Hypercalcemia: Impamvu, ibimenyetso, n'uburyo bwo kuvura mu magambo make

Twese tuzi akamaro ka calcium ku mubiri, cyane cyane ku magufwa yacu. Kuva mu bwana bwacu, ba nyina bagiye batubwira ko "kunywa amata bikomeza amagufwa." Ariko se wigeze utekereza ku cyaba iyo iyi calcium yitwa nziza yiyongereye cyane mu maraso yacu? Ibyo ni byo twita hypercalcemia mu buvuzi. Uyu munsi, turabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Hypercalcemia ni iki mu by'ukuri?

Muri make, hypercalcemia ni igihe ufite kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso yawe kuruta uko bisanzwe. Ibi bishobora kuba ukwiyongera guke kw'igihe gito, cyangwa bikaba indwara idakira kandi ihoraho.

Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uko bigenda iyo kalisiyumu iri mu magufwa yawe igeze mu maraso yawe. Mu by'ukuri, kalisiyumu nyinshi iri mu mubiri wawe iba iri mu magufwa yawe. Ariko kugira ngo ugire imikorere myiza, ugomba no kugira kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe.

Dore ibintu kalisiyumu iri mu maraso ikora ku mubiri wacu:

• Imikorere myiza y'urusobe rw'imitsi: Ibi bifasha mu byo dutekereza, twumva, kandi tugategeka byose.
• Kugabanuka kw'imitsi: Kalisiyumu mu maraso ifasha imitsi kugenda, kugenda, no gukora ingendo iyo ari yo yose.
• Amaraso afungana: Bifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso iyo habayeho imvune.
• Imikorere myiza y'umutima: Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo umutima ugumane umuvuduko ukwiye.

Umubiri wacu ugenzura iki gipimo cya kalisiyumu mu buryo butangaje cyane. Imisemburo ibiri ifasha muri ibi. Imwe ni imisemburo ya parathyroid, indi ni calcitonin. Vitamine D nayo igira uruhare runini hano, kuko vitamine D ifasha umubiri kwinjiza kalisiyumu mu biribwa turya.

Ariko, bitewe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe, imiti, n'izindi mpamvu, ubu buryo bwo kugenzura bushobora guhungabana kandi urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso rukongera kwiyongera. Iki ni cyo gihe hypercalcemia ibaho.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya hypercalcemia na hypocalcemia

Nubwo aya magambo yombi yumvikana kimwe, ibisobanuro byayo biratandukanye rwose.

• Hyper: Ijambo ry'Icyongereza "Hyper" risobanura "kurenze urugero." Ibyo bivuze ko hypercalcemia ari ukwiyongera kwa kalisiyumu mu maraso.
• Hypo: Ijambo "Hypo" risobanura "hasi." Ibyo bivuze ko hypocalcemia ari urugero ruto rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso.

Ni nde ushobora kugira iyi ndwara kurusha abandi?

Hypercalcemia ishobora kubaho mu myaka iyo ari yo yose, ku muntu uwo ari we wese. Ariko, ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bagore barengeje imyaka 50 .Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane, cyane cyane nyuma yo gucura. Impamvu nyamukuru ibitera ni imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’amaraso dukoresha parathyroid.

Bivugwa ko hagati ya 1% na 2% by'abaturage muri rusange bafite iyi ndwara. Ariko, 90% byabyo biterwa n'ikibazo cyavuzwe haruguru cy'uturemangingo twa parathyroid (hyperparathyroidism y'ibanze) cyangwa kanseri.

Ariko, iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso rubaye rwinshi cyane, bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye.

• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko
• Umutima utari umeze neza (Arrhythmia)
• Guhungabana mu kwibuka no mu bwenge (Guhuzagurika)
• Kujya muri koma

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya hypercalcemia?

Kubera ko iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara hakiri kare, abantu benshi ntibagira ibimenyetso. Ariko, iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu ruri hejuru gato cyangwa iyo ndwara imaze igihe kinini, ibimenyetso bikurikira bishobora kubaho.

Kuki kalisiyumu mu maraso yiyongera gutya?

Hari indwara zirenga 25 zishobora gutera hypercalcemia. Imiti imwe n'imwe no kubura amazi mu mubiri nabyo bishobora kuyitera. Ariko nk'uko twabivuze mbere, impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi ni hyperparathyroidism na kanseri.

1. Ikibazo cy'uturemangingo twa parathyroid (Indwara y'ibanze ya hyperparathyroidism)

Hari utunyangingo tune duto mu ijosi ryacu, inyuma ya tiroyide. Utwo tunyangingo twitwa parathyroid glands. Utwo tunyangingo dukora parathyroid hormone (PTH). Iyi hormone ni yo igenzura urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso.

Tekereza, iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yacu rugabanutse, utwo turemangingo dusohora imisemburo ya PTH. Iyo misemburo iragenda ikavana kalisiyumu mu magufwa ikayishyira mu maraso, ikabuza impyiko kurekura kalisiyumu, kandi igafasha amara kwinjiza kalisiyumu. Muri ubwo buryo, urugero rwa kalisiyumu rusubizwa ku rugero rusanzwe.

Ariko, iyo imwe cyangwa nyinshi muri izi ngirabuzimafatizo enye zigize imikorere ikabije , nubwo urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso rwaba rugarutse ku rugero rusanzwe, imisemburo ya PTH ntizahwema gusohoka. Hanyuma kalisiyumu iva mu magufwa izakomeza kongerwa mu maraso, bigatuma urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso rwiyongera.

2. Kanseri

Hafi 2% bya kanseri bifitanye isano na hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia yo kurwara kanseri ikunze kubaho vuba kandi ishobora kuba mbi cyane. Ibi biterwa nuko zimwe mu selile za kanseri zikora poroteyine (PTHrP) ikora nk'umusemburo wa PTH cyangwa ikarekura kalisiyumu mu kwangiza amagufwa.

Ubwoko bwa kanseri bushobora gutera iyi ndwara:

• Kanseri y'ibihaha
• Kanseri y'ibere
• Myeloma nyinshi (kanseri y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru)
• Kanseri y'impyiko
• Kanseri y'amaraso (Leukemia)
• Lymphoma (kanseri y'urusobe rw'amaraso)

3. Imiti imwe n'imwe

Imiti imwe n'imwe na vitamine dufata na byo bishobora gutera ibi.

• Imiti ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso yitwa Thiazide diuretics (imiti ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso), nka hydrochlorothiazide .
• Lithium ( umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe).
• Gufata Vitamine D nyinshi, Vitamine A, cyangwa inyunganiramirire ya kalisiyumu .

4. Izindi mpamvu

Uretse ibi, hari izindi mpamvu nyinshi zidasanzwe:

• Indwara z'ibihaha nka sarcoidosis n'igituntu.
• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko.
• Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis).
• Kudashobora kugenda.
• Indwara z'amagufwa nka Paget's disease of the flesh.

Ni gute wamenya iyi ndwara?

Ibi bikunze kugaragara hakoreshejwe isuzuma ryoroheje ry'amaraso. Muganga wawe azapima urugero rwa kalisiyumu yawe mu gihe cyo gupima amaraso y'ibanze (BMP) cyangwa mu isuzuma ry'amaraso ryuzuye (CMP).

Uburemere bw'iyi ndwara bushyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso.

Muganga wawe aramutse amenye ko urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru, azakubaza ibijyanye n'imiti yawe, amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe, n'ibindi bintu. Hanyuma, azagutegeka ko hakorwa ibindi bipimo bike kugira ngo hamenyekane icyabiteye.

• Isuzuma ry'amaraso ripima urugero rw'imisemburo ya parathyroid (PTH).
• Isuzuma ry'amaraso kugira ngo harebwe urugero rwa Vitamine D.
• Ikizamini gipima ingano ya kalisiyumu isohoka mu nkari.

Iyo hari ukeka ko impamvu ari ikibazo kiri mu mitsi yo mu bwoko bwa parathyroid, hashobora gutangwa isuzuma rya ultrasound cyangwa isuzuma rya CT kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ikibyimba cyangwa kubyimba mu mitsi.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura hypercalcemia?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'icyateye iyo ndwara n'uburemere bwayo.

Ku bantu bafite ibibazo byoroheje

Niba urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu mubiri wawe ruri hejuru gato, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo:

• Nywa amazi menshi: Ibi bifasha gusohora kalisiyumu nyinshi mu mpyiko.
• Guhindura imiti: Niba ufata imiti yo mu bwoko bwa thiazide ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ushobora gusabwa kuyihindura.
• Hagarika gufata ibinini by'inyongeramusaruro: Niba ufata ibinini bya kalisiyumu, vitamine D, cyangwa ibinini bya gastritis, hagarika kubifata cyangwa ugabanye urugero nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse .

Niba hari ikibazo ku gasabo k'imitsi

Iyo impamvu ari imvubura ya parathyroid ikora cyane, uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura akenshi ni ukubaga gukuraho imvubura cyangwa imvubura ikora cyane.

Iyo ndwara iterwa na kanseri

Muri iki gihe, imiti yihariye itangwa kugira ngo igenzure urugero rwa kalisiyumu mu gihe cyo kuvura kanseri.

• Bisphosphonates: Izi zigabanya irekurwa rya kalisiyumu mu magufwa.
• Denosumab: Uyu muti uhabwa abantu batemera bisphosphonates.

Ku ndwara zikomeye

Iyo urugero rwa kalisiyumu ruri hejuru cyane kandi hakaba hari ibimenyetso bikomeye, umurwayi agomba guhita ajyanwa mu bitaro kugira ngo avurwe. Ibi bikubiyemo gutanga umunyu mu mitsi (IV fluids) kugira ngo kalisiyumu irenze umubiri ikure vuba.

Ni izihe ngaruka z'igihe kirekire z'iyi ndwara?

Iyo hypercalcemia itabonetse kandi ikavurwa hakiri kare, ishobora gutera ingorane z'igihe kirekire.

• Amabuye yo mu mpyiko .
• Kunanirwa kw'impyiko bitewe n'umunyu wa kalisiyumu mu mpyiko.
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension) .
• Ugucika kw'amagufwa no kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kuvunika.
• Ibisebe by'amagufwa.
• Kwiheba.

Ese iki kibazo gishobora kwirindwa?

Hypercalcemia ntishobora kwirindwa impamvu zose. Ariko, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe ku rugero runaka wirinda inyunganiramirire nyinshi ya kalisiyumu n'imiti igabanya aside irimo kalisiyumu utabanje kugisha inama muganga .

Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite amateka yo kurwara indwara ya kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso, amabuye mu mpyiko, cyangwa indwara ya parathyroid, ganira na muganga wawe kuri iyo ngingo.