Ese wigeze wumva HTLV-1 (Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1) ? Reka tubiganireho!

Ushobora kuba warumvise virusi nka 'HIV'. Ariko ushobora kuba utarabyumva byinshi kuri virusi ya 'HTLV-1'. Iyi nayo ni ubwoko bwa virusi ishobora kwinjira mu turemangingo tw'umubiri wacu igatera indwara. Ariko ntugahangayike, abantu benshi ntibazagira ikibazo gikomeye na yo. Ariko ni byiza kubimenya, sibyo? Reka turebe icyo 'HTLV-1' ari cyo, uko ikura, n'icyo wakora kuri yo.

HTLV-1 ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye!

HTLV-1 isobanura Human T-lymphotropic Virus type-1 . Iyi ni iy'itsinda rya virusi zitwa Retrovirusi. Wibuka ko twavuze kuri HIV nka Retrovirusi? Kimwe mu bintu byihariye by'izi Retrovirusi ni uko iyo zinjiye mu turemangingo twacu, amakuru yazo ya genetiki, ni ukuvuga ibikoresho byazo bya genetiki, yinjizwa muri ADN y'uturemangingo twacu. Tekereza nk'icyorezo cyinjiye muri mudasobwa.

Virusi ya HIV na virusi ya HTLV-1 byombi byibasira T cells mu budahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Ariko uburyo bikora buratandukanye cyane. HIV isenya T cells kandi igaca intege ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Ariko HTLV-1 ntisenya T cells nk'izo. Mu by'ukuri, abantu benshi banduye HTLV-1 ntibagaragaza ibimenyetso. Babaho nk'abantu bazima.

Ariko, igice gito cyane cy'abantu banduye, nyuma y'imyaka myinshi, wenda imyaka 30 kugeza kuri 60, barwara indwara ebyiri. Imwe ni kanseri y'amaraso yitwa Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL cyangwa ATLL). Indi ni indwara y'imitsi yitwa HTLV-1- associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Ese hari ubundi bwoko bwa HTLV?

Yego, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa virusi za HTLV zanduza abantu. Urugero, hari HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 na HTLV-4. Ibi byose bitera kwandura ubuzima bwose. Ariko, kugeza ubu, HTLV-1 ni yo yonyine itera indwara runaka.

Iyi HTLV-1 ikunze kugaragara gute? Ese iboneka muri Sri Lanka?

Virusi ya HTLV iboneka mu bice byinshi by'isi. Impuguke zivuga ko abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 5 na 20 ku isi banduye HTLV-1. Ariko, igipimo cy'ubwandu gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ibihugu n'uturere.

Urugero, muri Amerika ya Ruguru, abaturage bari munsi ya 1% bafite iyi ndwara. Ariko, mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'Ubuyapani, Afurika, Amerika y'Epfo, Ositaraliya, Irani, na Karayibe, abaturage barenga kimwe cya gatatu bavugwaho kugira iyi ndwara. Biragoye kubona amakuru asobanutse neza ku kibazo cya Sri Lanka, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya virusi nk'izo.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi? Ese bibaho kuri buri wese?

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere,Abenshi mu bantu banduye HTLV-1 ntibagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ntibanazi ko bafite virusi. Ibimenyetso bigaragara gusa nyuma y'imyaka myinshi yanduye, iyo indwara zavuzwe haruguru nka ATL cyangwa HAM/TSP zitangiye kugaragara.

Ibimenyetso bya ATL (Leukemia/Lymphoma y’uturemangingo tw’abantu bakuru) bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kumva unaniwe igihe cyose (Umunaniro)
• Uduheri ku ruhu, indwara zimeze nk'iz'izuba
• Utunyangingo tw'imitsi tubyimbye - nko mu ijosi, mu kwaha no mu kibuno
• Impatwe
• Gutakaza kwibuka, urujijo
• Kubabara amagufwa

Ibimenyetso bya HAM/TSP (HTLV-1-affiliated myopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis) bishobora kuba birimo:

• Intege nke cyangwa gukomera byiyongera buhoro buhoro ku kuguru kumwe cyangwa yombi
• Kubabara umugongo
• Kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari
• Kubura ibinure mu maguru, kumva urimo gushyuha (peripheral neuropathy)

Ni izihe ndwara zindi zishobora guterwa na HTLV-1?

Hafi umuntu umwe kuri 20 (hafi 5%) wanduye virusi ya HTLV-1 arwara indwara zitwa ATL (kanseri) cyangwa HAM/TSP (indwara y’imitsi).

• ATL ni ubwoko bwa kanseri ivuka mu maraso . Ifite kandi ubwoko butandukanye (nk'ubwa acute, lymphoma, smoldering, chronic). Uburyo bwo kuvura n'uburyo buri bwoko butanga ubwishingizi bushobora gutandukana gato.
• HAM/TSP ni indwara igira ingaruka ku mitsi. Ifite ibintu bisa na Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Itera intege nke z'imitsi n'ibibazo bigenda bikura mu mitsi.

Uretse izi ndwara ebyiri z'ingenzi, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ko HTLV-1 ishobora no gutera indwara zimwe na zimwe zirimo ububyimbirwe n'iziterwa n'umubiri . Ariko, isano nyayo hagati yazo ntirasobanuka neza. Zimwe muri izo ndwara zirimo:

• Uruhu rw'uruhu
• Rubagimpande
• Kubyimba ibice by'imbere by'ijisho (Uveitis)
• Indwara ya Sjögren

Indwara ziterwa na HTLV-1 zikura gute? Kuki abantu bose batazirwara?

Iyo virusi ya HTLV-1 yinjiye mu mibiri yacu, ihita ijya mu tunyangingo twa CD4 (tuzwi kandi nka helper T-cells) mu budahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri. Utu tunyangingo twa CD4 tumeze nk'abapolisi b'umubiri wacu, ubwoko bw'utunyangingo tudufasha kwirinda indwara.

Ubu, virusi nka HTLV-1 zitwara amakuru yazo ya genetiki mu kintu cyitwa RNA. Iyo zinjiye mu turemangingo twacu, virusi ihindura RNA yayo mu buryo bw'ubuhanga ikayihindura ikintu gisa na ADN irimo amakuru y'uturemangingo twacu. Hanyuma, agace ka ADN (kitwa provirus) yakoze kiyinjiza muri ADN y'uturemangingo twacu. Mu yandi magambo, virusi yinjiza agace kayo muri porogaramu igenzura uturemangingo twacu.

Ubu uturemangingo twacu, twibwira ko agace ka 'DNA' ya virusi ari igice cyayo, dutangira gukora kopi nyinshi za virusi. Izi kopi nshya za virusi ya 'HTLV' zigenda zitera izindi selile nyinshi za 'CD4'. Nubwo virusi ikwirakwira mu mubiri muri ubwo buryo, ubusanzwe nta bimenyetso biyitera.

Ariko, kuri bamwe, nyuma y'imyaka myinshi, iyi ndwara ituma umubiri wabo ukora "T cells" nyinshi cyane. Icyo gihe ni bwo indwara yitwa "ATL" leukemia ibaho. Mu bindi bihe, iyi virusi ishobora kwanduza uturemangingo tw'imitsi igatera indwara yitwa "HAM/TSP". Impamvu ibi bibaho kuri bamwe gusa iracyari gukorwaho ubushakashatsi.

Iyi virusi ya HTLV-1 yandurira ite umuntu umwe ijya ku wundi?

Hari uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi virusi ya HTLV-1 ishobora kwanduriramo. Ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ibi bikurikira:

• Binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina: imibonano mpuzabitsina ikozwe mu gitsina, mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa idakingiye.
• Kuva ku mubyeyi kugeza ku mwana binyuze mu konsa: Iyo umubyeyi wanduye yonsa umwana we.
• Mu gusangira inshinge: Cyane cyane mu bantu batera ibiyobyabwenge.
• Gake cyane: Binyuze mu guterwa amaraso cyangwa guterwa ingingo. Ariko, mu bihugu byinshi, amaraso n'ingingo zitangwa ubu zirapimwa virusi, bityo kwandura binyuze muri ubu buryo ni gake cyane.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara HTLV-1?

Hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo kwandura HTLV-1:

• Gutera imiti iterwa nta muganga wanditse.
• Kuvuka cyangwa gutura mu gace kagaragaramo virusi ya HTLV.

Hari uturere dufite umubare munini w'abandura HTLV-1 harimo:

• Uburengerazuba bw'Amajyepfo y'u Buyapani
• Ibihugu bya Afurika biri mu majyepfo y'ubutayu bwa Sahara (Afurika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara)
• Uduce tumwe na tumwe twa Amerika y'Epfo
• Ibirwa bya Karayibe
• Irani y'Amajyaruguru
• Ositaraliya yo Hagati

Icy'ingenzi: Ndetse no mu gihugu kimwe, igipimo cy'ubwandu si kimwe mu turere twose. Uduce tumwe na tumwe dushobora kugira igipimo cyo hejuru cy'ubwandu, nubwo igipimo rusange cyaba kiri hasi.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'ubwandu bwa HTLV-1?

Virusi ya HTLV-1 yonyine ntabwo igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Ariko, iyo ATL (kanseri) cyangwa HAM/TSP (indwara y'imitsi) ivutse, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bushobora gucika intege.Ibi bishobora gutera indwara z’indengakamere zitakunze kuboneka ku bantu bazima. Zimwe muri izi ndwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.

Ni gute wamenya neza ubwandu bwa HTLV-1?

Abaganga bapima ubwandu bwa HTLV-1 bakoresheje isuzuma ry'amaraso. Iki kizamini gisuzuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (antibodies) bwakozwe mu mubiri burwanya virusi ya HTLV, cyangwa niba hari imiterere y'uturemangingo (RNA) twa virusi.

Ariko, iki si ikizamini gisanzwe kuri buri wese. Muganga ashobora kukwohereza kuri iki kizamini mu bihe bikurikira:

• Niba ufite ikibazo cy’uburwayi (urugero: ibimenyetso bya ATL cyangwa HAM/TSP) utekereza ko gishobora kuba gifitanye isano n’ubwandu bwa HTLV-1.
• Niba utuye mu gace kagaragaramo ubwandu bwa HTLV kandi ukaba uteganya konsa.
• Niba wifuza kuba umutanga amaraso cyangwa umutanga ingingo z'umubiri (ubu ni ikizamini gisabwa ahantu henshi).

Ese hari uburyo bwo kuvura HTLV-1? Ese ishobora kuvurwa?

Mu by'ukuri, nta muti uraboneka kugeza ubu wa virusi ya HTLV-1. Ni ukuvuga ko virusi idashobora gukurwaho burundu mu mubiri. Ariko, hari uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ATL na HAM/TSP ziterwa na HTLV-1.

Ibi bikoreshwa nk'ubuvuzi bwa ATL (kanseri):

• Imiti ikoreshwa mu bundi bwoko bwa lymphoma, urugero nka chemotherapy .
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi, nka zidovudine (Retrovir®) na interferon alfa. Ariko, si ubwoko bwose bwa ATL bukira kuri iyi miti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi.
• Gutera uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo. Ibi ntibishoboka kuri buri wese ufite ATL. Ariko iyo bigenze neza, bishobora kongera igihe cyo kubaho.

Ku bantu barwaye HAM/TSP (indwara z’imitsi), uburyo bukurikira bwo kuvura bukoreshwa mu kugabanya ibimenyetso no gutanga ubutabazi:

• Interferon alfa.
• Kugabanya ububyimbirwe ukoresheje imiti ya Corticosteroids.
• Interferon beta. Ibi bishobora gufasha kugabanya ububyimbirwe no gukumira kwangirika kw'imitsi.
• Kugabanya imitsi no kugorama kwayo ukoresheje Baclofen (Lioresal ®) cyangwa tizanidine.
• Oxybutynin ivura indwara yo kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari.

Bigenda bite iyo mfite HTLV-1? Ese nkwiye guhangayika?

Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi. Si buri wese ufite virusi ya HTLV-1 uzarwara ATL cyangwa HAM/TSP. Mu by'ukuri, abenshi mu bayanduye bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe batarwaye izi ndwara zikomeye.

Ariko, iyo ugize izi ndwara, uko zigenda zigaragara biterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara ufite. Abantu bafite ubwoko bwa ATL butuje cyangwa budakira bashobora kugira umusaruro mwiza kurusha abafite ubundi bwoko bw'indwara. Nubwo HAM/TSP igenda irushaho kuba mbi uko igihe kigenda gihita, ushobora kubaho imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo nyuma yo kurwara indwara.

Ni gute nakwirinda iyi virusi ya HTLV-1? Ese hari uburyo bwo kuyirinda?

Yego, hari ibintu dushobora gukora kugira ngo hirindwe ikwirakwira rya virusi ya HTLV-1.

• Gupima amaraso n'ingingo zatanzwe kugira ngo harebwe niba nta virusi ya HTLV-1 yakwirakwiriye bishobora gufasha mu gukumira ikwirakwira ry'iyi virusi.
• Ushobora gukora ibi kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byawe bwite:
• Irinde gutera imiti udafite uruhushya rwa muganga.
• Irinde kongera gukoresha inshinge zimwe cyangwa kuzisangira n'abandi.
• Irinde imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye. Buri gihe koresha agakingirizo ka latex mu gihe cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina iyo ari yo yose (mu gitsina, mu kibuno, cyangwa mu kanwa).
• Niba warapimwe indwara ya HTLV-1, irinde konsa no gutanga amaraso. Niba ufite HTLV-1 kandi ukaba ushaka konsa, shaka inama kwa muganga w’inararibonye muri HTLV-1. Gusuka amashereka mu ibere no kuyakonjesha, hanyuma ukayashongesha, bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwanduza umwana wawe virusi, ariko ni ngombwa gushaka inama kwa muganga mbere yo kubikora.

HTLV igaragaza iki?

Kuba ufite HTLV bivuze ko ufite HTLV-1 cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwa HTLV mu mubiri wawe. Ntibivuze ko uzarwara ATL cyangwa HAM/TSP. Niba ufite HTLV-1, hari ingamba ushobora gufata kugira ngo wirinde gukwirakwiza virusi ku bandi (nko kutayonsa, kwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye).

Iyi 'HTLV' iteje akaga gakomeye gute?

Virusi ya HTLV, iyo uyifashe wenyine, ubusanzwe ntabwo iba ari mbi kandi ntabwo itera ibimenyetso. Ariko, ni ngombwa kuyimenya, kuko HTLV-1 rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera kanseri, indwara zo mu bwonko, cyangwa indwara zo kubyimba.

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ibibazo bijyanye no kwipimisha HTLV-1, cyangwa niba ufite HTLV-1 kandi ukaba ushaka kumenya ingamba ugomba gufata, menya neza ko wavugana na muganga. Ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya niba utuye mu gace kakunze kugaragaramo HTLV-1.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Sawa, twavuze byinshi kuri 'HTLV-1,' si byo se? Wibuke ko nubwo iyi ari virusi iboneka hirya no hino ku isi, ntabwo ikunze kugaragara ahantu henshi. Ni bake cyane mu banduye barwara indwara zikomeye.

Igikuru ni uko, ntugahangayikishwe no gupimwa HTLV-1.Abantu benshi bashobora kubaho ubuzima bwiza badafite ibimenyetso. Ariko, kumenya iyi virusi, uburyo ikwirakwira, n'uburyo bwo kuyirinda bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda no mu kwirinda abagukikije.

Niba ufite ibindi bibazo kuri ibi, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga uzi ibi. Komeza ugire ubuzima bwiza!

HTLV -1, Virusi ya Retrovirusi, ATL, HAM/TSP, Kanseri, Indwara z'imitsi, ubwandu bwa virusi