Imbaraga z'ibanga z'ingabo z'umubiri wacu: Byose ku ngirabuzimafatizo za T zifasha

Ese wigeze utekereza ko hari intambara ikomeye iri kubera mu mibiri yacu? Yego, mu by'ukuri hari intambara ikomeye iri kubera mu mibiri yacu buri segonda. Ingabo zacu zirwana buri gihe n'abanzi nka mikorobe, bagiteri, na virusi zituruka hanze. Ingabo zitwa ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri . Rero, hari itsinda ryihariye ry'abashinzwe iperereza muri iyi ngabo. Nibo babanza kumenya umwanzi no gutanga amabwiriza ku bandi basirikare ku bwoko bw'igitero bagomba kugaba. Abo bashinzwe iperereza nibo twita "uturemangingo tw'ubutabazi." Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri izi ntwari nto, ariko zikomeye cyane.

Mu magambo make, izi selile T zifasha ni izihe?

Uturemangingo twa T two gufasha ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'uturemangingo mu budahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Mu by'ukuri, ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera. Akazi kabo k'ingenzi ni ukumenya ubwandu mu mubiri no gukoresha izindi turemangingo z'ubudahangarwa kugira ngo ziburwanye. Ni nk'abayobozi bashinzwe igikorwa cyose.

Izi selile T zikorwa kandi zigatozwa mu gahu gato ko hejuru y'igituza cyacu, inyuma y'igufwa ry'igituza. Zitwa thymus . Iyi thymus imeze nk'ishuri ry'imyitozo aho abasirikare batozwa. Iri shuri ry'imyitozo rikora ubwoko butandukanye bwa selile T, buri imwe ifite ubushobozi bwayo bwihariye.

Reka turebe ayo matsinda ayo ari yo:

Uruhare rwabo mu mikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ni uruhe?

Ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bufite ibice bibiri. Kimwe ni ubudahangarwa karemano, tuvukana. Ikindi ni ubudahangarwa bwigenga, dukura uko turwara tugakingirwa. Ubu budahangarwa bwigenga ni ubw'ubwenge cyane. Bushobora kwibuka umwanzi wabayeho mbere kandi bukamurimbura vuba iyo uwo mwanzi yongeye kugaruka.

Rero, ubwonko bw'ubu buryo bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bw'ubwenge bushobora kwihuza n'ibintu ni ingenzi mu bidukikije, ari zo ngirabuzimafatizo za T zifasha. Iyo zitabaho, iki gikorwa nticyashoboka. Gikoresha ahanini bataliyoni ebyiri:

1. Uturemangingo twa B: Utu ni utwunga tw’intwaro tw’umubiri wacu. Iyo twahawe amabwiriza n’uturemangingo twa T tw’inyongera, uturemangingo twa B dukora ubwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine. Utwo turemangingo tw’inyongera ni nk’ibisasu bijya aho umuntu ashaka. Bikora uturemangingo twihariye dukwiriye buri turemangingo. Utwo turemangingo tw’inyongera tujya aho uturemangingo tw’inyongera tujya, tugakora.

2. Uturemangingo twa T duto: Izi ni imbaraga zidasanzwe . Iyo zihawe amabwiriza n'uturemangingo twa T dufasha, zihita zijya ku rugamba. Zijya gusanga uturemangingo mu mibiri yacu twandujwe na mikorobe nka virusi, maze zigasenya utwo turemangingo. Icyo gihe virusi ntiyongera gukwirakwira.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twa T dufasha?

Yego, birahari. Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'umwanzi, utu tunyangingo twa T dufasha dukorerwa imyitozo yihariye kandi tugabanyijemo amatsinda abiri. Ayo ni TH1 na TH2.

• Uturemangingo tw’ubufasha twa TH1: Utwo turemangingo turwanya by’umwihariko abatwibasira nka bagiteri na virusi biba byihishe mu turemangingo twacu. Twohereza ubutumwa kandi tugakoresha ubundi bwoko bw’uturemangingo twitwa macrophage . Macrophage ni zo zitwara imyanda mu mubiri.Nk’uko. Zijya zigafata mikorobe n’uduce tw’uturemangingo twapfuye, zigasukura aho urugamba rwaberaga. Kandi zigakoresha uturemangingo twa TH1, izo mbaraga zidasanzwe twavuze mbere, uturemangingo twa T dufite uburozi.

• Uturemangingo tw’ubufasha twa TH2: Utwo turemangingo twibanda ku banzi banini nk’udukoko turi hanze y’uturemangingo n’ibintu bitera allergie. Ni two dukora uturemangingo twa B kandi tugakora uturemangingo tw’umubiri dufitanye isano na allergie. Iyo ugize ivumbi, urimo kwitsamura, iyo uriye ibiryo, urwara impiswi, uranakorora... Utwo turemangingo twa TH2 turi inyuma y’ibintu nk’ibi. Tugerageza gukuraho ibintu byangiza byinjiye mu mubiri vuba bishoboka.

Utu tunyangingo dukora gute? Mbega uburyo butangaje!

Ibi bisa n'inkuru ishimishije cyane. Selile T y'umufasha ntabwo ikora gusa. Igomba kwakira ikimenyetso cyihariye.

Tekereza ko bagiteri yinjiye mu mubiri wacu. Ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri bufite uturemangingo tugenzura umubiri. Aka karemangingo gafata bagiteri kakagaragaza agace gato kayo hejuru yayo. Ni nk'aho polisi ifata umujura ikamwereka ifoto ye. Molekile igaragaza ibi yitwa molekile ya MHC yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri .

Noneho selile yacu ya T ifasha iraza irabigenzura. Hari recepteur yihariye ku buso bw'iselile ya T ifasha, yitwa recepteur ya CD4 . Iyi recepteur ya CD4 ni nk'urufunguzo, igomba kwinjira neza mu gifunga cyitwa molekile ya MHC yo mu cyiciro cya kabiri.

Iyo urufunguzo rumaze kwinjira mu ifunga, umufasha wa selile T "atangira gukora." Ibyo bivuze ko yumva ati "Sawa, ubu hari umwanzi mu mubiri, ngomba gutangira akazi."

Hanyuma, iyi selile T ifasha ikora isohora ubutumwa bw'ibinyabutabire bwitwa cytokines . Izi selile zijya kubwira izindi selile z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (nk'iselile B, selile T zihumanya umubiri, macrophages) ngo zize zirwane ziti "Ngwino vuba, hari intambara!" Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwose buhuzwa n'ubu butumwa bwa cytokines.

Utu turemangingo twa T dufasha tuba turi he mu mubiri wacu?

Uturemangingo twa T tuvukira mu musemburo w'amagufwa yacu. Ariko aho ngaho tuba tumeze nk'impinja. Dutozwa kandi tugahindurwa abasirikare beza mu ishuri ry'amahugurwa ryitwa thymus gland twavuze mbere. Muri iri shuri ry'amahugurwa niho bigishwa gutandukanya "uyu ni uturemangingo twacu, uyu ni umwanzi uturutse hanze." Ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Bitabaye ibyo, bashobora kwibasira uturemangingo twacu.

Iyo bamaze gutozwa, aba basirikare b'abahanga bashyirwa mu mubiri wose, cyane cyane mu bice aho abanzi bashobora kwinjira cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ahantu hakunze kuboneka uturemangingo twa T dufasha ni:

• Uduce tw'imitsi - nk'ibirindiro bya gisirikare.
• Umugongo
• Tonsils - Ubwa mbere zivura mikorobe zinjira mu muhogo.
• Ibihaha - ku mikorobe zinjira mu guhumeka.
• Amara - ku mikorobe zinjira mu biribwa.
• Umworo w'amagufwa

Ni izihe ndwara zigira ingaruka ku turemangingo twa T dufasha?

Iyo imikorere y'uturemangingo twa T dufasha, dukora akazi gakomeye nk'ako, ihungabana, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bwose bushobora gusenyuka. Ibi nibyo bibaho mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe.

• VIH (Virusi itera SIDA): Ushobora kuba warumvise VIH. Iyi virusi yibasira uturemangingo twa T tw’abafasha. Ni ukuvuga ko isenya abayobozi b’ingabo zacu. Iyo abayobozi bagiye, nta muntu uhari wo kuyobora ingabo. Ingaruka zabyo ni uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bucika intege burundu, ndetse na mikorobe ubusanzwe zitaduteza ingaruka mbi cyane zigatangira gutera indwara zikomeye. SIDA ni yo ntambwe ya nyuma.
• Indwara ziterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri: Hari igihe ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwacu bugenda nabi bugatangira kwibasira uturemangingo twacu twiza, twibwira ko ari abanzi. Muri izo ndwara, hari n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu mikorere y’uturemangingo twa T.
• Kanseri: Amoko amwe ya kanseri, nka kanseri y’imitsi ikabije (acute lymphocytic leukemia) na kanseri ya Hodgkin y’abantu bakuru (adult Hodgkin lymphoma), yibasira utwo turemangingo tw’umubiri.
• Indwara zidasanzwe zo mu ngirabuzimafatizo: Imikorere y’uturemangingo twa T nayo irangirika mu ndwara nka Job syndrome na Thymic aplasia (kunanirwa kwa thymus gland).

Niba ufite gushidikanya kuri kimwe muri ibi bibazo, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana na muganga wawe vuba kugira ngo akugire inama.

Ni iki twakora kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza?

Ni inshingano zacu bwite gukomeza umutekano wacu. Ntibisaba impinduka zikomeye. Bisaba gusa impinduka zoroheje mu mibereho.

• Indyo Nziza: Tugomba guha ingabo zacu intungamubiri zikenewe. Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo imbuto nshya, imboga, imboga mbisi, poroteyine zitarimo ibinure byinshi (nk'amafi, amagi, n'ibishyimbo), n'ibinure byiza . Kugabanya ibinyobwa birimo isukari, ibiryo by'ubukorano, n'ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi uko bishoboka kose.
• Gusinzira bihagije: Gusinzira ni cyo gihe imibiri yacu yisana kandi uturemangingo tw’umubiri wacu tugasubiramo imbaraga. Ni ngombwa ko nibura amasaha 7-8 yo gusinzira neza kandi nta nkomyi buri joro .
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri munsi kugeza ubwo ubyibushye bifasha mu kwimura uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri mu mubiri wose. Gerageza kugenda n’amaguru, kwiruka, cyangwa kugendera ku igare byibuze iminota 30 ku munsi.
• Kugabanya stress: Stress ikabije igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Humura ubwenge bwawe ukora ibintu nko gutekereza cyane, yoga, kumva umuziki, cyangwa gukora ibintu ukunda.
• Irinde kunywa itabi n'inzoga:Ibi byombi ni abanzi b'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Niba unywa itabi, rekera aho. Gabanya kunywa inzoga uko bishoboka kose.
• Isuku: Gukaraba intoki zawe buri gihe n'isabune bishobora gufasha cyane mu kwirinda mikorobe kwinjira mu mubiri ziturutse hanze.