mpamvu twita HDL 'cholesterol nziza' kuko ifasha imiyoboro y'amaraso kugumana isuku.

Kuki HDL ari 'nziza' na LDL ari 'mbi'?

Mu by’ukuri, cholesterol ni ubwoko bw’ibinure buri selile mu mubiri wacu ikenera. Ariko ikibazo kiri mu buryo iyi cholesterol inyura mu maraso. Ntigenda yonyine, igendana na molekile zitwara poroteyine zitwa lipoprotein. HDL na LDL ni ubwoko bubiri bw’ibitwara. Imirimo yazo iratandukanye rwose. Reka tubisobanukirwe n’imbonerahamwe.

Byongeye kandi, HDL ikomeza imiterere y'imbere mu mitsi yacu (endothelium), ikayirinda gushwanyagurika cyangwa kwangirika. Ni nko gusiga sima ku rukuta, kuyibungabunga no kuyigumana neza.

Gusobanukirwa raporo ya cholesterol yawe (Profile ya Lipid)

Iyo upimwe amaraso kugira ngo urebe ko cholesterol yawe ingana, raporo ubona yitwa Lipid Profile. Ifite agaciro kanini. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo.

• Kolesteroli yose: Iyi ni igiteranyo cy'ubwoko bwose bwa kolesteroli mu mubiri wawe: HDL, LDL, na VLDL.
• LDL (Lipoporoteyine yo hasi): Iyi ni cholesterol 'mbi'. Uko urugero rurushaho kuba rwinshi, niko umutima urushaho kuba mubi.
• HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Iyi ni cholesterol 'nziza'. Uko agaciro kayo kaba kari hejuru, niko umutima wawe uba mwiza kurushaho.
• VLDL (Lipoporoteyine yo hasi cyane): Iyi nayo ni ubwoko bwa cholesterol mbi, nka LDL.
• Triglycerides: Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bw'ibinure byongerwa mu mubiri bivuye mu byo turya. Kwiyongera k'ubu buryo byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.

Igipimo cya HDL cyawe kigomba kuba kimeze gite?

Uko urugero rwa HDL ruri hejuru, ni ko rurushaho kuba rwiza. Muri rusange, urugero rwiza ni uru rukurikira:

• Igipimo cyiza cyo kurinda indwara z'umutima: 60 mg/dL cyangwa irenga.
• Ku bagabo: 40 mg/dL cyangwa irenga bigabanya ibyago.
• Ku bagore: 50 mg/dL cyangwa irenga bigabanya ibyago.
• Ku bana bari hagati y'imyaka 2 na 19: 45 mg/dL cyangwa irenga bifatwa nk'ibisanzwe.

Ariko, niba urugero rwawe rwa HDL ruri munsi ya 40 mg/dL (abagabo) cyangwa 50 mg/dL (abagore), bishobora kuba impamvu yongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera urugero rwa HDL ruke?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma urugero rwa HDL mu mubiri wawe rugabanuka:

• Indwara za genetiki: Hari abantu badashobora kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol yabo bitewe n'impamvu za genetiki. Indwara ya Tangier na hyperlipidemie yo mu muryango ni indwara ebyiri nk'izo.
• Indwara za Metabolic Syndrome: Indwara zitandukanye, zirimo diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, n'umubyibuho ukabije wo mu nda, zishobora gutuma urugero rwa HDL rugabanuka.
• Umubyibuho ukabije: Kwiyongera k'ibiro by'umubiri, cyane cyane iyo ibinure byinjijwe mu gice cy'inda, bishobora gutuma urugero rwa HDL rugabanuka.
• Kunywa itabi no kurinywa: Nikotine iri mu itabi igabanya mu buryo butaziguye urugero rwa cholesterol 'nziza' yawe.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe: Imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (nk'imiti igabanya umuvuduko wa beta) ishobora no kugabanya urugero rwa HDL.

Ese HDL nyinshi cyane na yo ni ikibazo?

Nubwo muri rusange bifatwa nk'ibikwiye kugira HDL nyinshi, mu bihe bidasanzwe, urugero rwa HDL ruri hejuru cyane (urugero, ruri hejuru cyane ya 80 mg/dL) rushobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'uturemangingo. Kubwibyo, niba ubonye ibitagenda neza muri raporo ya cholesterol yawe, ni byiza kubibwira muganga wawe.

None se, ni iki twakora kugira ngo twongere HDL?

Niba urugero rwa HDL rwawe ruri hasi, hari ibintu byinshi wakora kugira ngo wongere. Ibi ni byiza cyane ku buzima bwawe muri rusange.

1. Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri, nko kugenda n'amaguru, kwiruka, koga, cyangwa kugendera ku igare, mu gihe cy'iminota 30-60 ku munsi, iminsi myinshi y'icyumweru.

2. Kureka kunywa itabi burundu: Ibi ni ngombwa. Numara guhagarika kunywa itabi, urugero rwa HDL mu mubiri wawe ruziyongera buhoro buhoro.

3. Gumana ibiro byiza mu mubiri: Kugabanya ibiro ntibyongera gusa HDL, ahubwo binakurinda izindi ndwara nyinshi, nk'indwara z'umutima na diyabete.

4. Shyira indyo yuzuye: Gabanya kurya ibinure, bikaranze, isukari, n'ibiryo byihuse uko bishoboka kose. Ahubwo, shyiramo imboga, imbuto, ibinyampeke, ibinyampeke byuzuye (ingano zuzuye, amashu), amafi, avoka, n'ibinure byiza nk'amavuta ya elayo mu ndyo yawe.

5. Gabanya kunywa inzoga: Niba unywa inzoga, bikora mu rugero.

Ubusanzwe abaganga bakugira inama yo kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol yawe nibura rimwe mu myaka itanu. Ariko, niba ufite ibindi bintu bishobora gutuma urwara, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupimwa kenshi.